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Clifford Mark McCormick Palace and Tempie Authenticated | 109.228.106.43 Download Date | 10/24/12 5:50 AM Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft Herausgegeben von Otto Kaiser Band 313 W DE G Walter de Gruyter · Berlin · New York 2002 Authenticated | 109.228.106.43 Download Date | 10/24/12 5:50 AM Clifford Mark McCormick Palace and Tempie A Study of Architectural and Verbal Icons w DE G Walter de Gruyter · Berlin · New York 2002 Authenticated | 109.228.106.43 Download Date | 10/24/12 5:50 AM © Printed on acid-free paper which falls within the guidelines of the ANSI to ensure permanence and durability. Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufiiahme MacCormick, Clifford Mark: Palace and temple : a study of architectural and verbal icons / Clifford Mark McCormick. - Berlin ; New York : de Gruyter, 2002 (Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft ; Bd. 313) Zugl.: Diss. ISBN 3-11-017277-1 © Copyright 2002 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, D-10785 Berlin All rights reserved, including those of translation into foreign languages. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without permis- sion in writing from the publisher- Printed in Germany Cover design: Christopher Schneider, Berlin Authenticated | 109.228.106.43 Download Date | 10/24/12 5:50 AM For Faye, who planted the seed For Paige, who nurtured it For Gwenafaye, who will enjoy its fruit Authenticated | 109.228.106.43 Download Date | 10/24/12 5:50 AM Authenticated | 109.228.106.43 Download Date | 10/24/12 5:50 AM Preface This study, as in all studies of this type, is the product of long conversations, intensive readings, and mentorial proddings to see clearly the implications of taking a particular stand in the discussion of ancient cultures. My own interest in the palace of Sennacherib at Nineveh had long been keen when I first approached John Van Seters with the topic. It was he who first suggested that I take a look at I Kings 6-8 and the description of Solomon's temple in Jerusalem that is found there. It was indeed a fortuitous suggestion. For his guidance through the process of dissertation writing, but more for his willingness to mentor me through the intellectual development that is graduate study, I will always be grateful to John. His skill as a scholar is well recognized, his intellectual engagement as a mentor benefited me immeasurably. There are others on my dissertation committee, without whose willingness to guide me through the research, the work would have been impossible. Jack Sasson's keen mind in matters editorial and intellectual never ceased to amaze me. His comments kept me from many unfortunate errors of logic and rhetoric, and his refusal to settle for second-rate treatment of Akkadian sources may spare me the scorn of Assyriologists. However, as much as the good one sees in the Akkadian translations found herein is attributable to Jack's mastery, the errors are attributable to my fledgling attempts to work with the intriguing and beautiful language of ancient Assyria. Joanne Waghorne's encouragement and ready interest in iconographie issues was one of the early voices that sent me toward the palace and the temple with an eye toward what they might communicate to us. Norris Johnson and Tom Tweed, though having different ideas about the function of architectural space, were helpful in the ways that they constantly pointed me away from the errors that come from seeking the quick answer in the process of architectural and spatial interpretation. For the generous gift of their time and their guidance, I am grateful to all of them. The weaknesses that remain in this study are my own. viii Palace and Temple Finally, there are members of my family to whom many thanks are due. My mother, Faye Tucker McCormick, was a woman who valued knowledge and education. My thirst for understanding came from her and the more I study, the more I learn, the more I realize the gift she gave me when she planted this hunger within me. My wife, Paige Reece McCormick, is a woman of expansive knowledge and acute insight. Editorially, she is a genius with a talent for clean crisp language. She read everything before it went to the committee and she questioned and proposed and removed with such proficiency that, without their knowledge, she made their job much easier. The strengths and clarity in this study are a tribute to her ability to question me to the heart of my argument and then say, once more, "Now, why do you not say that in here?" For her determined reading and re-reading, for her willingness to devote an incredible amount of time to bringing clarity to a project she herself believed in, and for her constant encouragement to keep going, she has my perpetual gratitude. For her reminders that one should get out into the woods, take a walk and relax occasionally, and for a myriad of other reasons that are renewed every day, she has my undying love and devotion. My daughter, Gwenafaye Adanma McCormick, is, in short, the greatest joy of my life. She came to us in the Fall of 1997, and the first years of her life were filled with catching her father at the computer in the early morning hours and working hard to distract his attention away from those words and that keyboard. She was generally successful, and I am certainly the happier for it. She continues to grow into a smart little girl with an eager eye that misses little, a sharp mind that is always questioning and loves stories, and a ready invitation to play. I do my best to accept those invitations when they come, and I hope that our times of reading and play will give her an appreciation for the benefits of learning and relaxation. Because I have learned so profoundly from them, I dedicate this study to my mother, my wife, and my daughter. C. Mark McCormick Tuscaloosa, Alabama Fall 2001 Table of Contents Introduction 1 Chapter 1 : Method of Architectural and Textual Study 5 Architecture and the Built Environment 8 Sennacherib's Palace in Nineveh 16 The Texts 19 History of Approaches 21 A New Approach to Sennacherib's Palace 26 Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem 28 Evidence 29 History of Approaches 29 A New Approach to Solomon's Temple 38 Conclusion 42 Chapter 2: Sennacherib's Palace In Nineveh 45 The Texts 48 Choosing the Site 52 Description of the Labor Force 55 Preparation of the Site 56 Construction of the Palace 58 Conclusion 65 The Building 66 Courtyard VI Spatial Arrangement 68 The Reliefs 69 Interpretation 71 Room XXXVI: The Lachish Room Spatial Arrangement 74 The Reliefs 78 Interpretation 80 Conclusion 83 Chapter 3: Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem 87 Issues of Historicity 90 Archaeological Evidence for the Reign of Solomon 92 Literary Evidence for the Reign of Solomon 97 Previous Approaches to Solomon's Temple 100 The Search for Sources 100