Particle Strengths: Extreme Value Distributions in Fracture

411 Pages·2023·19.64 MB·English

by  Robert F. Cook

Particle Strengths

Particle Strengths
Extreme Value Distributions in Fracture
Robert F. Cook
Copyright©2023byRobertF.Cook.Allrightsreserved.
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData:
Names:Cook,RobertF.(Independentscientist),author.
Title:Particlestrength:extremevaluedistributionsinfracture/Robert
F.Cook.
Description:Hoboken,NewJersey:Wiley;AmericanCeramicSociety,
[2023]|Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
Identifiers:LCCN2022057645(print)|LCCN2022057646(ebook)|ISBN
9781119850939(hardback)|ISBN9781119850946(adobepdf)|ISBN
9781119850953(epub)|ISBN9781119850960(ebook)
Subjects:LCSH:Strengthofmaterials.|Particledynamics.|Materials
science.
Classification:LCCTA405.C8442023(print)|LCCTA405(ebook)|DDC
620/.43–dc23/eng/20230105
LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2022057645
LCebookrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2022057646
CoverDesign:Wiley
CoverImage:CourtesyofRobertF.Cook
Setin9.5/12.5ptSTIXTwoTextbyIntegraSoftwareServicesPvt.Ltd,Pondicherry,India
ToMichelle,
whoalwayssaidthisshouldbedone,
andwasnever-endinglyencouraging.

vii
Contents
Preface xi
AbbreviationsandSymbols xiii
1 IntroductiontoParticlesandParticleLoading 1
1.1 ParticleFailureandHumanActivity 1
1.1.1 ParticlesasStructuralComponents 1
1.1.2 ParticleLoading 4
1.1.3 ParticlesinApplication 12
1.2 ParticleShapesandSizes 14
1.3 Summary:ParticleLoadingandShape 23
References 24
2 ParticlesinDiametralCompression 29
2.1 ExtensiveandIntensiveMechanicalProperties 29
2.2 ParticleBehaviorinDiametralCompression 33
2.2.1 Force-DisplacementObservations 33
2.2.2 Force-DisplacementModels 38
2.3 StressAnalysesofDiametralCompression 48
2.4 ImpactLoading 60
2.5 StrengthObservations 63
2.6 StrengthEmpiricalDistributionFunction 65
2.7 OutlineofParticleStrengths 68
2.7.1 IndividualTopics 68
2.7.2 OverallThemes 70
References 72
3 FlawPopulations 81
3.1 FlawSizesandStrengths 81
3.2 PopulationsofFlawsandStrengths 84
3.2.1 PopulationDefinitions 84
3.2.2 PopulationExamples 86
3.3 SamplesofFlawsandStrengths 92
3.3.1 SampleDefinitions 92
3.3.2 SampleExamples 96
3.4 Heavy-TailedandLight-TailedPopulations 103
3.5 DiscussionandSummary 106
References 110
4 StrengthDistributions 113
4.1 BrittleFractureStrengths 113
4.1.1 SamplesofComponents 113
viii Contents
4.1.2 AnalysisofSampleStrengthDistributions 114
4.2 SampleStrengthDistributions 116
4.2.1 SampleAnalysisVerification 116
4.2.2 SampleExamples 119
4.3 DiscussionandSummary 125
References 130
5 SurveyofExtendedComponentStrengthDistributions 133
5.1 Introduction 133
5.2 MaterialsandLoadingSurvey 134
5.2.1 Glass,BendingandPressureLoading 134
5.2.2 Alumina,BendingLoading 135
5.2.3 SiliconNitride,BendingLoading 136
5.2.4 Porcelain,BendingLoading 138
5.2.5 Silicon,BendingandTensionLoading 140
5.2.6 Fibers,TensileLoading 141
5.2.7 Shells,FlexureLoading 142
5.2.8 Columns,CompressiveLoading 144
5.2.9 MaterialsSurveySummary 144
5.3 SizeEffects 148
5.3.1 Stochastic 148
5.3.2 Deterministic 153
5.3.3 SizeEffectSummary 159
5.4 DiscussionandSummary 159
References 163
6 SurveyofParticleStrengthDistributions 167
6.1 Introduction 167
6.2 MaterialsComparisons 169
6.2.1 Alumina 169
6.2.2 Quartz 171
6.2.3 Limestone 173
6.2.4 Rock 174
6.2.5 Thresholdperturbations 175
6.3 SizeComparisons 177
6.3.1 SmallParticles 177
6.3.2 MediumParticles 180
6.3.3 LargeParticles 181
6.4 SummaryandDiscussion 182
References 186
7 StochasticScalingofParticleStrengthDistributions 189
7.1 Introduction 189
7.2 ConcaveStochasticDistributions 193
7.2.1 Alumina 193
7.2.2 Limestone 194
7.2.3 Coral 197
7.2.4 QuartzandQuartzite 198
7.2.5 Basalt 201
7.3 SigmoidalStochasticDistributions 202
7.3.1 Fertilizer 202
7.3.2 Glass 207
7.4 SummaryandDiscussion 208
References 213
Contents ix
8 CaseStudy:StrengthEvolutioninCeramicParticles 215
8.1 Introduction 215
8.2 StrengthandFlawSizeObservations 217
8.3 StrengthandFlawSizeAnalysis 220
8.4 SummaryandDiscussion 222
References 230
9 DeterministicScalingofParticleStrengthDistributions 233
9.1 Introduction 233
9.2 ConcaveDeterministicDistributions 237
9.2.1 Alumina 237
9.2.2 Quartz 238
9.2.3 Salt 241
9.2.4 Rock 242
9.2.5 Coal 245
9.2.6 Coral 246
9.3 SigmoidalDeterministicDistributions 248
9.3.1 Glass 248
9.3.2 Rock 252
9.4 LinearDeterministicDistributions 253
9.4.1 Cement 254
9.4.2 Ice 257
9.5 DeterministicStrengthandFlawSizeAnalyses 258
9.5.1 LinearStrengthDistributions 259
9.5.2 ConcaveStrengthDistributions 263
9.6 SummaryandDiscussion 265
References 270
10 AgglomerateParticleStrengths 273
10.1 Introduction 273
10.2 Pharmaceuticals 276
10.2.1 Porosity 277
10.2.2 Shape 280
10.2.3 Distributions 287
10.3 Foods 290
10.4 Catalysts 292
10.5 DiscussionandSummary 294
References 297
11 CompliantParticles 303
11.1 Introduction–HydrogelParticles 303
11.2 Deformation 308
11.2.1 Axial 308
11.2.2 Transverse 310
11.3 Strength 315
11.4 SummaryandDiscussion 317
References 322
12 FractureMechanicsofParticleStrengths 325
12.1 Introduction 325
12.2 UniformLoading 327
12.2.1 WorkandElasticEnergy 327