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Paper Sovereigns: Anglo-Native Treaties and the Law of Nations, 1604-1664 PDF

323 Pages·2014·12.74 MB·English
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Paper Sovereigns This page intentionally left blank Paper Sovereigns k Anglo-Native Treaties and the Law of Nations, 1604–1664 Jeffrey Glover University of Pennsylvania Press Philadelphia Copyright © 2014 University of Pennsylvania Press all rights reserved. except for brief quotations used for purposes of review or scholarly citation, none of this book may be reproduced in any form by any means without written permission from the publisher. Published by University of Pennsylvania Press Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4112 www.upenn.edu/pennpress Printed in the United states of america on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Glover, Jeffrey. Paper sovereigns : anglo–native treaties and the law of nation, 1604–1664 / Jeffrey Glover—1st ed. p. cm. includes bibliographical references and index. isBn 978-0-8122-4596-7 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. indians of north america— Government relations—to 1789. 2. indians of north america— legal status, laws, etc.— History— 17th century. 3. indians of north america— treaties— History— 17th century. 4. United states— Politics and government— to 1774. 5. United states— ethnic relations— Political aspects— History— 17th century. 6. Great Britain— foreign relations—1 603– 1688— treaties. i. title. e91.G55 2014 323.1197—dc23 2013046741 What will it availe you to take that by force you may quickly have by love? —Powhatan, chief of the Powhatans, as quoted in John smith, The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles (1624) k This page intentionally left blank Contents k A Note on Naming and Spelling ix Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Heavy Heads: Crowning Kings in Early Virginia 27 Chapter 2 The Ransom of Pocahontas: Kidnapping and Dynastic Marriage in Jamestown and London 71 Chapter 3 Gunpowder Diplomacy: Arms and Alliance in Plymouth and Patuxet 118 Chapter 4 Trading Sovereignty: The Fur Trade and the Freedom of the Seas 158 viii Contents Chapter 5 Gift of an Empire: The Land Market and the Law of Nations in Narragansett Bay 187 Notes 227 Bibliography 269 Index 301 Acknowledgments 311 A Note on Naming and Spelling k the question of how to refer to the pre-Columbian inhabitants of north amer- ica has been politically charged for many centuries. it is further complicated by the inaccurate descriptions of european settlers and by the many migrations and displacements that occurred after european arrival. Where possible, i use contem- porary names for specific tribes. in cases where a tribe did not survive the colonial period, i use the most widely accepted transcription of its name. i also use the most widely accepted names for individual native americans, with the acknowledgment that these are usually european renderings of names that did not take alphabetic form. i use “native” as the default descriptor for pre-Columbian north americans, but i also use “indian,” especially when paraphrasing european points of view or referring to european concepts of american people. european spelling presents problems as well. in general, i have preserved the punctuation and spelling of early modern sources. However, i have corrected “u” to “v,” “i” to “j,” “vv” to “w.” i have also silently modernized all shorthand or unusual typographical practices, changing “ye” to “the,” “yf” to “if,” and “consultacòn,” to “consultation.” i have deleted the spaces that early modern printers sometimes left before colons and semicolons. finally, i have emended in brackets all obvious compositors’ errors. i have retained the capital- ization of the titles of printed works, with the exception of words that are entirely capitalized, which are capitalized only in their first letter here (articles and most prepositions excepted).

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In many accounts of Native American history, treaties are synonymous with tragedy. From the beginnings of settlement, Europeans made and broke treaties, often exploiting Native American lack of alphabetic literacy to manipulate political negotiation. But while colonial dealings had devastating resul
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