Past Mobilities: Archaeological Approaches to Movement and Mobility

219 Pages·2014·3.038 MB·English

by  Jim Learly

Past Mobilities
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Past Mobilities
archaeological approaches to Movement and Mobility
Edited by
JiM leary
University of Reading, UK
© Jim leary 2014
all rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher.
Jim leary has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents act, 1988, to be
identified as the editor of this work.
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
The Library of Congress has cataloged the printed edition as follows:
Past mobilities : archaeological approaches to movement and mobility / [edited] by
Jim leary.
pages cm
includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4094-6445-7 (hardback) -- ISBN 978-1-4094-6446-4 (ebook) --
ISBN 978-1-4094-6447-1 (epub) 1. Social archaeology. 2. Migration, Internal--History. 3.
Social evolution. 4. Social change. 5. Civilization, Ancient. 6. Excavations (Archaeology)
7. Antiquities, Prehistoric. 8. Idea (Philosophy) 9. Memetics. I. Leary, Jim.
CC72.4.P37 2014
303.4--dc23
2013042232
ISBN 9781409464457 (hbk)
ISBN 9781409464464 (ebk – PDF)
ISBN 9781409464471 (ebk – ePUB)
V
Printed in the United Kingdom by Henry ling limited,
at the Dorset Press, Dorchester, Dt1 1HD
Contents
List of Figures and Tables vii
List of Contributors xi
Acknowledgements xiii
1 Past Mobility: An Introduction 1
Jim Leary
2 Past Movements, Tomorrow’s Anchors. On the Relational
Entanglements Between Archaeological Mobilities 21
Oscar Aldred
3 Enmeshments of Shifting Landscapes and Embodied Movements
of People and Animals 49
Matt Edgeworth
4 Suspended Animations: Mobilities in Rock Art Research 63
Ursula K. Frederick
5 GIS Approaches to Past Mobility and Accessibility: An Example
From the Bronze Age Khanuy Valley, Mongolia 79
Oula Seitsonen, Jean-Luc Houle and Lee G. Broderick
6 Micro Mobilities and Affordances of Past Places 113
Kirk Woolford and Stuart Dunn
7 Mobility and the Skeleton: A Biomechanical View 129
Thomas G. Davies, Emma Pomeroy, Colin N. Shaw, Jay T. Stock
8 Women on the Move. The DNA Evidence for Female Mobility and
Exogamy in Prehistory 155
Keri A. Brown
9 Mobility in the Roman Empire 175
Lien Foubert and David J. Breeze
vi Past Mobilities
10 Travelling by Water. A Chronology of Prehistoric Boat
Archaeology/Mobility in England 187
Mark Dunkley
Index 201
List of Figures and Tables
1.1 The footprint trails of ‘Persons 11 and 12’ 2
1.2 ‘Earthbound Plant’ by Antony Gormley. The soles of a life-sized
statue buried upside down outside the McDonald Institute for
Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge 15
2.1 Map showing the study area (excluding the south-western area) 28
2.2 Two landscape archaeologies: 2005–2010 archaeological survey by
author; 2010 archaeological survey using Icelandic methodology 29
2.3 A typical cairn; a fusion of nature and culture (uid 502) 31
2.4 Cairns (left) and reconstructed tracks (right) with farms juxtaposed
(larger black dots) 32
2.5 Visual envelope (viewshed) from cairns 11 and 12 (left), and the
visual connections between cairns (right) along route 2 35
2.6 Route 2 – operational sequence and status of cairns 37
2.7 The rhythmic signature along route 3 showing angle of slope
(real values), cairns (x2) and speed (km/hr) – without the
stoppages i.e. 0 km/hr 41
2.8 The rhythmic signature along route 8 showing angle of slope
(real values), cairns, other features and speed from two different
surveyors – without stoppages i.e. 0 km/hr 42
3.1 Schematic drawing of the wrenching and warping of lines of flow.
Lighter lines show the pattern of roads approaching the old river
crossing, vestiges of which may survive as relict features hidden
in a landscape or townscape. Darker lines show the new river
crossing as a re-gathering of old routes 53
3.2 Newly discovered broad droveway heading (past ringwork)
straight for Biggleswade marketplace on other side of river,
indicating position of ford 54
3.3 Former droveway and ford in relation to marketplace and other
surviving townscape features. At the top of the picture is the
medieval bridge which replaced the earlier ford
(1838 tithe map of Biggleswade) 55
4.1 Aboriginal man loading a canoe onto the car to go alligator
[crocodile?] hunting, Northern Territory, Francis Birtles
[Between 1899 and 1928] 63
viii Past Mobilities
4.2 Aboriginal rock painting depicting a motor car, at the Granites,
Northern Territory, 1928, Michael Terry 70
