paradigm and discourse in archaic greek poetry a dissertation submitted to the department of ...

423 Pages·2010·2.58 MB·English

PARADIGM AND DISCOURSE IN ARCHAIC GREEK POETRY
A DISSERTATION
SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF CLASSICS
AND THE COMMITTEE ON GRADUATE STUDIES
OF STANFORD UNIVERSITY
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE DEGREE OF
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
Jason Kelsey Aftosmis
June 2010
© 2010 by Jason Kelsey Aftosmis. All Rights Reserved.

Re-distributed by Stanford University under license with the author.

This dissertation is online at: http://purl.stanford.edu/cr595nv7171

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I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate
in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
Richard Martin, Primary Adviser
I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate
in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
Anastasia-Erasmia Peponi, Co-Adviser
I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate
in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
Leslie Kurke
Approved for the Stanford University Committee on Graduate Studies.
Patricia J. Gumport, Vice Provost Graduate Education
This signature page was generated electronically upon submission of this dissertation in
electronic format. An original signed hard copy of the signature page is on file in
University Archives.
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Abstract
This dissertation is a study in the style of paradeigmata (παραδείγµατα, mytho-
logical exempla, exemplary tales) in Archaic Greek poetry and wisdom discourse. Part
One comprises two corpus-based studies of Homeric poetry in terms of three linguistic
features (discourse markers, relative clauses, and register); each of these studies is fol-
lowed by a comparative study in Hesiodic poetry. Here I suggest that genealogical cata-
logue poetry known from the Hesiodic tradition is an important traditional resource for
these narratives. Part Two makes an analogous study of non-hexameter poetry from the
Archaic Period as well as wisdom discourse attributed to Aesop and the Seven Sages. In
these chapters I emphasize two strategies in particular: the creation and ‘mythologization’
of authoritative personae, and the sociocultural import of the stylistic features of ge-
nealogical catalogue in select Pindaric odes. Drawing on the findings of Part One and
Part Two, the two studies in Part Three present readings of the Iliad and Odyssey through
an analysis of how the linguistic features and themes of paradeigmata work at the level
of poetic composition.
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Table of contents
Abstract.............................................................................................................iv
Table of contents................................................................................................v
List of tables...................................................................................................viii
Abbreviations and editions...............................................................................ix
Introduction........................................................................................................1
PART I. The poetics of paradeigmata in hexameter
1 Paradeigmata: adaptation and application......................................................11
A An example: Achilles, Priam, and Niobe...................................................12
B Καιρός: poetics, adaptation, and application.............................................16
C Corpus, genre, discourse, and style............................................................20
D Corpus and genre.......................................................................................22
E Sociolinguistics, style, and discourse.........................................................25
2 Homer: paradeigmata and discourse...............................................................27
A Discourse units and discourse markers......................................................28
B Discourse markers and paradeigmata in Homeric poetry..........................35
3 Hesiodic textures I: digression and small-scale poetics...................................47
A καὶ γάρ and genealogical digression.........................................................47
B ἤτοι (µὲν) γὰρ and catalogues..................................................................53
4 Homer: paradigmatic syntax and style.............................................................57
A The internal shaping of paradeigmata.......................................................58
B Syntax, style, and style-shifting.................................................................70
C Paradigmatic syntax, simile, and genealogy..............................................91
D Catalogue and syntax...............................................................................103
E Summary..................................................................................................113
