Pathologist of the Mind: Adolf Meyer and the Origins of American Psychiatry PDF
Preview Pathologist of the Mind: Adolf Meyer and the Origins of American Psychiatry
Pathologist of the Mind This page intentionally left blank Pathologist of the Mind Adolf Meyer and the Origins of American Psychiatry S. D. LAMB Johns Hopkins University Press Baltimore © 2014 S. D. Lamb All rights reserved. Published 2014 Printed in the United States of America on acid- free paper 2 4 6 8 9 7 5 3 1 Johns Hopkins University Press 2715 North Charles Street Baltimore, Mary land 21218- 4363 www .press .jhu .edu All illustrations courtesy of and reproduced by permission of the Alan Mason Chesney Medical Archives of The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions. Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Lamb, S. D., 1971– author. Pathologist of the mind : Adolf Meyer and the origins of American psychiatry / S. D. Lamb. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN- 13: 978- 1- 4214- 1484- 3 (hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN- 10: 1- 4214- 1484- 8 (hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN- 13: 978- 1- 4214- 1485- 0 ISBN- 10: 1- 4214- 1485- 6 I. Title. [DNLM: 1. Meyer, Adolf, 1866– 1950. 2. Psychiatry— history—United States. 3. History, 19th Century— United States. 4. History, 20th Century— United States. 5. Psychotherapy— history—United States. WM 11 AA1] RC454.4 616.89—dc23 2013048850 A cata log record for this book is available from the British Library. Special discounts are available for bulk purchases of this book. For more information, please contact Special Sales at 410- 516- 6936 or [email protected]. Johns Hopkins University Press uses environmentally friendly book materials, including recycled text paper that is composed of at least 30 percent post- consumer waste, whenever possible. In memory of my parents, Stan and Carol Lamb This page intentionally left blank Contents Ac know ledg ments ix Introduction 1 1 Pathology as Method: Adolf Meyer’s Vision for a Clinical Science of Psychiatry 26 2 Mind as Biology: Adolf Meyer’s Concept of Psychobiology 59 3 Unique Soil in Baltimore: The Phipps Psychiatric Clinic at Johns Hopkins Hospital 99 4 The Baptismal Child of American Psychiatry: The Meyerian Case History 130 5 A Wonderful Center for Mental Orthopedics: Adolf Meyer’s Therapeutic Experiment 161 6 Subconscious Adaptation: Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis in Meyerian Psychiatry 205 Conclusion 246 Notes 257 Index 291 Illustrations follow pages 98 and 160 This page intentionally left blank Ac know ledg ments Psychobiology, the concept upon which all of Adolf Meyer’s reforms, prac- tices, and teaching were based, evolved from his extensive knowledge of complex scientifi c and philosophical principles. In numerous scientifi c pub- lications, he discussed these complexities from several demanding disci- plinary perspectives, using weighty terminology, obscure literary references (for which he assumed his readers needed no context), and a writing style that was painfully long- winded, dense, convoluted, and abstruse. In order to research and write this book, I worked to become fl uent in the Meyerian syntax. I learned to identify and analyze the substantive content of Meyer’s writing, and I searched for ways to reinterpret his meaning in intelligible terms for both myself and my readers— all of which regularly tested my in- tellectual and emotional limits. That I survived this decade- long ordeal owes much to the advice, comments, and support that I received from a number of people, whom I now have the plea sure of acknowledging and thanking. Pathologist of the Mind was born and fostered in the Institute of the His- tory of Medicine at Johns Hopkins University. The institute’s faculty, under the chairmanship of Randall Packard, created an intellectually diverse and supportive environment that was ideal for scholarly development. My thesis supervisor, Daniel Todes, cultivated a working relationship that integrated pedagogy and collegiality seamlessly. He was (and remains) enthusiastic, generous, challenging, responsive, and shrewd; I am fortunate and forever grateful to reap the benefi ts of Dan’s exceptional commitment to academic supervision and mentorship. Thank you to my dissertation committee members— Nathaniel Comfort, Ronald Walters, Jay Schulkin, and Ruth Leys— for their many keen insights and constructive comments. Special thanks to Ruth Leys, whose singular expertise on Meyer’s ideology guided my ongoing evaluation of the abundant source materials. At an early stage in the research, Harry Marks suggested that I read Morton White’s 1949
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