Particle Physics and Cosmology PDF
Preview Particle Physics and Cosmology
UniversitéJosephFourier LesHouches SessionLXXXVI 2006 ParticlePhysicsandCosmology: theFabricofSpacetime Lecturerswhocontributed tothisvolume AlessandraBUONANNO JamesCLINE WalterGOLDBERGER ThomasHERTOG LevKOFMAN SabinoMATARRESE HitoshiMURAYAMA SergioPASTOR SimonPRUNET RomainTEYSSIER PeterTINYAKOV ÉCOLE D’ÉTÉ DE PHYSIQUE DES HOUCHES SESSION LXXXVI, 31 JULY – 25 AUGUST 2006 ÉCOLE THÉMATIQUE DU CNRS PARTICLE PHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY: THE FABRIC OF SPACETIME Editedby FrancisBernardeau,ChristopheGrojeanandJeanDalibard Amsterdam–Boston–Heidelberg–London–NewYork–Oxford Paris–SanDiego–SanFrancisco–Singapore–Sydney–Tokyo Elsevier Radarweg29,POBox211,1000AEAmsterdam,TheNetherlands LinacreHouse,JordanHill,OxfordOX28DP,UK Firstedition2007 Copyright(cid:2)c 2007ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced, storedinaretrievalsystemortransmittedinany formorbyanymeanselectronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwisewithouttheprior writtenpermissionofthepublisher PermissionsmaybesoughtdirectlyfromElsevier’sScience&TechnologyRightsDepartmentin Oxford,UK:phone(+44)(0)1865843830;fax(+44)(0)1865853333;email:permissions@elsevier. com. AlternativelyyoucansubmityourrequestonlinebyvisitingtheElsevierwebsiteathttp:// www.elsevier.com/locate/permissions,andselectingObtainingpermissiontouseElseviermaterial Notice Noresponsibilityisassumedbythepublisherforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsorpropertyas amatterofproductsliability,negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuseoroperationofanymethods, products, instructionsorideascontainedinthematerialherein. Becauseofrapidadvancesinthe medicalsciences, inparticular, independentverificationofdiagnosesanddrugdosagesshouldbe made LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary ISBN:978-0-444-53007-3 ISSN:0924-8099 ForinformationonallElsevierpublications visitourwebsiteatbooks.elsevier.com PrintedandboundinTheNetherlands 07 08 09 10 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ÉCOLE DE PHYSIQUE DES HOUCHES Serviceinter-universitairecommun àl’UniversitéJoseph Fourier deGrenoble etàl’InstitutNationalPolytechniquedeGrenoble SubventionnéparleMinistèredel’ÉducationNationale, del’EnseignementSupérieuretdelaRecherche, leCentreNationaldelaRechercheScientifique, leCommissariatàl’ÉnergieAtomique Membresduconseild’administration: FaridOuabdesselam(président),PaulJacquet(vice-président),JacquesDeportes, CécileDeWitt,ThérèseEncrenaz,BertrandFourcade,LucFrappat,Jean-François Joanny,MichèleLeduc,Jean-YvesMarzin,GiorgioParisi,EvaPebay-Peyroula, Michel Peyrard, Luc Poggioli, Jean-Paul Poirier, François Weiss, Jean Zinn- Justin Directeur: JeanDalibard,LaboratoireKastlerBrossel,Paris,France DirecteursscientifiquesdelasessionLXXXVI: FrancisBernardeau,ServicedePhysiqueThéorique,CEA-Saclay,France Christophe Grojean, Service de Physique Théorique, CEA-Saclay, France and CERN-TH,Geneva,Switzerland Previous sessions I 1951 Quantummechanics.Quantumfieldtheory II 1952 Quantummechanics.Statisticalmechanics.Nuclearphysics III 1953 Quantummechanics.Solidstatephysics.Statisticalmechanics. Elementaryparticlephysics IV 1954 Quantummechanics.Collisiontheory.Nucleon–nucleoninteraction. Quantumelectrodynamics V 1955 Quantum mechanics. Non equilibrium phenomena. Nuclear reactions. Interactionofanucleuswithatomicandmolecularfields VI 1956 Quantumperturbationtheory.Lowtemperaturephysics. Quantumtheoryofsolids.Ferromagnetism VII 1957 Scatteringtheory.Recentdevelopmentsinfieldtheory. Nuclearandstronginteractions.Experimentsinhighenergyphysics VIII 1958 Themanybodyproblem IX 1959 Thetheoryofneutralandionizedgases X 1960 Elementaryparticlesanddispersionrelations