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Pathology and surgery around the vertebral artery Springer Paris Berlin Heidelberg New York Hong Kong Londres Milan Tokyo Bernard George Michaël Bruneau Robert F. Spetzler Pathology and surgery around the vertebral artery Bernard George, MD Professor and Chairman Department of Neurosurgery Hôpital Lariboisière Paris France Michaël Bruneau, MD, PhD Associate Professor Department of Neurosurgery Erasme University Hospital Université Libre de Bruxelles Belgium Robert F. Spetzler, MD Director and J. N. Harber Chairman of Neurological Surgery Barrow Neurological Institute Phoenix, Arizona and Professor, Section of Neurosurgery Department of Surgery University of Arizona College of Medicine Tuscon, Arizona USA ISBN 978-2-287-89786-3 Springer Paris Berlin Heidelberg New York © Springer-Verlag France, Paris, 2011 Springer-Verlag France is a member of the group Springer Science + Business Media Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of the research or private study, or criticism or review, as per- mitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1998, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any forrn or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by the copyright. Enquiry concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc., in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: Nadia Ouddane Lay out: Arts Graphiques Drouais – Dreux Cover and inner illustrations: Marc Donon List of contributors V List of contributors Felipe C. Albuquerque, MD Danielle Balériaux, MD Assistant Director of Endovascular Neurosurgery Department of Neuroradiology Division of Neurological Surgery Erasme University Hospital Barrow Neurological Institute Université Libre de Bruxelles Phoenix, AZ Brussels USA Belgium Hischam Bassiouni, MD Andrei V. Alexandrov, MD Assistant Professor Professor and Director Vice-Director Comprehensive Stroke Center Department of Neurosurgery University of Alabama Hospital Westpfalz-Klinikum GmbH Birmingham, AL Hellmut-Hartert Str. 1 USA 67665 Kaiserslautern Germany Ossama Al-Mefty, MD, FACS Department of Neurosurgery Ludwig Benes, MD Brigham and Women’s Hospital Department of Neurosurgery Harvard Medical School University Hospital of Zurich 75 Francis Street Frauenklinikstrasse 10 Boston, MA 02115 CH-8091 Zurich USA Switzerland Edward C. Benzel, MD Sepideh Amin-Hanjani, MD Chairman, Department of Neurosurgery Associate Professor and Program Director Director, Center for Spine Health Co-Director, Neurovascular Surgery Neurological Institute Department of Neurosurgery Cleveland Clinic University of Illinois at Chicago 9500 Euclid Avenue, S80 Neuropsychiatric Institute (MC 799) Cleveland, OH 44195 912 South Wood Street, Rm 451 N USA Chicago, IL 60612 Helmut Bertalanffy, MD USA Professor and Chairman Department of Neurosurgery Marcel Arnold, MD University Hospital of Zurich Department of Neurology Frauenklinikstrasse 10 University Hospital of Berne CH-8091 Zurich Berne Switzerland Switzerland Marie-Germaine Bousser, MD, PhD Samer Ayoubi, MD Department of Neurology Department of Neurosurgery Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris Little Rock University Hospital Lariboisière Arkansas Paris USA France VI Pathology and surgery around the vertebral artery Olivier Bozinov, MD Neil R. Crawford, PhD Department of Neurosurgery Associate Staff Scientist University Hospital of Zurich Spinal Biomechanics Laboratory Frauenklinikstrasse 10 Division of Neurological Surgery CH-8091 Zurich Barrow Neurological Institute Switzerland Phoenix, Arizona USA Leonardo B.C. Brasiliense, MD Division of Neurological Surgery Shervin R. Dashti, MD Barrow Neurological Institute Division of Neurological Surgery Phoenix, Arizona Barrow Neurological Institute USA St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center Phoenix, Arizona Damien Bresson, MD USA Department of Neurosurgery Hôpital Lariboisière 2, rue Ambroise-Paré Olivier De Witte, MD, PhD 