Part III

266 Pages·2017·17.2 MB·English

Course 6 Waste Management as Project
Management and GIS
PG Diploma in
Waste Management & Environmental Hygiene

Mahatma Gandhi National Council of Rural Education
Hyderabad - 500004
Foreword
Manifold increase in quality of life and high percentage of consumption of resources has resulted in
unexpected and negative impact on the urban environment. Cities face the gigantic task of managing huge
amount of wastes generated on a day-to-day basis, the rising costs, safe disposal technology and
methodology and the terrible impact of waste both locally and globally. There is a need for a paradigm
shift in the approach of waste disposal to waste processing and waste recycling by involving public-private
partnerships with the ultimate aim of waste minimization. Global demand for waste management is
increasing due to new legal requirements and urbanization.
A typical waste project management would include the following - establishing functional waste
management units; developing strategic master plans and feasibility studies; designing documents; supply
and work contract management; supervising construction/implementation; providing support to
authorities/companies on system operations; and monitoring and evaluating the project for due
successful completion.
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are sophisticated modern technologies to capture, store,
manipulate, analyze and display spatial data into thematic layers of digital maps. GIS along with Global
Positioning System – GPS and Remote Sensing – RS assist in the recording of spatial data and the direct
use of these data for analysis and cartographic representation. The most widespread application of GIS in
waste management is in landfill siting, optimizing waste collection and transport, estimating solid waste
generation, and waste generation forecasting at the local level.
This course on Waste Management as Project Management and GIS is suitable for students of all streams -
Commerce, Humanities, Science, Management, Journalism, Mass Media, Healthcare services (B Pharm,
Social Work), Education, and Engineering. The extent of environmental damage and the innovations in
combating the issues require scientific understanding of the subject.
The subject has vast possibilities and several interlinking themes. There is extensive scope to explore and
experience different aspects of sanitation, pollution, environmental hygiene and waste management
during classroom learning, practical experiments in field and laboratory, internship and dissertation.
There is a sea of opportunity in this field of waste management and environmental hygiene, and an urgent
need of skilled as well as dedicated workers to make our country clean and green.
Nature has interlinked realms. Similarly, subjects dealt in this course cannot be compartmentalized. They
necessarily have to merge with one another. It is therefore important that students try to make these
linkages in their minds rather than treating subjects in isolation. Students can make the most of this
learning opportunity as they prepare to launch their careers in a field that holds great premise.
Dr. W G Prasanna Kumar
Chairman, MGNCRE

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Acknowledgement
This Post Graduate Diploma course on Waste Management and Environmental Hygiene is a cumulative
effort of several sincere and committed visionaries and academicians. Envisioned by Shri VLVSS Subba
Rao, Senior Economic Advisor, MHRD, the curriculum took shape under his keen guidance.
The sincerity with which the course curriculum was completed and published can be assessed from the
fact that a prior National Consultation Workshop was held with several subject matter experts and
academicians across the country, to review the contents of the course material.
The workshop was held to familiarize Central, State and Private Universities, local and social bodies with
the contents of the curriculum and to discuss and share feedback on ways to improve the course
curriculum. The workshop also focused on building industry–academia partnerships in Waste
Management and Environmental Hygiene through an intellectual interaction. The findings and inputs of
the consultation were subsequently incorporated in the course material.

