Pan-Africanism/African Nationalism

424 Pages·2008·1.35 MB·English

Pan-Africanism/African Nationalism

Pan-africanism
african nationalism
Strengthening the Unity
of Africa and its Diaspora
Edited by
B.F. Bankie & K. Mchombu
The Red Sea Press, Inc.
Publishers & Distributors of Third World Books
RSP
P. O. Box 1892 P. O. Box 48
Trenton, NJ 08607 Asmara, ERITREA
The Red Sea Press, Inc.
Publishers & Distributors of Third World Books
RSP
P. O. Box 1892 P. O. Box 48
Trenton, NJ 08607 Asmara, ERITREA
Copyright © 2008 B.F. Bankie & K. Mchombu
First Africa World Press Edition 2008
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechani-
cal, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of
the publisher.
Book and cover design: Saverance Publishing Services
(www.saverancepublishing.com)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
All African Students’ Conference (17th : 2005 : Windhoek, Namibia)
Pan-Africanism/African nationalism : strengthening the unity of Africa
and its diaspora / edited by B.F. Bankie & K. Mchombu. -- 2nd ed.
p. cm.
Rev. ed. of: Pan-Africanism. 2006.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-56902-297-6 (hardcover) -- ISBN 1-56902-298-4 (pbk.)
1. Pan-Africanism--Congresses. 2. African diaspora--Congresses. I.
Bankie, B. F. II. Mchombu, K. J. (Kingo J.) III. All African Students’ Con-
ference (17th : 2005 : Windhoek, Namibia). Pan-Africanism. IV. Title.
DT30.5.A48 2005a
320.54096--dc22
2008022490
TAble of ConTenTS
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION | B. F. Bankie ix
DEDICATION TO JOHN GARANG DE MABIOR | Dani Wadada
Nabudere xi
FOREWORD | Kwesi Kwaa Prah xxix
CONFERENCE OPENING SESSION 1
Opening Remarks | Elaine Trepper 3
Welcoming Address | Lazarus Hangula 5
Statement | C. Makhetha 7
Opening Address | Sam Nujoma 8
Closing of Opening Session | Allan Bernard 12
THE IMPACT OF PAN-AFRICANISM 13
Which Way Africa: A Multifaceted/Dimensional Discourse
Shaped by Paradoxes that Characterise both Africans and Africans
in the Diaspora |H. Riruako 15
The Challenges Faced by the Global African Diaspora | S.J. Dima 19
Pan Africanism and the African Diaspora: A Weak Cooperation in
the Current International Arena | Andrew Niikando 30
Pan-Africanism: Strengthening the Unity of Global Africa | James
N. Karioki 41
Contextualising Pan-Africanism | Mandela Kapere 48
Positive Action will Forge Pan-Africanism | John Trimble 51
Freedom and Pan-Africanism in Namibia Revisited: An All-
African People’s Renaissance in the Making | Joe Murangi 59
Preserving and Integrating African Indigenous Knowledge
Systems into the Global Knowledge Base | Nahas Angula 67
Pan-Africanism/African Nationalism
IDENTITy AND SOCIETy: SOME PAN-AFRICAN
PERSPECTIVES 69
Towards a New Ethos in Human Relations | Dani Wadada
Nabudere 71
Perspectives on Afrikan Identity in the 21st Century | Amani
Olubanjo Buntu 75
Stigma and Discrimination against HIV/AIDS Victims, other
Disease Sufferers and the Less Privileged in Africa as Obstacles to
African Unity | Nwagwu Juliet Adamma 92
HIV/AIDS and Gender in Africa: Confronting our Sexuality and
Inequalities | L. Edwards 105
Poverty Lab: Rastafari and Cultural Studies | Jalani A. Niaah 121
Ethnicity and Affluence: Immigrant and Americanised Caribbean
youth | Derrick S. Raphael 143
The Purpose of the Khoisan Resurgence | The Khoisan Social
Political Movement 151
PAN-AFRICANISM AND CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
IN AFRICA AND ITS DIASPORA 157
Towards African Integration Through Language: A Pan-African
Perspective Juxtaposed within the African Renaissance | Becky R.K.
Ndjoze-Ojo 159
From Imhotep to the Internet: Honour their Ashes, Follow their
Flames | Manga Clem Marshal 175
Marketing Pan-Africanism to a New Generation: A Case Study of
Liberty Hall – The Legacy of Marcus Garvey, Kingston, Jamaica |
Nicosia Shakes 194
PAN-AFRICANISM, AFRICAN NATIONALISM AND AFRO-
ARAB RELATIONS: PUTTING THE AFRICAN NATION IN
CONTExT 209
Pan-Africanism and African Nationalism: Putting the African
Nation in Context – The Case of the Sudan | John Garang de
Mabior 211
Pan-Africa or African Union? | Bankie Forster Bankie 222
Pan-Afrikanism and Afrikan Nationalism: Putting the Afrikan
Nation in Context | Sabelo Sibanda 237
Afro-Arab Relations: Romantic or Real? | S.J. Dima 250
vi
Table of Contents
Islamisation and Arabisation of Africans as a Means to Political
Power in the Sudan: Contradictions of Discrimination based
on the Blackness of Skin and Stigma of Slavery and their
Contribution to the Civil Wars | M. Jalâl Haashim 265
Afro/Arab Relations - A Complex Socio-Political Composition |
El-Tahir Adam El-Faki 294
PROMOTING INTER-AFRICAN TRADE, MEETING THE
ECONOMIC CHALLENGES 311
Developing Africa Through Inter-African Trade and Meeting
Economic Challenges | Zelipa Mwanza, Luti Mwasetuka,
Yimbilanji Sichone 313
Promoting Inter-African Trade, Meeting the Economic Challenges
| Felix Dimbare Tughuyendere 324
Pan-Africanism: Strengthening the Unity of Africa and its
Diaspora | Reindorf Gyamena 333
TOWARDS THE 8TH PAN-AFRICAN CONGRESS:
STUDENT INVOLVEMENT IN THE PAN-AFRICAN
MOVEMENT 339
Towards the 8th Pan-African Congress | Chen Chimutengwende 341
The University, Student Activism and the Pan-African Movement
| Nadeen Spence 350
Pan-Africanism at the Beginning of the 21st Century: A Student
Movement Perspective | Leon Burrell 359
EARLy INFLUENCES IN THE PAN-AFRICAN MOVEMENT:
REPARATIONS AND NATIONALITy RIGHTS – MEETING
THE CHALLENGES OF THE DIASPORA IN THE 21ST
CENTURy 367
The Marcus Garvey Movement and the Pan-African Struggle |
Ryan Williams 369
Pan-Africanism and Nationality Rights for the Diaspora: A
Contemporary Perspective | A. Bernard 382
STATEMENT OF THE 17TH ALL AFRICAN STUDENTS’
CONFERENCE 389
vii