75010 Paris Department of Neurosurgery France Erasme University Hospital Université Libre de Bruxelles Michaël Bruneau, MD, PhD Brussels Associate Professor Belgium Department of Neurosurgery Erasme University Hospital Curtis A. Dickman, MD Université Libre de Bruxelles Associate Chief, Spine Section Route de Lennik, 808 Director, Spinal Research 1070 Brussels Division of Neurological Surgery Belgium Barrow Neurological Institute Phoenix, Arizona Alvaro Campero, MD USA Department of Neurosurgery Hospital Zenón Santillán David J. Fiorella, MD Tucumán c/o Neuroscience Publications Argentina Barrow Neurological Institute Fady T. Charbel, MD 350 W. Thomas Road Professor and Head Phoenix, AZ 85013 Department of Neurosurgery USA University of Illinois at Chicago Neuropsychiatric Institute (MC 799) Urs Fischer, MD 912 South Wood Street Department of Neurology Chicago, IL 60612 University Hospital of Berne USA Berne Switzerland Salvator Chibbaro, MD Department of Neurosurgery Henri-Dominique Fournier, MD Hôpital Lariboisière Service de neurochirurgie 2, rue Ambroise-Paré Centre hospitalier régional universitaire d’ Angers 75010 Paris France France Jan Frederick Cornelius, MD Patrick Fransen, MD Department of Neurosurgery Department of Neurosurgery Hôpital Lariboisière Clinique du Parc Léopold 2, rue Ambroise-Paré 38, rue Froissart 75010 Paris 1040 Brussels France Belgium List of contributors VII Sumio Fukui, MD Erdem Güresir, MD Department of Vascular Surgery Assistant Professor Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph Department of Neurosurgery 75014 Paris Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt France Schleusenweg 2-16 60528 Frankfurt am Main Takanori Fukushima MD, DMSc Germany Professor, Duke University Medical Center and West Virginia University Medical Center Ricardo A. Hanel, MD, PhD Director, Carolina Neuroscience Institute PC Associate Professor of Neurosurgery 4030 Wake Forest Rd, Ste 115 Department of Neurosurgery Raleigh NC 27609 Mayo Clinic USA Jacksonville, FL USA Brian Gantwerker, MD c/o Neuroscience Publications, Barrow Neurological L. Nelson Hopkins, MD Institute Department of Neurosurgery & Toshiba Stroke Research Division of Neurological Surgery Center and Department of Radiology St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences 350 W. Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ 85013 University at Buffalo, State University of New York USA Buffalo, New York USA Bernard George, MD University at Buffalo Neurosurgery Head and Chairman Millard Fillmore Gates Hospital, Kaleida Health Department of Neurosurgery 3 Gates Circle, Buffalo NY 14209 Hôpital Lariboisière USA 2, rue Ambroise-Paré 75010 Paris Sanford PC. Hsu, MD France Department of Neurosurgery UAMS, Little Rock, Arkansas Venelin M. Gerganov, MD, PhD USA Associate Neurosurgeon at the International Neuroscience Institute Department of Neurosurgery Rudolf Pichlmayr Str. 4 Taipei-VGH, National Yang Ming University 30625 Hannover Taipei Germany Taiwan Frédéric Gigou, MD Rashid M. Janjua, MD Department of Vascular Surgery Department of Neurosurgery Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph University of South Florida 75014 Paris Tampa, Florida France USA Dieter Grob, MD Christoph Kappus, MD Spine Unit Department of Neurosurgery Schulthess Klinik University Hospital of Zurich Zürich Frauenklinikstrasse 10 Switzerland CH-8091 Zurich Switzerland Neslihan Gültasli, MD Department of Neuroradiology Ahmet Hilmi Kaya, MD Erasme University Hospital Department of Neurosurgery Université Libre de Bruxelles Yeditepe University Hospital Brussels Istanbul Belgium Turkey VIII Pathology and surgery around the vertebral artery Ali F. Krisht, MD Orphée Makiese, MD Department of Neurosurgery Department of Neurosurgery UAMS, Little Rock, Arkansas Hôpital Lariboisière USA 2, rue Ambroise-Paré 75010 Paris P. R. Lacerda Leal, MD, MSc France Department of Neurological Surgery Takeshi Matsuyama, MD Neurological Hospital Pierre Wertheimer