Parliamentary Power in Russia, 1994–2001: President Vs Parliament PDF
Preview Parliamentary Power in Russia, 1994–2001: President Vs Parliament
Parliamentary Power in Russia, 1994–2001 President vs Parliament Tiffany A. Troxel St Antony’s Series General Editor: Richard Clogg(1999–), Fellow of St Antony’s College, Oxford Recent titles include: Tiffany A. Troxel PARLIAMENTARY POWER IN RUSSIA, 1994–2001 President vs Parliament Elvira María Restrepo THE COLOMBIAN JUDICIARY IN CRISIS Fear and Distrust Julie M. Newton RUSSIA, FRANCE AND THE IDEA OF EUROPE Ilaria Favretto THE LONG SEARCH FOR A THIRD WAY The British Labour Party and the Italian Left Since 1945 Lawrence Tal POLITICS, THE MILITARY, AND NATIONAL SECURITY IN JORDAN, 1955–1967 Louise Haagh and Camilla Helgø (editors) SOCIAL POLICY REFORM AND MARKET GOVERNANCE IN LATIN AMERICA Gayil Talshir THE POLITICAL IDEOLOGY OF GREEN PARTIES From the Politics of Nature to Redefining the Nature of Politics E. K. 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Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England Parliamentary Power in Russia, 1994–2001 President vs Parliament Tiffany A. Troxel in association with St Antony’s College, Oxford © Tiffany A.Troxel 2003 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2003 978-0-333-99283-8 All rights reserved.No reproduction,copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced,copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright,Designs and Patents Act 1988,or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency,90 Tottenham Court Road,London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright,Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2003 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills,Basingstoke,Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue,New York,N.Y.10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St.Martin’s Press,LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States,United Kingdom and other countries.Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-43175-5 ISBN 978-0-230-50573-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230505735 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Troxel,Tiffany A.,1975– Parliamentary power in Russia,1994–2001:president vs parliament/ Tiffany A.Troxel. p.cm.– (St.Antony’s series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978- 0–333–99283–0 (cloth) 1.Russia (Federation).Federal§’oe Sobranie.Gosudarstvennaëì Duma.2.Legislative bodies – Russia (Federation).3.Representative government and representation – Russia (Federation).4.Russia (Federation) – Politics and government – 1991– I.Title.II.St Antony’s series (Palgrave Macmillan (Firm)) JN6697.8 .T76 2002 328.47—dc21 2002028746 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 To my parents, Richard Earl and Kathy Ann Troxel This page intentionally left blank Contents List of Tables xi List of Figures xiii Preface xv 1 Introduction: Theoretical Models of Neo-Institutionalism and the Problem of the Russian Case 1 Research questions and hypotheses 3 Theoretical importance 5 Neo-institutionalism 6 Problems with the neo-institutionalist literature 7 Regime type defined 14 Structure of legislative and executive institutions in Russia 15 Methodology: analytical models 16 Chapter outline 17 2 Constitutional Powers of the Russian Presidency and Parliament: the 1993 Russian Constitution 20 Evaluating constitutional powers: theoretical review 20 A model for evaluating the constitutional powers of presidents and parliaments 24 Legislative powers 24 Non-legislative powers 29 Powers of the president and parliament and regime type 31 The model of constitutional powers applied to Russia 33 Constitutional powers of the Russian President 34 Constitutional powers of Russia’s Parliament 36 Constitutional provisions for amending the Russian Constitution 40 Summary 42 3 Powers Inherent in the Structural Design of the Russian Presidency and Parliament 43 Definitions of political regimes based on structural factors 44 Political parties in Russia 45 Legislative and executive committees 58 The Chamber 73 Conclusions 76 viii Contents 4 Actual Legislative Powers of the Russian President and Parliament: Parliamentary Laws versus Presidential Decrees 77 Actual powers: theories and significance 78 The actual powers of the Russian President: decree power 79 The actual powers of the Russian Parliament: parliamentary laws 83 Case study on the ratification of the START II Treaty 86 Laws versus decrees 88 Conclusions 90 5 Vetoing and Overriding Vetoes on Legislation in Russia 91 Constitutional powers of the Russian President and Parliament in vetoing legislation 92 Veto power from 1994 to 1995 92 Veto power from 1996 to 1999 94 Conclusions regarding the use of vetoes versus veto overrides 103 6 Actual Non-Legislative Powers of the Russian President and Parliament: Cabinet Formation and Dismissal 105 Constitutional powers of the Russian President, Prime Minister and State Duma in the Government’s composition 106 The actual powers of the Russian President and Duma in the Government’s composition 109 A new Government: the President’s nominations and Duma’s acceptance and rejection 126 Conclusions: confrontation or cooperation in the formation and dismissal of the Government 131 7 Budgetary Powers: the Power Struggle between the Executive and Legislature 134 Constitutional powers of the Russian executive and legislature in the budgetary process 135 The Russian Government’s role in the budgetary process 136 The Duma’s power to influence the annual federal Budget 138 The Council of the Federation’s power in the budgetary process 151 The Russian President’s power in the budgetary process 154 The case of the 1997 Budget 157 Budget implementation: is it actually enacted? 159 Conclusions 162 Contents ix 8 Conclusions: Parliamentary Power and the Democratic Transition and Consolidation Process in Russia 165 Parliamentary and Presidential powers: results and trends 165 Neo-institutionalism and democratic transition and consolidation 168 Regime type and democratic consolidation 170 Further work 173 Conclusions 174 9 Postscript: Parliamentary Power in Russia from May 1999 to January 2001 176 Structural powers 177 Actual powers 193 Conclusions: progress toward democracy? 201 Notes 203 Bibliography 231 Index 247
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