Pan-Africanism: Political Philosophy and Socio-Economic Anthropology for African Liberation and Governance. Caribbean and African American Contributions (Volume Three)

582 Pages·2015·12.287 MB·English

by  Fongot Kini-Yen Kinni

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A PAN-AFRICANISM
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This Book is the outcome of a long project begun thirty years ago. It is a book on
- Political Philosophy and Socio-Economic
the makings of pan-Africanism through the predicaments of being black in a world A
dominated by being white. The book is a tribute and celebration of the efforts of Anthropology for African Liberation and Governance
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the African-American and African-Caribbean Diaspora who took the initiative and
the audacity to fight and liberate themselves from the shackles of slavery. It is also R
a celebration of those Africans who in their own way carried the torch of inspiration Caribbean and African American Contributions
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and resilience to save and reconstruct the Free Humanism of Africa. As a story of
C
(V T )
OLUME HREE
the rise from the shackles of slavery and poverty to the summit of Victors of their
A
Renaissance Identity and Self-Determination as a People, the book is the story of
African refusal to celebrate victimhood. The book also situates women as central N Fongot Kini-Yen Kinni
actors in the Pan-African project, which is often presented as an exclusively masculine
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endeavour. It introduces a balanced gender approach and diagnosis of the Women
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actors of Pan-Africanism which was very much lacking. The problem of balkanisation
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of Africa on post-colonial affiliations and colonial linguistic lines has taken its toll on
Africa’s building of its common identity and personality. The result is that Africans
are more remote to each other in their pigeon-hole-nation-states which put more
Political Philosophy and
restrictions for African inter-mobility, coupled by education and cultural affiliations, Socio-Economic
Anthropology for African
the communication and transportation and trading networks which are still tied more Liberation and Governance
Caribbean and African
to their colonial masters than among themselves. This book looks into the problem American Contributions
(VOLUME TWO)
of the new wave of Pan-Africanism and what strategies that can be proposed for a
more participatory Pan-Africanism inspired by the everyday realities of African
masses at home and in the diaspora. This book is the first book of its kind that gives a
comprehensive and multidimensional coverage of Pan-Africanism. It is a very timely F
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and vital compendium. n
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DR FONGOT KINI-YEN KINNI is Dean of the Faculty of Law and Deputy t

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Vice Chancellor in charge of Research and Cooperation, Bamenda University of
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Science and Technology – BUST, Bamenda, North West Region, Cameroon. He is a
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prolific researcher, writer, designer, artist, musician, philosopher and poet, who has Y
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travelled widely in Africa and the world.
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Langaa Research & Publishing
Common Initiative Group
P.O. Box 902 Mankon
Bamenda
North West Region
Cameroon
PAN-AFRICANISM
Political Philosophy and Socio-Economic
Anthropology for African Liberation and
Governance:
Caribbean and African American
Contributions
(Volume THREE)

Fongot Kini-Yen Kinni

Langaa Research & Publishing CIG
Mankon, Bamenda
PPublisher:
Langaa RPCIG
Langaa Research & Publishing Common Initiative Group
P.O. Box 902 Mankon
Bamenda
North West Region
Cameroon
[email protected]
www.langaa-rpcig.net

Distributed in and outside N. America by African Books Collective
[email protected]
www.africanbookscollective.com

ISBN: 9956-762-54-7

© Fongot Kini-Yen Kinni2015

All rights reserved.
No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
mechanical or electronic, including photocopying and recording, or be stored in any
information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher.
About the Author

