Paradigm Found: Archaeological Theory - Present, Past and Future. Essays in Honour of Evzen Neustupny

301 Pages·2015·3.31 MB·English

by  Kristian Kristiansen

Paradigm Found

Paradigm Found
Archaeological Theory
Present, Past And Future
Essays in Honour of Evžen neustupný
edited by
Kristian Kristiansen, Ladislav Šmejda
and Jan Turek
Oxbow Books
Oxford & Philadelphia
Published in the United Kingdom in 2015 by
OXBOW BOOKS
10 Hythe Bridge Street, Oxford OX1 2EW
and in the United States by
OXBOW BOOKS
908 Darby Road, Havertown, PA 19083
© Oxbow Books and the individual contributors 2015
Hardcover Edition: ISBN 978-1-78297-770-4
Digital Edition: ISBN 978-178297-771-1
A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Paradigm found : archaeological theory present, past and future : essays in honour of Ev?en Neus-
tupn? / edited by Kristian Kristiansen, Ladislav ?mejda and Jan Turek.
1 online resource.
Includes bibliographical references.
Description based on print version record and CIP data provided by publisher; resource not
viewed.
ISBN 978-1-78297-771-1 (epub) -- ISBN 978-1-78297-772-8 (prc) -- ISBN 978-1-78297-
773-5 ( pdf) -- ISBN 978-1-78297-770-4 (hardcover) 1. Archaeology--Philosophy. 2. Archae-
ology--Methodology. 3. Antiquities, Prehistoric. 4. Prehistoric peoples. 5. Neustupn?, Ev?en.
6. Europe--Antiquities. I. Kristiansen, Kristian, 1948- II. ?mejda, Ladislav. III. Turek, Jan. IV.
Neustupn?, Ev?en.
CC72
930.1--dc23
2015005415
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage
and retrieval system, without permission from the publisher in writing.
Printed in the Malta by The Melita Press
For a complete list of Oxbow titles, please contact:
UNITED KINGDOM UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Oxbow Books Oxbow Books
Telephone [phone] Telephone [phone]
Fax [phone] Fax [phone]
Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]
www.oxbowbooks.com www.casemateacademic.com/oxbow
Oxbow Books is part of the Casemate group
Front cover: Portrait of an Old Jew (oil on canvas), Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn (1606–69).
Hermitage, St. Petersburg, Russia/Bridgeman Images
ConTEnTS
Contributors vii
1. Evžen neustupný – Paradigm Found 1
Kristian Kristiansen, Ladislav Šmejda and Jan Turek
PART I
ConTEmPorarY diSCourSES in arCHaEoLogiCaL THEorY
2. Scientia, Society, and Polydactyl Knowledge:
archaeology as a creative science 6
Timothy Darvill
3. Beyond Theoretical archaeology: a manifesto for reconstructing
interpretation in archaeology 24
John Bintliff
4. The Environment of Social Evolution 36
John C. Barrett
5. Conceptual Crossroads: Community and society in prehistory 47
Ladislav Šmejda and Monika Baumanová
6. archaeologies of Space: an inquiry into modes of existence of Xscapes 61
Felipe Criado-Boado
7. ‘Paradigm lost’ – on the State of Typology within archaeological Theory 84
Marie Louise Stig Sørensen
8. The demons of Comparison: archaeological classification
vs classificatory terminology 95
Timothy Taylor
PART II
PaST and FuTurE dirECTionS
9. The ‘annales’ School, ‘la nouvelle histoire’ and Polish archaeology 108
Stanisław Tabaczyński
vi Contents
10. Binford in the Balkans: introduction of theoretical archaeology
in Slovenia and countries of former Yugoslavia 124
Predrag Novaković
11. mainstream and minority archaeologies. The case of the beginnings
of Polish bioarchaeology 137
Arkadiusz Marciniak
12. How We Have Come to do archaeology the Way(s) We do:
a meta-critique of current archaeological discursive formation 147
Koji Mizoguchi
13. Which archaeology does the modern World need? 156
Zbigniew Kobyliński
14. Paradigm Lost: The rise, fall and eventual recovery of paradigms
in archaeology 167
Ezra B. W. Zubrow
15. archaeology and Politics in the Twenty-first Century: Still Faustian
but not much of a bargain 177
Bettina Arnold
PART III
THinKing PrEHiSTorY
16. Prehistoric mind in Context: an essay on possible roots
of ancient Egyptian civilisation 186
Miroslav Bárta
17. Eight million neolithic Europeans: Social demography and social
archaeology on the scope of change – from the near East to Scandinavia 200
Johannes Müller
18. Threads of neolithic Household Cloth Production at Bronocice 215
Marie-Lorraine Pipes, Janusz Kruk, and Sarunas Milisauskas
19. neolithic versus Bronze age Social Formations:
a political economy approach 234
Kristian Kristiansen and Timothy Earle
20. The idea of the Eneolithic 248
Sławomir Kadrow
21. Lost and Found Paradigms: Creation of the Beaker world 263
Jan Turek
22. Categories of Settlement discard 278
Martin Kuna
ConTriBuTorS
Bettina Arnold Felipe Criado-Boado
department of anthropology, university of institute of Heritage Sciences (incipit),
Wisconsin-milwaukee, 390 Sabin Hall, 3413 Spanish national research Council, (CSiC),
n. downer ave., milwaukee, Wi 53211, uSa San roque 2, 15704 Santiago de Compostela,
[email protected] Spain
[email protected]
John C. Barrett
department of archaeology, university Timothy Darvill
of Sheffield, northgate House, West Street, department of archaeology, anthropology
S1 4ET and Forensic Science, Faculty of Science and
[email protected] Technology, Bournemouth university, Fern
Barrow, Poole, BH12 5BB
Miroslav Bárta [email protected]
Charles university in Prague, Czech institute
of Egyptology, Faculty of arts, nám. J. Timothy Earle
Palacha 2, 110 00 Prague 1, Czech republic 1810 dept of anthropology, northwestern
[email protected] university, Hinman avenue, Evanston,