5 Hesiodic textures II: paradeigma, catalogue, and genealogy........................114
A Digression, formulae, and small-scale poetics: Hekate (Th. 411–52).....114
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B Catalogue, genealogy, and syntax............................................................117
C Genealogical formulae and themes..........................................................132
6 Conclusion: the texture of Iliad 24.602–20...................................................140
PART II. Paradeigma and persona in lyric and wisdom
7 Lyric and wisdom discourse: introduction.....................................................151
A An example: the “New Sappho” (P. Köln inv. 21351+21376)................153
B An example: the “New Archilochus” (P. Oxy. 4708 fr. 1)......................155
C Corpus, style, myth, and discourse..........................................................159
8 Lyric and wisdom discourse: paradeigmata..................................................170
A Discourse markers and units....................................................................172
B Discourse units and authority...................................................................197
C Mythologizing discourse..........................................................................212
D Conclusions..............................................................................................222
9 Pindaric textures I: discourse units and markers............................................231
A Discourse units.........................................................................................233
B Discourse units: καὶ γάρ and οὐδὲ γάρ..................................................244
C Concluding remarks.................................................................................271
10 Pindaric textures II: paradeigma, catalogue, and genealogy.........................276
A Introduction..............................................................................................276
B The ode.....................................................................................................277
C Testimonia and impressions.....................................................................279
D Syntax and register...................................................................................281
E The dialogue of Cheiron and Apollo.......................................................300
F Conclusion...............................................................................................311
PART III. Syntax and suffering in Homeric poetry
11 Self-mythologization and suffering in the Odyssey.......................................313
12 Syntax, singularity, and suffering in the Iliad................................................326
Conclusion.....................................................................................................342
Bibliography..................................................................................................376
Appendix A: Reorganizing the data of des Places and Bonifazi...................350
Appendix B: Particles and discourse in relative clauses................................358
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List of tables
Table 1: Discourse markers καὶ γάρ and οὐδὲ γάρ in paradeigma candidates........37
Table 2: Discourse marker ἤτοι (µὲν) γάρ in paradeigma candidates......................43
Table 3: Transitional relative clauses in the paradeigmata of Homeric poetry..........72
Table 4: Relative clauses featuring ῥα in catalogic sections of Homeric poetry........79
Table 5: Relative clauses featuring ὅς ποτε in hexameter poetry...............................82
Table 6: Relative clauses featuring τὴν/ἥν ποτε in Archaic hexameter poetry.........83
Table 7: Paradeigmata including catalogues, catalogues of paradeigmata.............106
Table 8: Zitatformeln in Archaic Greek lyric............................................................182
Table 9: Register-aware reorganization of the relative clause...................................350
Table 10: The ὅς-ποτε syntagm beyond des Places and Bonifazi............................355
Table 11: Relative-pronoun syntagms in Homeric and Hesiodic poetry...................358
Table 12: Masc. sing. relative with ῥά (ὅς ῥα and ὅ ρα)..........................................360
Table 13: Fem. nom. and acc. singular relative with ῥά (ἥ ῥα, ἥν ῥα)....................362
Table 14: Masc. acc. singular and plural relative with ῥά (ὅν ῥα, οὕς ῥα).............362
Table 15: Masc. nom. plural relative with ῥά (οἵ ρα)...............................................364
Table 16: Fem. nom. plural relative with ῥά (αἵ ρα)................................................365
Table 17: Masc. acc. singular and plural relative with ποτε (ὅν/τόν ποτε)...........368
Table 18: Various oblique cases of the relative with ποτε.......................................369
Table 19: Relative clauses featuring a pronoun with ῥά ποτε.................................370
Table 20: The genealogical register and relatives without particles........................371