Dr Fongot Kini-Yen Kinni is Dean of the Faculty of Law and Deputy Vice
Chancellor in charge of Research and Cooperation, Bamenda University of
Science and Technology – BUST, Bamenda, North West Region, Cameroon.
He is a prolific researcher, writer, designer, artist, musician, philosopher and
poet, who has travelled widely in Africa and the world.
As the Cross-Cultural Coordinator and Trainer of the United States of
America Peace Corps Volunteer Programme in Cameroon; he was nicknamed
the “renaissance man” by some of his American Peace Corps friends who
enjoyed him as a poet, a musician, a creative artist, designer, producer and a
writer who, apart from French, Italian, German and English, he could also
express himself in his mother-tongue “Mùngáàkà” and his father-tongue
“Tángíkóm” and also in Pidgin the Creole language of West Africa.
His academic prowess is what has marvelled his friends who used to call
him the “professional student”: with a BA in Philosophy, a BA in Theology
and MA in Philosophy and Theology from the Pontifical Urbanianan
University of Rome after eight years of study, as well as a BSc in the Social
Sciences from the International University of Social Sciences Pro Deo, Rome;
an MSc in Anthropology with specialisation in Industrial Anthropology, from
the University of Paris V Rene Descartes Sorbonne; an MA in History with
specialisation in Economic History, and a PhD in Anthropology from the
University of Paris VII Jussieu; an MSc in Political Science, with specialisation
in International Relations, an LLM in International Law with specialisation in
Comparative International and African Law and a PhD in Political Science
from the University of Paris I-Pantheon Sorbonne, Paris, France.
Homecoming to Cameroon after 26 years of study, research and travel all
over Europe, and Latin America where he researched in social change in a
Project for the Reforestation of the Andean countries - Columbia, Ecuador
Brazil and Peru – PREDESU, under the supervision of the Director of the
Bank of America for Development; and acquiring more Anthropological
knowledge and insights in the cross-cultural miscegenation of the migrant with
the native peoples and cultures of Latin America of the Pacific Coast, decided
to restudy and redefine Africa.
He was able to appreciate first-hand the forensic dynamic archaeology of
the peoples and cultures of the First Nation People (Native Indians) of the
Maya of Columbia, the Ketchua and the Guarani of Ecuador and Brazil, the
Inca of Ecuador and Peru with the Blacks and Europeans who have
contributed to what he identified as “The Chocolate-Black-and Coloured
Coast” of the Latin American Pacific Coast line which made him to call it the
“Pacific Africa.”. He also honed his research talents when he worked for
several years as a research assistant at the French National Centre for Scientific
Research – CRNS - at the Laboratory of Legal, Political and Economic
Anthropology of the University of Paris I – Pantheon Sorbonne and became
one of the privileged alumni who rigorously attended the Levy-Strauss
Conferences at College De France by the Sorbonne.
Back in Cameroon he plunged into fundamental research in various topic
areas including development studies, conflict and peace-building in Africa, Art,
Heritage Management and Public History. He now owns one of the largest Art
and Anthropological Museums in Africa with over two thousand African Art
Objects and Artefacts, with some dating up to two and three hundred years
old. He has taught at several State Universities in Cameroon; and since 2004
has been a Visiting Lecturer at the Aalto University School of Economics and
Business of Helsinki, Finland. Since last year he was recruited to teach Pan
Africanism at the newly created branch in Cameroon of the Pan African
University by The Afrin Union with Head Quarters at Addis Ababa.
Table of Contents

Acknowledgement…………………………………………………... v
Prologue……………………………………………………………... xv
Introduction…………………………………………………………. xv
Glossary of Acronyms……………………………………………….. xxxv

Chapter 13: The Seventh and the Eighth Pan African
Congress of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania – 1974 and
Kampala, Uganda- 1994: The Radical X-ray of the
Balkanisation and Neo-Colonisation of Africa by
the African Petty Bourgeoisie………………………………………. 1

Chapter 14: The Birth of the African Union……………………….. 53

Chapter 15: A Critical Appraisal and Evaluation of Pan-
Africanism Theory of Governance and Development Policy……... 151

Chapter 16: Conclusion: A Critical Appraisal and Evaluation
of African Identity, Citizenship, African Re-Renaissance
for a Sustainable Afrikology and Revolutionary
Pan-Africanism for Development…………………………………... 219

References/Bibliography…………………………………………… 323

Appendices…………………………………………………………... 349
iii
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Acknowledgement

