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Past Mobilities: Archaeological Approaches to Movement and Mobility PDF

219 Pages·2014·3.038 MB·English
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Past Mobilities This page has been left blank intentionally Past Mobilities archaeological approaches to Movement and Mobility Edited by JiM leary University of Reading, UK © Jim leary 2014 all rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Jim leary has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents act, 1988, to be identified as the editor of this work. Published by ashgate Publishing limited ashgate Publishing Company Wey Court east 110 Cherry street Union road suite 3-1 Farnham burlington, Vt 05401-3818 surrey, GU9 7Pt Usa england www.ashgate.com British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library The Library of Congress has cataloged the printed edition as follows: Past mobilities : archaeological approaches to movement and mobility / [edited] by Jim leary. pages cm includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4094-6445-7 (hardback) -- ISBN 978-1-4094-6446-4 (ebook) -- ISBN 978-1-4094-6447-1 (epub) 1. Social archaeology. 2. Migration, Internal--History. 3. Social evolution. 4. Social change. 5. Civilization, Ancient. 6. Excavations (Archaeology) 7. Antiquities, Prehistoric. 8. Idea (Philosophy) 9. Memetics. I. Leary, Jim. CC72.4.P37 2014 303.4--dc23 2013042232 ISBN 9781409464457 (hbk) ISBN 9781409464464 (ebk – PDF) ISBN 9781409464471 (ebk – ePUB) V Printed in the United Kingdom by Henry ling limited, at the Dorset Press, Dorchester, Dt1 1HD Contents List of Figures and Tables vii List of Contributors xi Acknowledgements xiii 1 Past Mobility: An Introduction 1 Jim Leary 2 Past Movements, Tomorrow’s Anchors. On the Relational Entanglements Between Archaeological Mobilities 21 Oscar Aldred 3 Enmeshments of Shifting Landscapes and Embodied Movements of People and Animals 49 Matt Edgeworth 4 Suspended Animations: Mobilities in Rock Art Research 63 Ursula K. Frederick 5 GIS Approaches to Past Mobility and Accessibility: An Example From the Bronze Age Khanuy Valley, Mongolia 79 Oula Seitsonen, Jean-Luc Houle and Lee G. Broderick 6 Micro Mobilities and Affordances of Past Places 113 Kirk Woolford and Stuart Dunn 7 Mobility and the Skeleton: A Biomechanical View 129 Thomas G. Davies, Emma Pomeroy, Colin N. Shaw, Jay T. Stock 8 Women on the Move. The DNA Evidence for Female Mobility and Exogamy in Prehistory 155 Keri A. Brown 9 Mobility in the Roman Empire 175 Lien Foubert and David J. Breeze vi Past Mobilities 10 Travelling by Water. A Chronology of Prehistoric Boat Archaeology/Mobility in England 187 Mark Dunkley Index 201 List of Figures and Tables 1.1 The footprint trails of ‘Persons 11 and 12’ 2 1.2 ‘Earthbound Plant’ by Antony Gormley. The soles of a life-sized statue buried upside down outside the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge 15 2.1 Map showing the study area (excluding the south-western area) 28 2.2 Two landscape archaeologies: 2005–2010 archaeological survey by author; 2010 archaeological survey using Icelandic methodology 29 2.3 A typical cairn; a fusion of nature and culture (uid 502) 31 2.4 Cairns (left) and reconstructed tracks (right) with farms juxtaposed (larger black dots) 32 2.5 Visual envelope (viewshed) from cairns 11 and 12 (left), and the visual connections between cairns (right) along route 2 35 2.6 Route 2 – operational sequence and status of cairns 37 2.7 The rhythmic signature along route 3 showing angle of slope (real values), cairns (x2) and speed (km/hr) – without the stoppages i.e. 0 km/hr 41 2.8 The rhythmic signature along route 8 showing angle of slope (real values), cairns, other features and speed from two different surveyors – without stoppages i.e. 0 km/hr 42 3.1 Schematic drawing of the wrenching and warping of lines of flow. Lighter lines show the pattern of roads approaching the old river crossing, vestiges of which may survive as relict features hidden in a landscape or townscape. Darker lines show the new river crossing as a re-gathering of old routes 53 3.2 Newly discovered broad droveway heading (past ringwork) straight for Biggleswade marketplace on other side of river, indicating position of ford 54 3.3 Former droveway and ford in relation to marketplace and other surviving townscape features. At the top of the picture is the medieval bridge which replaced the earlier ford (1838 tithe map of Biggleswade) 55 4.1 Aboriginal man loading a canoe onto the car to go alligator [crocodile?] hunting, Northern Territory, Francis Birtles [Between 1899 and 1928] 63 viii Past Mobilities 4.2 Aboriginal rock painting depicting a motor car, at the