Department of Neurosurgery Groupement Hospitalier – Est Nara prefectural hospital 59, Boulevard Pinel 1-30-1 Hiramatsu-cho 69003 Lyon Nara 631-0846 France Japan Giuseppe Lanzino, MD Peter Maughan, MD Departments of Neurologic Surgery and Radiology c/o Neuroscience Publications Mayo Clinic Barrow Neurological Institute Rochester, MN 350 W. Thomas Road USA Phoenix, AZ 85013 USA Claude Laurian, MD Arnold H. Menezes, MD Department of Vascular Surgery Professor and Vice Chairman Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph Department of Neurosurgery 75014 Paris University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics France Iowa City, Iowa USA Bruno C. R. Lázaro, MD Spinal Biomechanics Laboratory Vincent J. Miele, MD Division of Neurological Surgery The Cleveland Clinic Foundation/A41 Barrow Neurological Institute Center for Spine Health, Neurological Institute Phoenix, Arizona 9500 Euclid Ave USA Cleveland, OH 44195 USA Guilherme Lepski, MD, PhD Department of Neurosurgery Tetsuya Morimoto, MD Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen Department of Neurosurgery Tübingen Takai Hospital Germany 461-2 Kuranosho Tenri, Nara 632-0006 Japan Stéphane Louryan, MD, PhD Université Libre de Bruxelles Hiroyuki Nakase, MD Laboratory of Anatomy, Biomechanics and Department of Neurosurgery Organogenesis Nara Medical University Route de Lennik, 808 (CP 619) 840 Shijo-cho B 1070 Brussels Kashihara, Nara 634-8522 Belgium Japan Boris Lubicz, MD, PhD Yoichi Nonaka, MD, PhD Head of Diagnostic & International Division of Neurosurgery Neuroradiology Department Research Fellow, Duke University Medical Center Erasme University Hospital Division of Neurosurgery Brussels Durham NC 27710 Belgium USA List of contributors IX Rémi Noudel, MD Luca Regli, MD Department of Neurosurgery Department of Neurosurgery Centre hospitalier régional universitaire de Marseille Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience Assistance publique – Hôpitaux de Marseille University Medical Center Chemin des Bourrely Utrecht 13915 Marseille Cedex 20 The Netherlands France Albert L. Rhoton, Jr, MD Department of Neurosurgery Sergio Paolini, MD University of Florida, Department of Neurosurgery Gainesville, Florida Università degli Studi di Perugia USA Perugia Italy Pierre-Hugues Roche, MD Department of Neurosurgery IRCCS Neuromed Centre hospitalier régional universitaire de Marseille Pozzilli Assistance publique – Hôpitaux de Marseille Italy Chemin des Bourrely 13915 Marseille Cedex 20 Damon Patterson, MD France Department Neurology Marta Rubiera, MD Comprehensive Stroke Center Stroke Unit, Neurology department University of Alabama Hospital Hospital Vall d’Hebron, 119-129 Birmingham, AL 08035-Barcelona USA Spain Christophe Paus†, MD Pablo A. Rubino, MD Spine Center Department of Neurosurgery Schulthess Klinik Instituto de Neurociencias de la Fundacion Favaloro Zürich Hospital Universitario Switzerland Buenos Aires Argentina Benoit JM Pirotte, MD, PhD Department of Neurosurgery Toshisuke Sakaki, MD Clinique du Parc Léopold Department of Neurosurgery 38, rue Froissart Nara Medical University 1040 Brussels 840 Shijo-cho Belgium Kashihara, Nara 634-8522 Japan Francois Porchet, MD Madjid Samii, MD, PhD, Prof. Spine Center President of the International Neuroscience Institute Schulthess Klinik Rudolf Pichlmayr Str. 4 Zürich 30625 Hannover Switzerland Germany Dinesh Ramanathan, MD, MS Eric Sauvageau, MD Department of Neurological Surgery Department of Neurosurgery University of Washington, Seattle University of South Florida Seattle, WA 98104 Tampa, Florida USA USA

Description:
This is the first comprehensive book about surgery on and around the vertebral artery all along its cervical and intracranial course. This vessel has been considered for long as out of surgical reach leaving many different pathologies not or incompletely treated. The surgical exposure and control of
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4682 Pages·2011·323.56 MB·English