5.1 Location of the study area, and the archaeological features
recorded during the systematic survey in the areas A and B 80
5.2 Top: Basic concepts of Hägerstrand’s time-geography; Bottom:
2,5 D presentation of intersecting 30 minute Potential Path Spaces
(only out-travel presented) and their Potential Path Areas from two
Bronze Age occupation areas in the survey area A 83
5.3 Top View from a modern pastoralist winter camp site, in the
foreground a small khirigsuur and on the plain a large khirigsuur
(KYR-1), notice the light coloured jeep as a scale; Bottom: Three
slope burials (white arrows) in the survey area B 86
5.4 Archaeological features observed in the survey area A 87
5.5 General map of the largest khirigsuur KYR-40 mapped in 2011;
contours at 0,5 m intervals 89
5.6 Relationship of energy expenditure and travel speed depending on
the slope angle 91
5.7 Top: Travel time from Bronze Age find locations (30 minute time-
budget, 5 minute PPAs shown as solid lines); Bottom: 30 minute
cumulative PPAs from same locations in the survey Area A 92
5.8 Top: Cost-distance travel times from the Bronze Age occupation
areas to monumental sites; Bottom: Correlation between the cost-
distance travel time and area covered by the khirigsuur’s fence in
the survey area A 95
5.9 Top: Inter-visibility (standardized to 0–1) of monuments from
the Bronze Age occupation areas; Bottom: Total viewshed
(standardized to 0–1) from different archaeological features in the
survey area A 97
5.10 Khirigsuur clusters in Khanuy Valley (dashed line), the intervals
of one day PPAs (solid line) from the largest KYR-1 and KYR-40
khirigsuurs, and modelled cumulative least-cost corridors across
the landscape 99
5.11 Top left: 30 minute potential path field; Top right: its prominence
at 150 meter radius; Bottom left: its prominence at 90 meter
radius; Bottom right: its prominence at 60 meter radius; khirigsuurs
recorded during the roadside survey marked with dots 101
6.1 Sweeping in a) virtual (U. Sussex) and b) physical (Butser Ancient
Farm) round house 120
6.2 a) Inexperienced performer using quern to grind grain by
using short, rocking movements. b) Experienced experimental
archaeologist grinding grain with larger movements and rotating
quern through its entire range of movement 122
List of Figures and Tables ix
7.1 Biomechanical properties for bone cross-sections 131
7.2 Cross-sectional hypertrophy (increased diameter and thickness) in
the humerus of the playing arm of professional tennis players 132
7.3 Changes documented in the femoral cross-sectional morphology
with transition to agriculture. Example cross-section outlines for
representative pre-agricultural and agricultural individuals at the
femur midshaft 134
7.4 Example tibia midshaft cross-sections for runners, hockey players,
and controls. Runners show anteroposteriorly strengthened cross-
sections, whilst hockey players show strengthening in multiple
directions, relative to controls 136
7.5 Humero-femoral TA ratio (Humerus 35 per cent/femur 50 per cent)
among Andaman Islanders and LSA South Africans. Higher ratios
observed among the Andaman Islanders relative to the LSA South
Africans indicate increased humeral strength relative to the femur,
likely associated with use of watercraft in the former group vs.
high terrestrial mobility in the latter 138
7.6 Mean total subperiosteal area (standardized to body mass) across
the lower limb among males and females from the el-Badari and
Kerma populations, measured at 1 per cent intervals of bone length 143
7.7 Mean I/I shape ratio across the lower limb (1 per cent intervals
x y
of bone length) among males and females from the el-Badari and
Kerma populations 144
8.1 Map showing location of Neolithic ancient DNA sites discussed in
text. 1) Ostorf, 2) Eilsleben, 3) Derenburg, 4) Unterwiederstedt,
5) Unseburg, 6) Halberstadt, 7) Seehausen, 8) Flomborn,
9) Vaihingen, 10) Schwetzingen, 11) Asaparn Scheltz, 12) Prissé-
La Charrière, 13) Ecsegfalva, 14) Cave I, Treilles, 15) Chaves,
16) Can Sadurní, 17) Sant Pau del Camp 168
9.1 Army carts drawn by oxen and mules depicted on Trajan’s Column
in Rome in the early second century AD 179
9.2 Tents being transported by ship across the River Danube during the
campaigns of the Emperor Trajan against the Dacians in the early
second century AD 183
9.3 A map illustrating the movement of Claudius Paternus
Clementianus across the Empire during the course of a career
which saw him serve on the Lower Rhine, the middle Danube,
Transylvania, the Middle East, Sardinia, North Africa and finally
Austria 185