Special gratitude and thanks to
Shri VLVSS Subba Rao, Senior Economic Advisor, MHRD, GoI
Shri S A Khader, Retd Joint Director,Commissioner & Director ofMunicipal Administration, GoAP
Dr. B Madhusudan Rao, Joint Chief Environmental Engineer, AP Pollution Control Board, Vijayawada
Ms. Anita Antoo, Operations Manager, Apollo Hospital, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad
Shri S N Umakanth, Sr. Manager, ITC Well-being Out of Waste (WOW) Project
Shri Siva Subbarayudu Kasturi, Kama Consulting Group
Shri Muthu Kumaraswamy Maganti, Principal Consultant, CB, IEBC Strategy
Mr. M. Goutham Reddy, MD & CEO, Ramky Enviro Engineers Limited
Major Shiv Kiran, Consultant, Centre for Urban Governance and Environment, ASCI, Hyderabad
And the participants including facultyfromCentral, State& PrivateUniversities,IITs,NITs,Govt/Local
Bodies -
Dr. Hirok Chaudhuri, Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Physics, NIT Durgapur
Dr. G. Praveena Bai, NSS Coordinator, Head, Dept. of Hindi, Telangana University
Dr. Nidhi Saxena, Asst. Prof., Dept. of Law, NSS Coordinator, Sikkim University
Dr. T. Shashidhar, Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Civil Engineering IIT Hyderabad
Prof. Smita Jha, Prof., Dept. of Humanities and Social Sciences IIT Roorkee
Dr. Sujata Ray, Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Earth Sciences, IISER Kolkata
Dr. ArundhutiGhatak, Asst. Prof., Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, IISER Bhopal
Dr. Rajesh Chatterjee, Asst. Prof., & NSS Coordinator, Dept. of Tribal and Ethnic Studies, Tripura University
Dr. Shivaji Ramchandra Pacharane, Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Geography, S. P. Pune University
Prof. Jyoti Kumar Sharma, Prof. & Head, Center for Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Shiv Nadar University
Dr. Jastin Samuel, Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Bio Engg. and Bio Sciences, Lovely Professional University
Dr. Efthikar Ahmed B., Asst. Prof., Dept. of English and Comparative Literature, Central University of Kerala
Dr. Vivek Singh, Asst. Prof. & NSS Officer, Dept. of Education, Rajiv Gandhi University, Arunachal Pradesh
Dr. Naga Chaitanya Kavuri, Assoc. Dean (Waste Management) & Asst. Prof., Dept. of Civil Engg., KL University
Dr. S. Sankar, Prof. & Head, Dept. of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai
Dr Pravin Dange, Head, Dept. of Academics, Symbiosis International University, Pune
Dr. ManikprabhuDhanorkar, Dy. Head, Dept. of Symbiosis Centre for Waste Resource Management, Pune
Prof. ChannaveerRachayya, Dean & Head, Dept. of Social Work, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Central University
of Karnataka
Shri SrikarJammalamadaka, VP, PalleSrujana Voluntary Organisation/Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra
Dr. SoamiSatsangee, Prof., Dept of University Sustainable Innovation Centre (USIC), Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra
C6 - WASTE MANAGEMENT AS PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND GIS iii MGNCRE
Dr. V S Ramachandran, Sr. Asst. Prof., Centre for Environmental Studies, Amrita Viswa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore
Dr. Anand Sharma, Assoc. Prof. & Head, Dept. of Management Studies, Central University of Haryana
Prof. Anil Dutt Vyas, Prof., Dept. of Civil Engineering (Environmental Engineering), Manipal University, Jaipur
Dr. M V S SGiridhar, Assoc. Prof., Centre for Water Resources, JNTU, Hyderabad

Sincere thanks to writers/editors/illustrators - Ms. Archana Waran, Dr. Prachi P, Dr. Ananthavalli Ramesh,
Dr. Rekha KN, Ms. Archana Sonti, Ms. G. Vani Jagadiswari, Mr. Murali Ramaswamy, Ms. Anasuya V, Ms.
Padma J, Mr. Sivaram G, and MGNCRE team members who have contributed to bring out this curriculum.
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Contents
Objectives and Introduction

Chapter 1 Overview of Waste and Resource
1.1 Knowing Waste
1.2 Waste management: Scenario in India and abroad
1.3 Managing waste
1.4 Waste management in India
1.5 Scientific waste management

Chapter 2 Conception of Project
2.1 Sustainable development goals and waste management connect
2.2 Context based approaches of managing wastes
2.3 Project Management – Conception and Approach
2.4 Project Management – Planning, Build-up, Implementation and closeout design and development

Chapter 3 Changing Waste Market Survey
3.1 Changing Scenarios
3.2 Waste Markets – Recycling trends and Status in India
3.3 Circular Economy – Market linkages and waste management credits perspective
3.4 Technological management and interventions

Chapter 4 Practices and Innovation
4.1 Practices and innovation in waste management
4.2 Common Waste Management Practices & Strategies – CAMS, CMS
4.3 Management, mitigation, monitoring and verification – NAMAs
4.4 Backup services and technological innovation

Chapter 5 Skill Development and Job Opportunities

5.1 Skill development and job opportunities
5.2. Opportunities in waste management sector and addressing redundancy
5.3. Contracting and sub-contracting, Out-sourcing and in-sourcing
5.4. Demand Management

Chapter 6 Project Management of Waste

6.1 Waste Management Plan – Costing/Affordability, market requirement
6.2 PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique), CPM (Critical Path Method)
6.3 Application of GIS in Solid Waste Management
6.4 GPS and GIS based approach of managing wastes

