Past Convictions THE MIDDLE AGES SERIES ruth mazo karras, series editor edward peters, founding editor A complete list of books in the series is available from the publisher. Past Convictions Th e Penance of Louis the Pious and the Decline of the Carolingians Courtney M. Booker University of Pennsylvania Press Philadelphia Publication of this book has been aided by a grant from the Medieval Academy of America Copyright © 2009 University of Pennsylvania Press All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations used for purposes of review or schol- arly citation, none of this book may be reproduced in any form by any means without written permission from the publisher. Published by University of Pennsylvania Press Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4112 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Booker, Courtney M. Past convictions : the penance of Louis the Pious and the decline of the Carolin- gians / Courtney M. Booker. p. cm. — (Th e Middle Ages series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8122-4168-6 (alk. paper) 1. Louis I, Emperor, 778–840. 2. Louis I, Emperor, 778–840—Historiography. 3. France — Kings and rulers — Biography. 4. France — History — To 987. I. Title. DC74.B66 2009 944'.01092—dc22 2009017735 [B] For Susan contents introduction 1 PART I REMEMBERING chapter one Telling the Truth About the Field of Lies 15 chapter two Th e Shame of the Franks 68 chapter three Histrionic History, Demanding Drama 104 PART II JUSTIFYING chapter four Documenting Duty’s Demands 129 viii contents chapter five Forgotten Memories 183 PART III DISCOURSING chapter six Eloquence in Equity, Fluency in Iniquity 213 epilogue: convictions past and present 247 appendix 257 list of abbreviations 265 notes 273 select bibliography 387 index 405 acknowledgments 417