My acknowledgement goes to Professor Catherine Coquery Vidrovitch who
was not only my teacher in economic history of Africa, but also the supervisor
of my M.A. thesis in History, who inspired and spurred me on to undertake
this research on Pan-Africanism. Her insights and stimulus on methodology
with regards to historiography and the applied Marxist approach of the
material history and foundations of socio-economic modes of production of
human societies gave me the strong foundation of my research approach.
It was through her rigorous and assiduous method of scrutiny that this
thesis was rejected for the first presentation for defence, because she
complained it lacked the historical approach leaning more on the sociological
approach. It was thanks to her strict but professional and encouraging
guidance that I was able to come up with part of the work for the M.A. thesis,
in History and the entire work which you now have before you today.
My gratitude also goes to my mentor and Supervisor of my PhD thesis in
Political Science, Professor Michel Alliot, who also instilled in me the critical
Cartesian spirit. After admitting me into the Laboratory of Political and Legal
Anthropology, of the French National Centre for Scientific Research, Centre
National de Recherche Scientifique – CNRS, as a research member, and
assistant lecturer in law and political science, he also undertook to drill me
how to become an accomplished researcher and an academician. I was very
privileged that he and his wonderful wife Michelle Alliot Marie admitted me as
a member of their family and gave me full support and access to their private
and family library.
Credit also goes to Professor Etienne Le Roy who incessantly encouraged
me, and his wife Jacqueline Le Roy who initiated me in classical guitar lessons
to bridge up and fastidious toil the long tough years of French Doctorat
D’État Thesis research. While she mellowed my heart and brain in musical
explorations, Etienne Le Roy initiated and guided me on the nitty-gritty of
practical research and field work. His trustful and unfailing friendship was a
good shot my brain and heart will ever appreciate and honour.
My recognition also goes to Berinyuy Bruno Lukong, who went through
the work and was able to give me more critical insights, especially on the
Southern African contributions which I kind of presented superficially. His
insights as a young person seeing this work from a much youthful perspectives
made me readjust a lot of the work to entice the younger reader generation. I
also thank him for his frank and subtle critique and initiative to propose
pertinent Southern African Pan Africanists; and his enthusiasm in accepting to
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write the prologue to this book. His selfless interest and endearing care has
cemented the spiritual mindset and subconscious spontaneous optic fibres that
bind and generate our intellectual engineering.
This work would not have taken its final lustre had it not been for the
diligent and foresighted constructive contribution of Professor Francis B.
Nyamnjoh for the supplementary articles and books supplied to complete this
work. I owe him my invaluable gratitude, regard and intellectual friendship.
My gratitude also goes to my mother, Bertha Leoga Sama Fokum, who
encouraged me to devote my energy in writing to leave a legacy to the next
generation. She advised me that seeing the wealth of knowledge and
experience I had gathered from living and studying in Europe for twenty-six
years, it were good for me to, either enter politics and take a leadership role, or
go into writing to brain-drive the youths of tomorrow with the wealth of my
knowledge and experience. I preferred and chose the latter and this is the
result.
My deep and everlasting gratitude also goes to my soul-brothers Acquiles
Sepulveda and Sergio Varas Olea, Steve Moffat, Andrejz Guteck and Louis
Crusol, Sama and Godlove Bangha who have always encouraged me to carry
on research and write. It equally goes to my beloved sisters Martha Nayah Kini
and Mary Nsang Kini Ngwabo Ngwabo and to Regine Bella Foumane, my
partner, friend and life accomplice, to Oluwa-Toyin the mother of my twin
sons, who have opened for my the Yoruba rich and creative cultural universe;
for their unflinching and resilient support. Their encouragement has been
material, financial, emotional and psychological. Without their contributions
and love, even though sometimes at a distance, I would not have had all the
energy, assurances, comfort and finances as well as the creativity to carry out
most of this mammoth research which requires travelling, documenting,
buying and reading many books and papers and falling back on people who
form the bridges we cross in our life quest for Happiness and Truth, and
making other people happy.
My gratitude also goes to Douglas Kachi Terwase, my Nigerian friend and
critic who introduced me to the rich ebullient cultural Tiv world. He has
contributed greatly through his encouragement and some vital cross-cultural
information and orientation. His relentless friendship in times of hardship and
despondency has been a great energising booster. His very critical eye in what
is trendy and brandy has also sharpened my sense of taste, imaging and
presentation. I thank you sincerely Kachi.
My deep appreciation also goes to my sponsors and friends Professor
Stein Skjoschammer and Alvard Haugen the “White Pope” for their emotional
and financial as well as their intellectual support during the hard times I
vi
experienced in finalising this work. Also my appreciation goes to Azibo Balga
for the first proof reading and valuable comments, Frederick Oponde for the
computerised editing and arrangements of pictures; to Irene Mejane Epie and
Rose Mbole Epie for their sisterly support, their invaluable friendship and
encouragement in times of difficulty.
Final but not least this homage goes to my beloved father Henry Ghuchi
Kini who had the sense to give me a name that would determine my life
research forever. It also goes to the Dutch Missionaries and especially the Irish
Missionary Reverend Father Thomas Kennedy who finally brought up my
father who became an orphan at the age of eight months after his father
Crown Prince Kini was arrested and assassinated in Mamfe by the Germans in
1912 for resisting their colonisational imperialism and dominion in Kom,
Cameroon, which provoked the Laikom Palace Women Anlu Uprising and
subsequent suicides of the Princesses and several Fon’s Wives in revolt. That
is how my father named me “Kini” after my grandfather to light his spirit of
nationalism.
It was in his everlasting memory of courage and patriotism that I
composed this poem and elegy in his honour titled:

Kaisar Reich

They came with muskets
And Dane guns
These Nordic harbingers
Of mean crumbs
Of Civilisations who decided
That God was insane
To have created humans in
Divine likeness and diversities…

From their Platonic cave allegories of
Deformed visions they swore
To reset phenomena to suit their
Myopic loops of interpretations
And reduced the dynamic normative
Universe to their Arctic curves
To pitch their belief that the sun
Can only travel in their skewed optic horizon…
And so when they could see the
Sun standing at their height’s zenith
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