Granites, Northern Territory, 1928, Michael Terry 70 5.1 Location of the study area, and the archaeological features recorded during the systematic survey in the areas A and B 80 5.2 Top: Basic concepts of Hägerstrand’s time-geography; Bottom: 2,5 D presentation of intersecting 30 minute Potential Path Spaces (only out-travel presented) and their Potential Path Areas from two Bronze Age occupation areas in the survey area A 83 5.3 Top View from a modern pastoralist winter camp site, in the foreground a small khirigsuur and on the plain a large khirigsuur (KYR-1), notice the light coloured jeep as a scale; Bottom: Three slope burials (white arrows) in the survey area B 86 5.4 Archaeological features observed in the survey area A 87 5.5 General map of the largest khirigsuur KYR-40 mapped in 2011; contours at 0,5 m intervals 89 5.6 Relationship of energy expenditure and travel speed depending on the slope angle 91 5.7 Top: Travel time from Bronze Age find locations (30 minute time- budget, 5 minute PPAs shown as solid lines); Bottom: 30 minute cumulative PPAs from same locations in the survey Area A 92 5.8 Top: Cost-distance travel times from the Bronze Age occupation areas to monumental sites; Bottom: Correlation between the cost- distance travel time and area covered by the khirigsuur’s fence in the survey area A 95 5.9 Top: Inter-visibility (standardized to 0–1) of monuments from the Bronze Age occupation areas; Bottom: Total viewshed (standardized to 0–1) from different archaeological features in the survey area A 97 5.10 Khirigsuur clusters in Khanuy Valley (dashed line), the intervals of one day PPAs (solid line) from the largest KYR-1 and KYR-40 khirigsuurs, and modelled cumulative least-cost corridors across the landscape 99 5.11 Top left: 30 minute potential path field; Top right: its prominence at 150 meter radius; Bottom left: its prominence at 90 meter radius; Bottom right: its prominence at 60 meter radius; khirigsuurs recorded during the roadside survey marked with dots 101 6.1 Sweeping in a) virtual (U. Sussex) and b) physical (Butser Ancient Farm) round house 120 6.2 a) Inexperienced performer using quern to grind grain by using short, rocking movements. b) Experienced experimental archaeologist grinding grain with larger movements and rotating quern through its entire range of movement 122 List of Figures and Tables ix 7.1 Biomechanical properties for bone cross-sections 131 7.2 Cross-sectional hypertrophy (increased diameter and thickness) in the humerus of the playing arm of professional tennis players 132 7.3 Changes documented in the femoral cross-sectional morphology with transition to agriculture. Example cross-section outlines for representative pre-agricultural and agricultural individuals at the femur midshaft 134 7.4 Example tibia midshaft cross-sections for runners, hockey players, and controls. Runners show anteroposteriorly strengthened cross- sections, whilst hockey players show strengthening in multiple directions, relative to controls 136 7.5 Humero-femoral TA ratio (Humerus 35 per cent/femur 50 per cent) among Andaman Islanders and LSA South Africans. Higher ratios observed among the Andaman Islanders relative to the LSA South Africans indicate increased humeral strength relative to the femur, likely associated with use of watercraft in the former group vs. high terrestrial mobility in the latter 138 7.6 Mean total subperiosteal area (standardized to body mass) across the lower limb among males and females from the el-Badari and Kerma populations, measured at 1 per cent intervals of bone length 143 7.7 Mean I/I shape ratio across the lower limb (1 per cent intervals x y of bone length) among males and females from the el-Badari and Kerma populations 144 8.1 Map showing location of Neolithic ancient DNA sites discussed in text. 1) Ostorf, 2) Eilsleben, 3) Derenburg, 4) Unterwiederstedt, 5) Unseburg, 6) Halberstadt, 7) Seehausen, 8) Flomborn, 9) Vaihingen, 10) Schwetzingen, 11) Asaparn Scheltz, 12) Prissé- La Charrière, 13) Ecsegfalva, 14) Cave I, Treilles, 15) Chaves, 16) Can Sadurní, 17) Sant Pau del Camp 168 9.1 Army carts drawn by oxen and mules depicted on Trajan’s Column in Rome in the early second century AD 179 9.2 Tents being transported by ship across the River Danube during the campaigns of the Emperor Trajan against the Dacians in the early second century AD 183 9.3 A map illustrating the movement of Claudius Paternus Clementianus across the Empire during the course of a career which saw him serve on the Lower Rhine, the middle Danube, Transylvania, the Middle East, Sardinia, North Africa and finally Austria 185

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Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.