PRefACe To THe SeConD eDITIon
B. F. Bankie
Juba, South Sudan
May 2008
s we move further into the twenty-first century one, if not the, major
A
challenge facing Africans will be how to unite effectively. Pan-Afri-
canism and it’s concomitant, African Nationalism, are works in progress
towards completion. The Late Dr John Garang De Mabior, to whom this
th
book is dedicated, within months of the convening of the 17 All African
th th
Students Conference, held in Windhoek, Namibia, 28 -29 May 2005,
th
made his transition on the 30 July 2005. In his paper presented to the
Conference he stated, ‘Africa must unite, not as a continent but as a
Nation, and therein lies our individual and collective survival as a people’.
It is this preoccupation with African nationalism, away from the present
balkanization, which makes the Second Edition necessary.
The shift from Southern Africa to the Afro-Arab Borderlands, articu-
lated in the contribution of the Late leader of the Sudan Peoples Libera-
tion Movement/Army (SPLM/A) is not coincidental but actual. Settler
colonialism in Southern Africa received its lesson at Cuito Canavale in
nd
Angola on 22 March 1988. Developments in South Sudan lead by the
SPLM/A made it possible for the marginalized of Sudan – the Darfuri,
the Nubians, the Beja and others, to see their liberation as part of a larger
struggle of Africans globally for unity, be it in the context of Sudan, the
Afro-Arab Borderlands, or of Africans in the Eastern Diaspora in Arabia,
North Africa, the Gulf States and points eastwards, as well as in the
Western Diaspora in Europe, the Americas, the Caribbean and related
places.
The ‘longest war’ in South Sudan fought by the Anya-Nya/SPLA,
halted settler penetration towards the source of the Nile. This explains
the shift west and the current genocide perpetrated in Darfur against the
Pan-Africanism/African Nationalism
African ethnic groups there, as well as the emigration into the area of
West African Arabised and Islamised groups such as the Touareg. It is a
recognition of these realities, which necessitates fresh approaches as to
how the unity movement achieves its objectives. Continentalism of the
1960s is defunct in the face of events going on in Sudan as the Second
Edition goes to press. The strategic shift by Arabian interests necessitated
the inclusion in this Edition of an additional contribution from Dr El-
Tahir Adam El-Faki.
African Nationalism pre-supposes a rejection of outmoded ideas, a
return to the African socio-cultural base, including languages, along the
lines inspired by Cheikh Anta Diop. Africans are a people whose reality,
over a millennium has been determined by others, by two hegemonic
influences, Arab and European. Pan-Africanism had been driven by the
European encounter. In the future the Arab experience will be factored in.
Other people have conditioned the thinking by force, by slavery, by geno-
cide. They still insist that they know best. Many believe they are correct.
The return to the source is the logic that will determine the future.
There were powerful interests which did not want the First Edition,
published in Southern Africa, to appear. It was launched by Nahas Angula,
rd
the Prime Minister, on the 23 May 2006, at the National Library in
Windhoek, Namibia to mark Africa Day. Those in attendance included
Dr Becky Ndoze-Ojo, Deputy Minister of Education and Culture and
Runoko Rashidi, African American. This Second Edition was made pos-
sible thanks to the practical concern of Enid Lee and Clem Marshall in
North America. John Pangech, Deng Ajak and other Sudanese, facilitated
its publication.
The issues raised in this publication will have to be addressed more
seriously in the future, than in the past. They should cease to be the sacrifi-
cial concern of a few, and become the major preoccupation of many. Until
that happens Pan-Africanism/African Nationalism will remain a marginal
aspect of the lives of Africans, rather than the central focus it should be.
African progress depends on this.
x