by  Bernard George MD
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Pathology and surgery around the vertebral artery Springer Paris Berlin Heidelberg New York Hong Kong Londres Milan Tokyo Bernard George Michaël Bruneau Robert F. Spetzler Pathology and surgery around the vertebral artery Bernard George, MD Professor and Chairman Department of Neurosurgery Hôpital Lariboisière Paris France Michaël Bruneau, MD, PhD Associate Professor Department of Neurosurgery Erasme University Hospital Université Libre de Bruxelles Belgium Robert F. Spetzler, MD Director and J. N. Harber Chairman of Neurological Surgery Barrow Neurological Institute Phoenix, Arizona and Professor, Section of Neurosurgery Department of Surgery University of Arizona College of Medicine Tuscon, Arizona USA ISBN 978-2-287-89786-3 Springer Paris Berlin Heidelberg New York © Springer-Verlag France, Paris, 2011 Springer-Verlag France is a member of the group Springer Science + Business Media Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of the research or private study, or criticism or review, as per- mitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1998, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any forrn or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by the copyright. Enquiry concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc., in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: Nadia Ouddane Lay out: Arts Graphiques Drouais – Dreux Cover and inner illustrations: Marc Donon List of contributors V List of contributors Felipe C. Albuquerque, MD Danielle Balériaux, MD Assistant Director of Endovascular Neurosurgery Department of Neuroradiology Division of Neurological Surgery Erasme University Hospital Barrow Neurological Institute Université Libre de Bruxelles Phoenix, AZ Brussels USA Belgium Hischam Bassiouni, MD Andrei V. Alexandrov, MD Assistant Professor Professor and Director Vice-Director Comprehensive Stroke Center Department of Neurosurgery University of Alabama Hospital Westpfalz-Klinikum GmbH Birmingham, AL Hellmut-Hartert Str. 1 USA 67665 Kaiserslautern Germany Ossama Al-Mefty, MD, FACS Department of Neurosurgery Ludwig Benes, MD Brigham and Women’s Hospital Department of Neurosurgery Harvard Medical School University Hospital of Zurich 75 Francis Street Frauenklinikstrasse 10 Boston, MA 02115 CH-8091 Zurich USA Switzerland Edward C. Benzel, MD Sepideh Amin-Hanjani, MD Chairman, Department of Neurosurgery Associate Professor and Program Director Director, Center for Spine Health Co-Director, Neurovascular Surgery Neurological Institute Department of Neurosurgery Cleveland Clinic University of Illinois at Chicago 9500 Euclid Avenue, S80 Neuropsychiatric Institute (MC 799) Cleveland, OH 44195 912 South Wood Street, Rm 451 N USA Chicago, IL 60612 Helmut Bertalanffy, MD USA Professor and Chairman Department of Neurosurgery Marcel Arnold, MD University Hospital of Zurich Department of Neurology Frauenklinikstrasse 10 University Hospital of Berne CH-8091 Zurich Berne Switzerland Switzerland Marie-Germaine Bousser, MD, PhD Samer Ayoubi, MD Department of Neurology Department of Neurosurgery Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris Little Rock University Hospital Lariboisière Arkansas Paris USA France VI Pathology and surgery around the vertebral artery Olivier Bozinov, MD Neil R. Crawford, PhD Department of Neurosurgery Associate Staff Scientist University Hospital of Zurich Spinal Biomechanics Laboratory Frauenklinikstrasse 10 Division of Neurological Surgery CH-8091 Zurich Barrow Neurological Institute Switzerland Phoenix, Arizona USA Leonardo B.C. Brasiliense, MD Division of Neurological Surgery Shervin R. Dashti, MD Barrow Neurological Institute Division of Neurological Surgery Phoenix, Arizona Barrow Neurological Institute USA St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center Phoenix, Arizona Damien Bresson, MD USA Department of Neurosurgery Hôpital Lariboisière 2, rue Ambroise-Paré