iL 60208, uSa
Monika Baumanová [email protected]
department of Historical Sciences, university
of West Bohemia, univerzitni 8, 306 14 Plzeň, Sławomir Kadrow
Czech republic institute of archaeology and Ethnology, Polish
[email protected] academy of Sciences, ul. Sławkowska17,
31-016 Kraków, Poland
John Bintliff [email protected]
School of History, Classics and archaeology,
university of Edinburgh, William robertson Zbigniew Kobyliński
Wing, old medical School, Teviot Place, instytut archeologii, uniwersytet Kardynała
Edinburgh, EH8 9ag Stefana Wyszyńskiego, ul. Wóycickiego 1/3,
& 01-938 Warszawa, Poland
institute for History, Leiden university, Johan [email protected]
Huizingagebouw, doelensteeg 16, 2311 VL
Leiden, room number 0.12 Kristian Kristiansen
[email protected] institutionen för historiska studier, göteborgs
universitet, Box 100, 405 30 göteborg,
Sweden
[email protected]
viii Contributors
Janusz Kruk Ladislav Šmejda
institute of archaeology and Ethnology, Polish department of archaeology, university of
academy of Sciences, ul. Sławkowska 17, West Bohemia, univerzitní 8, 306 14 Plzeň,
31–016 Kraków, Poland Czech republic
[email protected] [email protected]
Martin Kuna Marie Louise Stig Sørensen
institute of archaeology aSCr Prague v.v.i., department of archaeology, university of
Letenská 4, 118 01 Praha 1, Czech republic Cambridge, downing Street, CB2 3dZ
[email protected] Cambridge
[email protected]
Arkadiusz Marciniak
adam mickiewicz university, ul. Św. marcin Timothy Taylor
78, 61-809 Poznań, Poland department of Prehistoric and Historical
[email protected] archaeology, university of Vienna, Franz-
Klein-gasse 1, a-1190 Vienna, austria
Sarunas Milisauskas [email protected]
department of anthropology, State university
of new York at Buffalo, Ellicott Complex, Stanisław Tabaczyński
Buffalo, nY 14261–0026, uSa institute of archaeology and Ethnology, Polish
[email protected] academy of Sciences, Więzienna 6, 50-118
Wrocław, Poland
Koji Mizoguchi [email protected]
graduate School of Social and Cultural
Studies, Kyushu university, 744 motooka, Jan Turek
nishi Ward, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan Charles university in Prague, Czech institute
[email protected] of Egyptology, Faculty of arts, nám. J.
Palacha 2, 110 00 Prague 1, Czech republic
Johannes Müller &
institute of Pre- and Protohistoric archaeology, department of archaeology, university of
Kiel university, Johanna-mestorf-Str. 2–6, West Bohemia, univerzitní 8, Plzeň, Czech
d-24098 Kiel, germany republic
[email protected] [email protected]
Predrag Novaković Ezra B. W. Zubrow
department of archaeology, university department of anthropology, university
of Ljubljana, aškerčeva 2, 1000 Ljubljana, at Buffalo, State university of new York at
Slovenia Buffalo, Capen 543, Buffalo, nY 14261-0,
[email protected] uSa
[email protected]
Marie-Lorraine Pipes
department of anthropology, State university
of new York at Buffalo, Ellicott Complex,
Buffalo, nY 14261–0026, uSa
[email protected]
1. EvžEN NEUStUPNý –
PARADIgM FOUND
Kristian Kristiansen, Ladislav Šmejda and Jan Turek
Evžen’s curriculum vitae is remarkable in several ways. One could almost say he has lived three
professional lives in one. The first started in early 1950s at the beginning of his professional
career during his studies of Egyptology and Archaeology at the Charles University in Prague.
As many young scholars of the post-war generation of Czech archaeologists did, he focused
on chronological studies based on typology. At the time his main themes were periodization
and synchronization of prehistoric cultures, their origin and absolute chronology, including
the calibration of radiocarbon dates. However, for him this was the path towards further
reconstruction of the past rather than the main aim.
As the director of the Rescue unit of the Institute of Archaeology in Most (NW
Bohemia) from 1957 to 1966 he proved his organizational skills by establishing a very
efficient heritage institution. The evenings after exhausting fieldwork he devoted to his own
theoretical research, writing his memorable Beginning of Patriarchy (1967). He also made
valuable contributions to settlement history and demography in a jointly authored book on
the Knovíz Culture with Jan Bouzek and Drahomír Koutecký from 1966. Then in 1968,
when the people of Czechoslovakia hoped for a more democratic society, the Soviet invasion
terminated all struggle for freedom. At this time Evžen had to make a very difficult decision
between emigration and a free professional career abroad, and political discrimination in his
home country. His choice was fortunate for his homeland and Czech archaeology but severe
for himself. His job in the Prague Institute of Archaeology was endangered and his position
very weak. In this difficult time he focused on various environmental methods, prehistoric
demography and subsistence, mathematical methods and programming of first computers.
He summarized his views in the Antiquity article (1971): Whither Archaeology? With no
chance for travelling across the ‘Iron Curtain’ and attending international conferences or
reading Western publications, he continued developing his own archaeological paradigm.
It was based on a similar theoretical background as the processual paradigm, but Evžen
gave it his own touch with a stronger emphasis on archaeological formation processes and
the natural sciences, as reflected in the Antiquity article.