XI 1961 Lowtemperaturephysics XII 1962 Geophysics;theearth’senvironment XIII 1963 Relativitygroupsandtopology XIV 1964 Quantumopticsandelectronics XV 1965 Highenergyphysics XVI 1966 Highenergyastrophysics XVII 1967 Manybodyphysics XVIII 1968 Nuclearphysics XIX 1969 Physicalproblemsinbiologicalsystems XX 1970 Statisticalmechanicsandquantumfieldtheory XXI 1971 Particlephysics XXII 1972 Plasmaphysics XXIII 1972 Blackholes XXIV 1973 Fluidsdynamics XXV 1973 Molecularfluids XXVI 1974 Atomicandmolecularphysicsandtheinterstellarmatter XXVII 1975 Frontiersinlaserspectroscopy XXVIII 1975 Methodsinfieldtheory XXIX 1976 Weakandelectromagneticinteractionsathighenergy XXX 1977 Nuclearphysicswithheavyionsandmesons XXXI 1978 Illcondensedmatter XXXII 1979 Membranesandintercellularcommunication XXXIII 1979 Physicalcosmology XXXIV 1980 Laserplasmainteraction XXXV 1980 Physicsofdefects XXXVI 1981 Chaoticbehaviourofdeterministicsystems XXXVII 1981 Gaugetheoriesinhighenergyphysics XXXVIII 1982 Newtrendsinatomicphysics XXXIX 1982 Recentadvancesinfieldtheoryandstatisticalmechanics XL 1983 Relativity,groupsandtopology XLI 1983 Birthandinfancyofstars XLII 1984 Cellularandmolecularaspectsofdevelopmentalbiology XLIII 1984 Criticalphenomena,randomsystems,gaugetheories XLIV 1985 Architectureoffundamentalinteractionsatshortdistances XLV 1985 Signalprocessing XLVI 1986 Chanceandmatter XLVII 1986 Astrophysicalfluiddynamics XLVIII 1988 Liquidsatinterfaces XLIX 1988 Fields,stringsandcriticalphenomena L 1988 Oceanographicandgeophysicaltomography LI 1989 Liquids,freezingandglasstransition LII 1989 Chaosandquantumphysics LIII 1990 Fundamentalsystemsinquantumoptics LIV 1990 Supernovae LV 1991 Particlesinthenineties LVI 1991 StronglyinteractingfermionsandhighTcsuperconductivity LVII 1992 Gravitationandquantizations LVIII 1992 Progressinpictureprocessing LIX 1993 Computationalfluiddynamics LX 1993 Cosmologyandlargescalestructure LXI 1994 Mesoscopicquantumphysics LXII 1994 Fluctuatinggeometriesinstatisticalmechanicsandquantumfieldtheory LXIII 1995 Quantumfluctuations LXIV 1995 Quantumsymmetries LXV 1996 Fromcelltobrain LXVI 1996 Trendsinnuclearphysics,100yearslater LXVII 1997 ModelingtheEarth’sClimateanditsVariability LXVIII 1997 ProbingtheStandardModelofParticleInteractions LXIX 1998 Topologicalaspectsoflowdimensionalsystems LXX 1998 Infraredspaceastronomy,todayandtomorrow LXXI 1999 Theprimordialuniverse LXXII 1999 Coherentatomicmatterwaves LXXIII 2000 Atomicclustersandnanoparticles LXXIV 2000 Newtrendsinturbulence LXXV 2001 Physicsofbio-moleculesandcells LXXVI 2001 Unityfromduality:Gravity,gaugetheoryandstrings LXXVII 2002 Slowrelaxationsandnonequilibriumdynamicsincondensedmatter LXXVIII 2002 Accretiondiscs,jetsandhighenergyphenomenainastrophysics LXXIX 2003 QuantumEntanglementandInformationProcessing LXXX 2003 MethodsandModelsinNeurophysics LXXXI 2004 Nanophysics:CoherenceandTransport LXXXII 2004 MultipleaspectsofDNAandRNA LXXXIII 2005 MathematicalStatisticalPhysics LXXXIV 2005 ParticlePhysicsbeyondtheStandardModel LXXXV 2006 ComplexSystems Publishers: - SessionVIII:Dunod,Wiley,Methuen - SessionsIXandX:Herman,Wiley - SessionXI:GordonandBreach,PressesUniversitaires - SessionsXII–XXV:GordonandBreach - SessionsXXVI–LXVIII:NorthHolland - SessionLXIX–LXXVIII:EDPSciences,Springer - SessionLXXIX–LXXXV:Elsevier Organizers BERNARDEAU Francis, Service de Physique Théorique, CEA Saclay, Orme desMerisiers,91191GifsurYvette,France GROJEANChristophe,ServicedePhysiqueThéorique,CEASaclay,Ormedes Merisiers, 91191Gif sur Yvette, Franceand Physics Department, Theory Unit, CERN,1211Geneva23,Switzerland DALIBARDJean,LaboratoireKastlerBrossel,Écolenormalesupérieure,75231 Pariscedex05,France ix
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