Olivier De Witte, MD, PhD 75010 Paris Department of Neurosurgery France Erasme University Hospital Université Libre de Bruxelles Michaël Bruneau, MD, PhD Brussels Associate Professor Belgium Department of Neurosurgery Erasme University Hospital Curtis A. Dickman, MD Université Libre de Bruxelles Associate Chief, Spine Section Route de Lennik, 808 Director, Spinal Research 1070 Brussels Division of Neurological Surgery Belgium Barrow Neurological Institute Phoenix, Arizona Alvaro Campero, MD USA Department of Neurosurgery Hospital Zenón Santillán David J. Fiorella, MD Tucumán c/o Neuroscience Publications Argentina Barrow Neurological Institute Fady T. Charbel, MD 350 W. Thomas Road Professor and Head Phoenix, AZ 85013 Department of Neurosurgery USA University of Illinois at Chicago Neuropsychiatric Institute (MC 799) Urs Fischer, MD 912 South Wood Street Department of Neurology Chicago, IL 60612 University Hospital of Berne USA Berne Switzerland Salvator Chibbaro, MD Department of Neurosurgery Henri-Dominique Fournier, MD Hôpital Lariboisière Service de neurochirurgie 2, rue Ambroise-Paré Centre hospitalier régional universitaire d’ Angers 75010 Paris France France Jan Frederick Cornelius, MD Patrick Fransen, MD Department of Neurosurgery Department of Neurosurgery Hôpital Lariboisière Clinique du Parc Léopold 2, rue Ambroise-Paré 38, rue Froissart 75010 Paris 1040 Brussels France Belgium List of contributors VII Sumio Fukui, MD Erdem Güresir, MD Department of Vascular Surgery Assistant Professor Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph Department of Neurosurgery 75014 Paris Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt France Schleusenweg 2-16 60528 Frankfurt am Main Takanori Fukushima MD, DMSc Germany Professor, Duke University Medical Center and West Virginia University Medical Center Ricardo A. Hanel, MD, PhD Director, Carolina Neuroscience Institute PC Associate Professor of Neurosurgery 4030 Wake Forest Rd, Ste 115 Department of Neurosurgery Raleigh NC 27609 Mayo Clinic USA Jacksonville, FL USA Brian Gantwerker, MD c/o Neuroscience Publications, Barrow Neurological L. Nelson Hopkins, MD Institute Department of Neurosurgery & Toshiba Stroke Research Division of Neurological Surgery Center and Department of Radiology St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences 350 W. Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ 85013 University at Buffalo, State University of New York USA Buffalo, New York USA Bernard George, MD University at Buffalo Neurosurgery Head and Chairman Millard Fillmore Gates Hospital, Kaleida Health Department of Neurosurgery 3 Gates Circle, Buffalo NY 14209 Hôpital Lariboisière USA 2, rue Ambroise-Paré 75010 Paris Sanford PC. Hsu, MD France Department of Neurosurgery UAMS, Little Rock, Arkansas Venelin M. Gerganov, MD, PhD USA Associate Neurosurgeon at the International Neuroscience Institute Department of Neurosurgery Rudolf Pichlmayr Str. 4 Taipei-VGH, National Yang Ming University 30625 Hannover Taipei Germany Taiwan Frédéric Gigou, MD Rashid M. Janjua, MD Department of Vascular Surgery Department of Neurosurgery Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph University of South Florida 75014 Paris Tampa, Florida France USA Dieter Grob, MD Christoph Kappus, MD Spine Unit Department of Neurosurgery Schulthess Klinik University Hospital of Zurich Zürich Frauenklinikstrasse 10 Switzerland CH-8091 Zurich Switzerland Neslihan Gültasli, MD Department of Neuroradiology Ahmet Hilmi Kaya, MD Erasme University Hospital Department of Neurosurgery Université Libre de Bruxelles Yeditepe University Hospital Brussels Istanbul Belgium Turkey VIII Pathology and surgery around the vertebral artery Ali F. Krisht, MD Orphée Makiese, MD Department of Neurosurgery Department of Neurosurgery UAMS, Little Rock, Arkansas Hôpital Lariboisière USA 2, rue Ambroise-Paré 75010 Paris P. R. Lacerda Leal, MD, MSc France Department of Neurological Surgery Takeshi Matsuyama, MD Neurological