References

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List of Tables
2.1 Project Management -Planning, Build-up Implementation and Close out Design and Development
4.1 Waste Management Practices by Income Level
4.2 Waste Management Monitoring Objective
4.3 Key Performance Indicator
4.4 Waste Management Issues, Responsibility and Verification
4.5 Waste Management – Measuring Progress Goals
4.6 Waste Management – Reporting
4.7 Waste Management – Verification
4.8 ICT and Non ICT –Enabled Waste Management Snapshot
5.1 Education, Green Jobs and Training
5.2 Green skills, Training, Sustainability and Waste Management
6.1 Estimated Solid Waste Management Cost 2010 and 2050
6.2 Costing Structure
6.3 Operation Cost Structure in Project Waste Management
6.4 SWOT Analysis
6.5 Example of Gantt chart – Waste Management Campaign and Event
List of Figures
1.1 Waste can be a resource
1.2 Solid waste management in India
1.3 Dry waste segregation at DRCC
2.1 Schematic Representation of Waste Management Project Concept Hierarchy
2.2 Schematic Representation of Life cycle based approach
2.3 Schematic Representation of Waste to Value Creation Concept
2.4 Project Management Conception – Waste Management Hierarchy
2.5 Project Management Checkpoints
2.6 Four Phases of Project Management
3.1 Schematic Representation of Waste Markets Attribute
3.2 Waste Management – Basis of Defining Waste Markets
3.3 Waste Generation Volume, India 2015-2016
3.4 Recycling in % waste generation
3.5 Linear and Circular Economy
3.6 Market linkages in circular economy – source: company interviews, resource revolution
4.1 Framework practices possible hierarchy based on Baud et al. (2001)
4.2 Waste management solutions to low income groups snapshot
5.1 Global Trends in Waste Sector
5.2 Job Opportunities in Waste Management
5.3 Delivering Good Practice Waste Minimization and Management
6.1 Lean Wastes
6.2 Costing and Affordability in Project Waste Management
6.3 Work Flow Concept of GPS and GIS
6.4 Smart waste bin sensors
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Objectives
• To orient in project management techniques to create a successful business/manager of
waste
• To understand waste and assess the waste management practices in India
Rationale
Waste management and environmental hygiene is the need of the hour and needs to be
addressed across all sectors and communities. The course on Waste Management and
Environmental Hygiene gives the student an overview of waste management including collection,
transfer, transport, and disposal along with methods of processing, basic disposal facilities,
disposal options, recycling, project management and GIS applications, reclamation and
remediation, entrepreneurship and job opportunities in waste sector. In addition, this course
provides the student with relevant information about waste markets, recycling trends, cost and
affordability of waste management practices, and incentive based concepts. This course is
therefore essential for the students who wish to pursue a career in waste sector as moving ahead,
waste management will become an infrastructural necessity.

Competency
The course will be taught and implemented with the objective to develop required skills sets in the
students so that they are able to acquire following competencies: Plan segregation, collection,
transportation, recycling and disposal of wastes, know recycling trends and available waste
markets, acquire skill development and know the scope and entrepreneurship opportunities in the
waste management sector.

Methodology
The theory will be taught and practicality of the course will be addressed through questionnaires,
self-assessment and dissertation. The course will be through class room lectures, guest lectures,
field visits, audio – video learning mode, brainstorming sessions, seminars and Q&A, and case
studies on Mapping of Waste and Wastewater management. A lecture series will strengthen
students’ understanding of waste management which will help in acquiring different learning
outcomes in rational and theory to practice approach. Competency that will be gained as part of
course outcome includes - understanding, learning, applying and implementing skills, knowing
career prospects in waste management sector, and internship and placement opportunities.
Topics Covered
• Conception of Project
• Changing Waste Market Survey Market linkages
• Technology Management, Common Waste Management
• Redundancy, Backup Service Technological Innovation
• Contracting, Sub Contracting
• Out-Sourcing, In-sourcing
• Demand Management PERT, CPM, MBO Gantt Chart (Trend analysis: Statistics) Mapping of
Resource, GPS and GIS
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Waste Management as Project Management and GIS – An Introduction

Waste management is considered as one of the most immediate and serious environmental problems
confronting municipal authorities in developing countries. A successful waste management programme
needs to provide hygienic, efficient and economic collection, transportation and disposal of waste without
polluting the atmosphere. To ensure this standard management system GIS can be used as an effective tool
in selecting suitable disposal sites and identifying the optimum routes for transportation. Environmental
safety criteria and attributes will enable the wastes to be isolated without posing any risk to the
environment.
GIS provides an opportunity to integrate spatial, aspatial data and other relevant data to select suitable
disposal sites and identifies optimum routes for transportation of waste. GIS acts as an important decision
support system.The aim of having a project management and GIS curriculum is to make the students
understand how the concepts of waste management can be brought into practice.
During the course work the students will have the opportunity to interact with varied stakeholders to discuss
the issues on waste management through a questionnaire survey included in the chapters. This interaction
will help the students to understand the ground scenario and provide value based information for decision
makers and also students too will be able to provide innovative solutions. The course shall also provide
information on the employment opportunities in waste market sector. The course is a combination of
lectures, online tutorials/audio-video sessions, seminars, problem based learning, assignments, field works
and project work.This course will have field visits to understand the real issues in the real world and how the
waste management practices are being implemented in rural areas. The field visits include visit to collection
centers, transport facilities, dumping sites,and oversee sorting process, and recycling.The course also includes
industry visit to see how the entire supply chain of waste handling and management happens. It will give
insights on sustainability, product life cycle assessment and good practices of an industry in producing more
from less.
Using the findings of the waste audit as a baseline plan, a full waste project plan can be implemented with all
the tasks and objectives listed with achievable timescales and realistic costs. A dedicated waste project
manager can use available internal and external resources to ensure that the waste project management is
completed on time within budget, coordinate all waste project management meetings and subsequently
prepare the project report.

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