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57 2012 ISSN: 1815 8242 Arnaldoa -64, - 19(1): morphology and Valerianaceae Palynological of Nymphaeaceae Jordán in Nymphaceae en de Valerianaceae Morfología palinológica las y Jordania Al-Quran Saleh A. JORDAN, [email protected] Department of Biology, M'utah University, P.O.Box26, Karak, Abstract LM SEM. 4 Valerianella and two Nymphaea species were investigated palynologically by and Pollen morphological characters have been recognized forthese species. The pollen class of all specimens investigated have colpate or zonocolpate. view Elliptic, circular to sub-rhombic is the pollen outline as equatorial view, while circular with small colpi as polar for all species investigated. Very cióse similarities in P,E and P/E ratio measurements, aperture, exine and ornamentation were observed Nymphaea cannot be depend upon as concrete among species of Valerianella and examined. Palynological investigation all Key pollen ornamentation. words: Nymphaea, Exine, pollen class, aperture, Valerianella, Resumen LM SEM. Nymphaea palinológicamente por Caracteres fueron investigadas y 4 especies de Valerianella y dos especies muestran de forma elíptica, circular a sub-romboidal, mientras que desde la colpado o zonocolpado. Desde vista ecuatorial se la muy Se observó estrecha similitud con pequeñas colpas para todas las especies investigadas. vista polar se denotan circulares y Nymphaea de Valerianella E P exina y ornamentación entre todas las especies y en relación a mediciones de y E, apertura, las P, / no una prueba taxonómica concreta para la delimitación de Valerianella. examinados. La Investigación palinológica seria ornamentación del polen. Palabras Nymphaea, Exina, clase de polen, apertura, clave: Valerianella, Introducción on operculum not the same as that on the rest of the is taxonomy which make some confusión in exine the only two genera, Valerianaceae Jordán has in Jordán represented family in and delimitations.The is morphological Valeriana and plant Valerianella, & Sm which Nuphar by one species only lútea Sibth evidence sometimes depend upon alone is not to known Nymphaea (Erdtman, lútea L. well as also is made which species sufficient to delimit Valerianella & & 1975; Larson Barett, 2000; Faegari Iverson, 960; 1 Al-Eisawi, 1982; this palynonlgical study necessary( is Van 2000; Nowicke, 1999; Premathilake, 1999; Stenzel, Karim and Al-Quran, 1988;Zohary, 1973). Wyk, Victor&Van 1999-2001; Villodre Wichelen, 1999; Nymphaeaceae considered from the most primitive & 2000). Giarcia-Jacas, is pollen grains are families of angiosperms, the it's both families The basic structure of pollen grains in aperture, bilaterally symmetrical and have a single many gave descriptions and publications well-known, is of with pollen these mainly associated characters are guidelines for the others. and keys those studied as for but instead gymnosperms no columella monocots, or used by and expressions terms The palynological (another of exine a granular layer within the thickness sometimes are and investigators researchers different of face evidence of primitive), the apernares are in distal because each one and misleading. making confusión so the grain and not run from pole to pole, they are sulci, by special terms, at express his results oriented to is Ornamentation the than colpus. aperture sulcus rather is & many times not used by previous investigators. The conditions (Erdtman, 1960; Faegari Iv< 1975). , complex aperture in valerianacean pollen grains is a The purpose of this study trying to use the pollen is structure and varíes from species to species, while in morphology to investígate the studied pollen grains as nymphaean species as discussed before sulcus rather is view taxonomy palynological evidence to support this in than colpus (Davis etal, 1963; Davis, 1969; Delaporte, Nymphaea and between and differentiation Valerianella, Halwagy 2001; Feinbrun et al, 1959; Golovko, 1997; and also in delimitation of Valerianella species in &Halwagy, 1984). Jordán, depending on concrete palynological structures The colpi sometimes are bounded by external margin or measurements valid to this purpose since this family LM. not yet understood, which helpful also to give an .tpiV.il is is because of special structure or space like girdle or band illustrated guide to pollen grains of valerianaceae and & formed that separates colpi margins from the other parts nymphaeaceae (Al-Eisawi Dajani, 1983; Al-Quran, mesocolpium of the (Mathias-Maser, 1997; Mishra, 2004). & 2002; Moore Web, 1978; Osborn, 2000; Panajiotidis, and Methods Materials 2000; Pardo, 2000). Pollen class in valerianaceae and nymphaeacean Fresh polliniferous material was collected from fresh species point of confusión and disagreement between specimens belonging to 4 Valerianella species and one is Nymphaea the previous workers dealing with pollen endo and species of by using field collecting tools ecto-apertures (5-6, 14, 8-20), some of them were using (small plant breeding brushes and small field vials) 1 introduced to the laboratory to be studied. was third group using colporoidate since of the clear LM