Table Of Content

P A R K I NG STRUCTURES PLANNING, DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR T h i rd E d i t i on P A R K I NG STRUCTURES PLANNING, DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR T h i rd E d i t i on Anthony P. Chrest Mary S. Smith Sam Bhuyan Mohammad Iqbal Donald R. Monahan w Springer Science+Business Media, LLC Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Parking structures: planning, design, construction, maintenance, and repair/ Anthony P. Chrest...[et al.].—3rd ed. p.cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-4613-5623-3 ISBN 978-1-4615-1577-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-1577-7 1. Parking garages—Design and construction—Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Chrest, Anthony P. TL 175 .C48 2000 690'.538—dc21 00-046285 Copyright © 2001 Springer Science+Business Media New York. Third Printing 2004. Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publisher in 2001 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 3rd edition 2001 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photo copying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC Printed on acid-free paper. To our colleagues at Walker Parking ConsultantslEngineers, Inc., All of who have helped make this book possible. Please visit the Walker Parking Consultants/Engineers, Inc. website at www.walkerparking.com This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered; nevertheless, it is sold with the understanding that the authors and publishers are not engaged in rendering professional advice or services to the reader. The material in this publication is obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but the publishers and authors are not responsible for any errors or omissions. Before application of any of the materials set forth herein, seek the services of a competent professional. CONTENTS List of Figures xiii List of Tables xxv Preface xxix Acknowledgements xxix Authors xxx 1 INTRODUCTION Anthony P. Chrest 1.1 Background 1.2 Purpose 1.3 Parking Structure Peculiarities 1.4 Organization of the Book 2 PLANNING FOR STRUCTURED PARKING 7 Mary S. Smith 2.1 Introduction 2.2 How Many Spaces Are Needed? 2.3 The cost of Parking 2.4 Evaluation of Parking Options 2.5 Conclusion 3 FUNCTIONAL DESIGN 37 Mary S. Smith 3.1 Introduction 3.2 The Level-of-Service Approach 3.3 Circulation Systems 3.4 Parking Geometrics 3.5 Flow Capacity Considerations 3.6 Pedestrian Flow Capacity 3.7 Putting It All Together Vlll 3.8 Summary 3.9 References Appendix Case Study 4 ACCESS DESIGN 103 Mary S. Smith 4.1 Introduction 4.2 PARC Systems 4.3 Cost-Effectiveness: Choosing the Right System 4.4 Determining Lane requirements 4.5 References Appendix Case Study 5 BUILDING CODES 153 Mary S. Smith 5.1 What Codes Apply? 5.2 Life Safety Issues 5.3 Basic Issues 5.4 Fire Protection Systems 5.5 Means of Egress 5.6 Ventilation 5.7 Sanitation 5.8 Guardrails and Vehicular Barriers 5.9 Other 5.10 References Appendix Case Study 6 SECURITY 247 Mary S. Smith 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Crime in Parking Facilities 6.3 The Security Audit 6.4 Design Features 6.5 Summary 6.6 References ix 7 SAFETY 267 Donald R. Monahan 7.1 Pedestrian Safety 7.2 Vehicle Safety 7.3 Summary 7.4 References 8 MECHANICAL ACCESS PARKING STRUCTURES 281 Donald R. Monahan 8.1 History 8.2 Types of Mechanical Parking Systems 8.3 Operational Issues 8.4 Design Issues 8.5 Cost Issues 8.6 Summary 8.7 References 9 LIGHTING 299 Donald R. Monahan 9.1 Basic Concepts 9.2 Lighting Design Issues 9.3 Summary 9.4 References 10 SIGNAGE 333 Mary S. Smith 10.1 What Must Be Communicated? 10.2 Graphics 10.3 Construction Details 10.4 Floor Arrows and Stall Striping 10.5 References x 11 ACCESSIBLE PARKING DESIGN 359 Mary S. Smith 11.1 Introduction to ADA 11.2 Parking Design under ADAAG 11.3 Summary 11.4 References 12 STRUCTURE 417 Anthony P. Chrest 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Design 12.3 Structural System Selection 12.4 Volume-Change Effects 12.5 Problem Areas 12.6 Summary 13 PLAZA DECK SYSTEMS 481 Sam Bhuyan 13.1 Introduction 13.2 General 13.3 Protected Membrane Systems 13.4 Plaza Deck System Components 13.5 Plaza Deck System Design Considerations 13.6 Summary 14 SEISMIC DESIGN 511 Mohammad Iqbal 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Causes of Structural Failure 14.3 Code Design Philosophy 14.4 Lateral Force Resisting Components 14.5 Floor and Ramp systems 14.6 Ramp Trusses 14.7 Moment Frames 14.8 Shearwalls 14.9 Structural System Selection 14.10 Case Histories 14.11 References 15 DESIGNING FOR DURABILITY 547 Anthony P. Chrest 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Built-In Protection Systems 15.3 Exterior Protection Systems 15.4 Summary 16 SPECIFICA TlONS 573 Anthony P. Chrest 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Communication 16.3 Performance Specifications 16.4 Specification Production 16.5 Division 1 16.6 Division 3 16.7 Keeping Current 16.8 Summary 17 CONSTRUCTION 585 Anthony P. Chrest 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Communication 17.3 Buildable Details 17.4 Construction Sequence 17.5 Site Visits 17.6 Precast Concrete Plant Visits 17.7 Summary 17.8 Transition Appendix 17-1 Guidelines for Field Observations for a Cast-In-Place Unbonded Post-tensioned Concrete Parking Structure Appendix 17-2 Field Observation Guidelines for a Precast Concrete Structure Appendix 17-3 Checklist for a Precast Concrete Plant Visit 18 MAINTENANCE 611 Sam Bhuyan 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Recommended Maintenance Program and Checklist 18.3 Cost of Maintenance Appendix 18-1 Chloride Monitoring Chart Appendix 18-2 Parking Maintenance Tasks and Recommended Frequencies Appendix 18-3 Annual Structural Checklists Appendix 18-4 Sample Annual Condition Survey Summary 19 REPAIR INVESTIGATION 651 Sam Bhuyan 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Approach to Restoring a Parking Structure 19.3 Concrete Deterioration 19.4 Condition Appraisal Appendix 19-1 Condition Appraisal forms 20 REPAIR - IMPLEMENTATION 761 Sam Bhuyan 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Repair Methods 20.3 Repair Materials 20.4 Selection of Repair Approach and Method 20.5 Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Repair Alternatives 20.6 Repair Documents and Construction Issues 20.7 Maintenance Program INDEX 827