Hospital Pierre Wertheimer Department of Neurosurgery Groupement Hospitalier – Est Nara prefectural hospital 59, Boulevard Pinel 1-30-1 Hiramatsu-cho 69003 Lyon Nara 631-0846 France Japan Giuseppe Lanzino, MD Peter Maughan, MD Departments of Neurologic Surgery and Radiology c/o Neuroscience Publications Mayo Clinic Barrow Neurological Institute Rochester, MN 350 W. Thomas Road USA Phoenix, AZ 85013 USA Claude Laurian, MD Arnold H. Menezes, MD Department of Vascular Surgery Professor and Vice Chairman Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph Department of Neurosurgery 75014 Paris University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics France Iowa City, Iowa USA Bruno C. R. Lázaro, MD Spinal Biomechanics Laboratory Vincent J. Miele, MD Division of Neurological Surgery The Cleveland Clinic Foundation/A41 Barrow Neurological Institute Center for Spine Health, Neurological Institute Phoenix, Arizona 9500 Euclid Ave USA Cleveland, OH 44195 USA Guilherme Lepski, MD, PhD Department of Neurosurgery Tetsuya Morimoto, MD Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen Department of Neurosurgery Tübingen Takai Hospital Germany 461-2 Kuranosho Tenri, Nara 632-0006 Japan Stéphane Louryan, MD, PhD Université Libre de Bruxelles Hiroyuki Nakase, MD Laboratory of Anatomy, Biomechanics and Department of Neurosurgery Organogenesis Nara Medical University Route de Lennik, 808 (CP 619) 840 Shijo-cho B 1070 Brussels Kashihara, Nara 634-8522 Belgium Japan Boris Lubicz, MD, PhD Yoichi Nonaka, MD, PhD Head of Diagnostic & International Division of Neurosurgery Neuroradiology Department Research Fellow, Duke University Medical Center Erasme University Hospital Division of Neurosurgery Brussels Durham NC 27710 Belgium USA List of contributors IX Rémi Noudel, MD Luca Regli, MD Department of Neurosurgery Department of Neurosurgery Centre hospitalier régional universitaire de Marseille Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience Assistance publique – Hôpitaux de Marseille University Medical Center Chemin des Bourrely Utrecht 13915 Marseille Cedex 20 The Netherlands France Albert L. Rhoton, Jr, MD Department of Neurosurgery Sergio Paolini, MD University of Florida, Department of Neurosurgery Gainesville, Florida Università degli Studi di Perugia USA Perugia Italy Pierre-Hugues Roche, MD Department of Neurosurgery IRCCS Neuromed Centre hospitalier régional universitaire de Marseille Pozzilli Assistance publique – Hôpitaux de Marseille Italy Chemin des Bourrely 13915 Marseille Cedex 20 Damon Patterson, MD France Department Neurology Marta Rubiera, MD Comprehensive Stroke Center Stroke Unit, Neurology department University of Alabama Hospital Hospital Vall d’Hebron, 119-129 Birmingham, AL 08035-Barcelona USA Spain Christophe Paus†, MD Pablo A. Rubino, MD Spine Center Department of Neurosurgery Schulthess Klinik Instituto de Neurociencias de la Fundacion Favaloro Zürich Hospital Universitario Switzerland Buenos Aires Argentina Benoit JM Pirotte, MD, PhD Department of Neurosurgery Toshisuke Sakaki, MD Clinique du Parc Léopold Department of Neurosurgery 38, rue Froissart Nara Medical University 1040 Brussels 840 Shijo-cho Belgium Kashihara, Nara 634-8522 Japan Francois Porchet, MD Madjid Samii, MD, PhD, Prof. Spine Center President of the International Neuroscience Institute Schulthess Klinik Rudolf Pichlmayr Str. 4 Zürich 30625 Hannover Switzerland Germany Dinesh Ramanathan, MD, MS Eric Sauvageau, MD Department of Neurological Surgery Department of Neurosurgery University of Washington, Seattle University of South Florida Seattle, WA 98104 Tampa, Florida USA USA

Description:
This is the first comprehensive book about surgery on and around the vertebral artery all along its cervical and intracranial course. This vessel has been considered for long as out of surgical reach leaving many different pathologies not or incompletely treated. The surgical exposure and control of
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