For was studies, the material prepared according which make between separation the área differentiated to acetolysis method of Erdtman (1960) and Faegari exine and the apertures in form of two wall layers &Iverson (1975), 4 duplicates for each species were & Roque (Recau-Larrival, 1996; Silvestre-Capelato, LM prepared and from each were made. 6 slides 2001). micrographs and measurements were taken by using Echinae or micro-echinae in form of spine-like Nikon HFX-11 microscope using ocular micrometer which projections give the pollen exine an ornamental scale by glycerin Jelly method. viewmay be depend upon as an important distinguishing SEM For by studies, the treated pollen grains character in delimitation, but even these pollen exine acetolysis method were coated by carbón [ayer irst. trien t structures are points of variation and contradictory terms. by gold layer to increase the conduction and electrón The example SEM, best for these things carne using after SEM yield rates, micrographs were taken by some investigators described micro-echinae as scabrae (Suarez-Cervera, Van Der Ham, 2001; 2001). Results and Discussion Recent investigations in pollen grains were trying to them study as a major component in biological aerosol palynologu pollen grains as realistic palynological evidence in between paleobotany documentation Va in of extincted plant species in fossil records, because of the very hard outer layer elliptic to s (sporopollenin) which witn very tolerates the harsh environmental 11 57-64, 2012 Arnaldoa 19(1): } Al-Quran: Palynological Morphology of Valerianaceae and Nymphaeaceae in Jordán some Pollen class in Valerianella species cannot be depend lútea in studying of pollen diagnostic characters upon also, because by looking to the micrographs to be involved in taxonomy of species is mainly not obtained, clear that Valerianella species were worthful in general except for certain aspects of results, it is all either 3- or 4- zonocolpate, so the difference in the because obvious from the results obtained that none is it LM number of zonocolpates not concrete palynological of the pollen structures and measurements seen by is SEM evidence to depend upon to delimit between Valerianella and can be depend upon in this kind of diagnosis and delimitation. species. The palynological measurements concerning P,E an The only diagonistic character can be depend on in P/E ratio are also very cióse to each other, and cannot delimitation of Valerianella species is the thickness of be used as diagnostic character for delimitation. Pollen sexine compared to nexine and the brightness of the halo two apernare of Valerianella species as shown in the table surrounding the aperture, according to these pollen 1 not diagnostic character used for delimitation because characters that can be used for this kind of delimitation. is following of them were possible to put Valerianella species in the all colpate. it is because they V locusta and V.cownata have thickness of sexine diagnostic characters for delimitation, (1) compared very and approximately superimposed on to nexine. are similar each other. whUe y ¿ from another entata an d V.muricata are (2) same ategory depending because of the reason. while depending on the second pollen diagonistic ^ compared to nexine, brightness of the halo surrounding following tw0 categories: (1) V. locusta is contrary and V.cownata nexine in both Valerianella locusta L., surrounding The other three species of Valerianella (2) (L.) De, while th.nner than nexine in both V. tiéntala (U it is Vu\,rUmelllt Jentata Po lich Valerianella | . ( W.Baxt. The halo and muricata (L.) Pollich (stev.) DC V. Valerianella muricata (Stev.) coronata (L ^ } surrounding the pollen aperture was appearing bright in w Baxt have no 5right hak)> but a so with larger one. i N x m hür haea bvious that With resPect t0 >' P 11 1S ° "P ^ in the remainin species of alerianella > \ & Nymphaea have Sm. and lútea L. Sibth lútea (L.) although these diagonistic least that nglycerinejelh ha : was olpus deeply depend upon them as evidences in delii to : measurements and kind help gi\en me paKnologieal The researcherwouldliketothailkthe from department of Gharaibeh the d from each others. by Prof Ismail easilv Dr. of photographing Mutah University inhelping physicsat Conclusión SEM micrographs for the prepared slides. & Faegari, K. Iversen Golovko.V A component V. 1997. pollen of bi & E Van Wyk. m A. E. 2000. Pollen Phyllosma and Sheilanthera (D¡osminae:Rutaceae) and ¡ts •ana 39: 103-107. Maser, - S.1997. aerosol partióles as ¡nsoluble componen to atmospheric aerosol over the south atlantic ocean. J. Aerosol Sc¡.28:3-4. R shra, P. 2002. Airbome pollen flora of Jabalur- the central anum (Podostemaceae). i morphology Cytisus (Papilionoideae, Pollen ¡n i. & Roque, N. M. Silvestre Capelato. 2001 Generic - Gochnatia and Lanthopappus based on pollen delimitation of morphology. Grana 40:197-204. Stenzel, H.2000. Pollen morphology of the subtribe pleurothallldinae Alyxieae Grana 40 :169-191. (Apocynaceae). 57-64, 2012 19(1): i ni ii i i i ¡lili? Il S 1 i 8 h i i i i i! ! i ! !i i k ¡i i! !i a 3 | _i ; lÍ íi ll ; a :