Pan-Islam: History and Politics PDF
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ROUTLEDGE LIBRARY EDITIONS: POLITICS OF THE MIDDLE EAST Volume 15 PAN-ISLAM Page Intentionally Left Blank PAN-ISLAM History and Politics JACOB M. LANDAU Firstpublishedin1990asThePoliticsofPan-IslambyOxfordUniversityPress Thiseditionfirstpublishedin2016 byRoutledge 2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,OxonOX144RN andbyRoutledge 711ThirdAvenue,NewYork,NY10017 RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness ©1990JacobM.Landau Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedorreproducedorutilised inanyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanical,orothermeans,nowknownor hereafterinvented,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orinanyinformation storageorretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublishers. Trademarknotice:Productorcorporatenamesmaybetrademarksorregistered trademarks,andareusedonlyforidentificationandexplanationwithoutintentto infringe. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary ISBN:978-1-138-83939-7(Set) ISBN:978-1-315-68049-1(Set)(ebk) ISBN:978-1-138-92765-0(Volume15)(hbk) ISBN:978-1-315-68055-2(Volume15)(ebk) Publisher’sNote Thepublisherhasgonetogreatlengthstoensurethequalityofthisreprintbut pointsoutthatsomeimperfectionsintheoriginalcopiesmaybeapparent. Disclaimer Thepublisherhasmadeeveryefforttotracecopyrightholdersandwouldwelcome correspondencefromthosetheyhavebeenunabletotrace. The Politics of Pan-Islam Ideology and Organization JACOB M. LANDAU CLARENDON PRESS · OXFORD 1990 Oxford University Press, Walton Street, Oxford ox2 6DP Oxford New York Toronto Delhi Bombay Calcutta Madras Karachi Petaling Jaya Singapore Hong Kong Tokyo Nairobi Dares Salaam Cape Town Melbourne Auckland and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Oxford is a trade mark of Oxford University Press Published in the United States by Oxford University Press. New York ©Jacob M. Landau r990 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic. mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. without the prior permission of Oxford University Press British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Landau, Jacob M. I924- The politics of Pan-Islam: ideology and organization. 1. Islamic political ideologies I. Ti tie 320.\'\ ISBN o-19-827709-1 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Landau, Jacob M. The politics of Pan-Islam: ideology and organization/Jacob M. Landau. p. em. Includes bibliographical references. r. Panislamism-History. 2. Islamic countries-Politics and government. /. Title. DS3<;.7L36 1989. 320.<;'49'091767 1-dc2o 89-23007 ISBN o-19-827709--1: Set by Best-set Typesetter Ltd. . Hong Kong Printed in Great Britain by Courier International Ltd. Tiptree, Essex There is a dry wind blowing through the East, and the parched grasses wait the spark ... Islam is the only thing to knit up such a scattered empire. (John Buchan, Greenmantle) Acknowledgements Most books owe a great deal to the advice and co-operation offered to their authors. This is certainly true of the present work, which attempts to comprise a large span, timewise and spacewise. Among those who have generously given me their time and counsel are the following: Professors Bernard Lewis of Phila- delphia, Elie Kedourie and Anthony D. Smith of London, Albert H. Hourani of Oxford, Farhad Kazemi of New York City, Zekai Ertugrul Okte of Istanbul, and Erciimend Kuran and Orhan Kologlu of Ankara. My assistant at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Gershon Lokay, has demonstrated no less resourcefulness in locating material than zeal in photo- copying it. I am greatly indebted to them all, but the final responsibility is of course mine. Grants from the Truman Research Institute, Jerusalem; St Antony's College, Oxford; and the Sherman Foundation, London, have assisted me in travel to and research of various archives and libraries, to all of which I would like to express my gratitude. Finally, very special thanks are due to Oxford University Press, most particularly to Dr Henry Hardy, Nina Curtis, Janet Moth, Elizabeth Sweeney, Jane Robson, and David Neuhaus. J.M.L. November I988 Contents List of Abbreviations vm Introduction I I. The Hamidian Era: An Imperial Ideology 9 II. The Young Turk Era: Pan-Islam in Peace and War 73 III. Pan-Islam Clashes with the Russian and Soviet Authorities I43 IV. Turkey Opts Out, while India's Muslims Get Involved I 76 V. Between Two World Wars: The Convention Age 2I6 VI. Pan-Islam in Recent Years: New Ideologies and Formal Organization 248 Conclusion 304 Appendices 3 I 3 Selected Bibliography 382 Index 427
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