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Abbreviations and editions
The texts of Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey are cited from T. W. Allen’s Homeri Ilias (3
vols., Oxford 1931) and P. von der Mühll’s Homeri Odyssea (Basel 1962), unless other-
wise indicated. Similarly, Hesiod is cited from Merkelbach and West (M–W); Pindar
from Snell and Maehler (S–M); Sappho and Alcaeus from Voigt (V). I have attempted to
use standard abbreviations for collections and editions of texts and reference works. Jour-
nals are generally referred to as in L’Année philologique except where noted otherwise
below. Ancient authors and their works are abbreviated as in the OCD³ or, failing that,
LSJ9 or Oxford Latin Dictionary (Oxford 1996). Deviations and the more obscure
include:
AG H. Beckby, ed., Anthologia Graeca (2nd ed., Munich 1965–68)
Bgk T. Bergk, ed., Poetae lyrici Graeci (Leipzig 1900–14)
CA Classical Antiquity
CP Classical Philology
CEG P. A. Hansen, ed., Carmina epigraphica Graeca, saeculorum VIII–V a.
Chr. n. (Berlin 1983)
Chambry E. Chambry, ed., Aesopi fabulae (Paris 1925–6)
Chantraine P. Chantraine, Grammaire homérique (Paris 1948–53)
DÉLG P. Chantraine, Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque:
Histoire des mots (New ed., Paris 2009)
Denniston J. D. Denniston, The Greek Particles (2nd ed., Oxford 1954)
DK H. Diels and W. Kranz, eds., Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker (6th
ed., Berlin 1951–52)
Drachmann A. B. Drachmann, ed., Scholia vetera in Pindari carmina (3 vols.,
Leipzig 1903–27)
EGF M. Davies, ed., Epicorum Graecorum fragmenta (Gottingen 1988)
EGM R. Fowler, Early Greek Mythography (Oxford 2000)
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Erbse H. Erbse, ed., Scholia Graeca in Homeri Iliadem (scholia vetera) (6
vols., Berlin 1969–88)
FGrHist F. Jacoby, ed., Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker (Berlin
1923–30; Leiden 1940–58 and 1994–)
GVI W. Peek, Griechische Vers-Inschriften (Berlin 1955–)
Hausrath A. Hausrath and H. Hunger, eds., Corpus fabularum Aesopicarum
(2nd edn. Leipzig 1959)
HSCP Harvard Studies in Classical Philology
IEG = W²
IF Indogermanische Forschungen
IG Inscriptiones Graecae (Berlin 1873–)
K–G R. Kühner and B. Gerth, Ausführliche Grammatik der griechischen
Sprache. Zweiter Teil: Satzlehre (3rd ed., Hannover 1898–1904)
LfgrE Lexikon des frühgriechischen Epos (Göttingen 1955–)
LGPN P. M. Fraser, E. Matthews, et al., A Lexicon of Greek Personal Names
(Oxford 1987–)
LGS D. L. Page, Lyrica Graeca selecta (Oxford 1962)
LIMC L. Kahil, ed., Lexicon iconographicum mythologiae classicae (Zurich
and Munich 1981–97)
L–P = PLF
LSJ9 H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. S. Jones, R. McKenzie, P. G. W. Glare, A
Greek–English Lexicon, with a Revised Supplement (9th ed., Oxford
1996)
M–W R. Merkelbach and M. L. West, eds., Fragmenta Hesiodea (Oxford
1967)
M–W–S OCT R. Merkelbach, F. Solmsen, and M. L. West, eds., Hesiodi Theogonia;
Opera et Dies; Scutum; fragmenta selecta (3rd ed., Oxford 1990)
Nauck A. Nauck, ed., Tragicorum Graecorum fragmenta (Leipzig 1889)
OCD³ S. Horblower and A. Spawforth, eds., The Oxford Classical Dictionary
(3rd ed., Oxford 1996)
PCG R. Kassel and C. Austin, eds., Poetae comici Graeci (Berlin 1984–)
PEG A. Bernabé, ed., Poetarum epicorum Graecorum testimonia et
fragmenta I (Leipzig 1987)
PLF E. Lobel and D. L. Page, ed., Poetarum Lesbiorum fragmenta (Oxford
1955)
PMG D. L. Page, ed., Poetae melici Graeci (Oxford 1962)
PMGF M. Davies, ed., Poetarum melicorum Graecorum fragmenta I (Oxford
1991)
P. Oxy. Oxyrhynchus Papyri (London 1898–) [roman numerals indicate
volume of series; arabic indicate individual papyri]
RE A. Pauly, G. Wissowa, W. Kroll, et al., eds., Real-Encyclopädie der
klassischen Altertumswissenschaft (Stuttgart/Munich 1893–1980)
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Rz A. Rzach, ed., Hesiodi carmina (Stuttgart 1958)
Σ Scholion to (ad)
SEG Supplementum epigraphicum Graecum (Leiden 1923–)
Slater W. J. Slater, Lexicon to Pindar (Berlin 1969)
Smyth H. W. Smyth, Greek Grammar, rev. by G. Messing (Harvard 1956)
SLG D. L. Page, ed., Supplementum lyricis Graecis (Oxford 1974)
S–M B. Snell and H. Maehler, eds., Pindari carmina cum fragmentis, pars
I: epinikia (8th ed., Leipzig 1987); pars II: fragmenta, indices (4th ed.,
Leipzig 1975)
TAPA Transactions of the American Philological Association
TLG Thesaurus Linguae Graecae (www.tlg.uci.edu)
V E. M. Voigt, ed., Sappho et Alcaeus: Fragmenta (Amsterdam 1971)
W² M. L. West, ed., Iambi et elegi Graeci ante Alexandrum cantati (2nd
ed., Oxford 1989–92)
In the transliteration of Greek words, I have used Latinized versions of the most common
(e.g., Achilles, Aeschylus) with a tendency toward the less Latinate (e.g., Menelaos).
With less familiar names and terms, I adopt a transliteration that is closer to the Greek
(e.g., epinikion rather than epinicium). I do this inconsistently in the case of the Greek up-
silon, preferring, for example, Lykaon to Lukaon. With some reluctance, I write syn-
tagm(s) rather than syntagma(ta).
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