Party Systems in Post-Soviet Countries: A Comparative Study of Political Institutionalization in the Baltic States, Russia, and Ukraine PDF
Preview Party Systems in Post-Soviet Countries: A Comparative Study of Political Institutionalization in the Baltic States, Russia, and Ukraine
Party Systems in Post-Soviet Countries This page intentionally left blank P S ARTY YSTEMS IN P -S C OST OVIET OUNTRIES A C S P OMPARATIVE TUDY OF OLITICAL I B NSTITUTIONALIZATION IN THE ALTIC S , R , U TATES USSIA AND KRAINE A A. M NDREY ELESHEVICH PARTYSYSTEMSINPOST-SOVIETCOUNTRIES © Andrey A.Meleshevich,2007. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2007 978-1-4039-7449-5 All rights reserved.No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published in 2007 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN™ 175 Fifth Avenue,New York,N.Y.10010 and Houndmills,Basingstoke,Hampshire,England RG21 6XS Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St.Martin’s Press,LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States,United Kingdom and other countries.Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-53514-9 ISBN 978-0-230-60361-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230603615 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Meleshevich,Andrey A. Party systems in post-Soviet countries:a comparative study of politicalinstitutionalization in the Baltic States,Russia,and Ukraine / Andrey A.Meleshevich. p.cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-349-53514-9 1.Political parties—Baltic States—History.2.Political parties— Russia (Federation)—History.3.Political parties—Ukraine—History. 4.Baltic States—Politics and government—1991– 5.Russia (Federation)—Politics and government—1991– 6.Ukraine—Politics and government—1991– I.Title. JN6729.A979M45 2007 324.20947—dc22 2006049484 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd.,Chennai,India. First edition:February 2007 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For Alla Meleshevich This page intentionally left blank Contents List ofTables ix List of Figures xi List of Abbreviations xiii Acknowledgments xv Introduction 1 Part I Measuring Political Institutionalization in the Baltic States, Russia, and Ukraine 1. Conceptual Framework and Operational Indicators of Political Institutionalization 9 2. Autonomyof the Party System: Recruitment into the National Legislature 29 3. Autonomyof the Party System: Recruitment into the Executive Branch 51 4. Autonomyof the Party System: Geographical Patterns of Party Support 77 5. Stabilityof the Party System 97 6. Measuring Political Institutionalization: Conclusion 107 Part II Explaining Political Institutionalization in the Baltic States, Russia, and Ukraine 7. The Role of the Old Communist Elites during the Formative Stage of the Party System 115 viii Contents 8. The Type of Government and the Party System 139 9. Political Consequences of the Post-Soviet Electoral Systems 165 10. “Parties of Power” and the Party System 193 Conclusion 205 Notes 215 Bibliography 229 Index 251 List of Tables 1.1 Criteria of Political Institutionalization Proposed by Selected Scholars 12 1.2 Criteria and Operational Indicators of Political Institutionalization 27 2.1 The Number and Percentage of Independent MPs Elected in Lithuania, Russia, and Ukraine in Single-Member Districts, 1991–2003 34 2.2 Autonomy of the Party System: Recruitment into the National Assembly in the Baltic States, Russia, and Ukraine, 1991–2004 50 3.1 Brief Descriptions of Cabinets in Estonia, 1990–2004 55 3.2 Brief Descriptions of Cabinets in Latvia, 1990–2004 57 3.3 Brief Descriptions of Cabinets in Lithuania, 1990–2004 59 3.4 Brief Descriptions of Cabinets in the Russian Federation, 1990–2004 62 3.5 Brief Descriptions of Cabinets in Ukraine, 1990–2004 68 3.6 Autonomy of the Party System: Recruitment into the Cabinet in the Baltic States, Russia, and Ukraine, 1991–2004 73 4.1 Ukraine: Coefficient of Variability (CV) of Main Political Parties in Post-Independence Elections 81 4.2 Estonia: Coefficient of Variability (CV) of Main Political Parties in Postindependence Elections 82 4.3 Latvia: Coefficient of Variability (CV) of Main Political Parties in Postindependence Elections 82 4.4 Lithuania: Coefficient of Variability (CV) of Main Political Parties in Postindependence Elections 83 4.5 Russia: Coefficient of Variability (CV) of Main Political Parties in Postindependence Elections 84 4.6 Autonomy of the Party System: Regional Strength of Party Identification in the Baltic States, Russia, and Ukraine, 1991–2004 94
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