Pakistan: Social and Cultural Transformations in a Muslim Nation PDF
Preview Pakistan: Social and Cultural Transformations in a Muslim Nation
Pakistan Muslim societies are presumed to be stagnant and resistant to change. Yet the realityisquitethecontrary.PakistanisapivotalMuslimnation.Itexemplifiesthe scopeanddirectionofsocialchangeinaMuslimsociety.Thisbookshowshow modernization as well as Islamization are simultaneously acting as processes of socialtransformationinPakistan,alongwithpopulationgrowth,urbanizationand economic development. It offers an insightful view into Pakistan, exploring the widerangeofethnicgroups,thecountrysideandcities,religionandcommunity, andpopularcultureandnationalidentity.Itconcludesbydiscussinglikelyfuture social developments in Pakistan, engaging students and academics interested in Pakistanandmulticulturalism.Overall,thisbookisacomprehensiveexamination ofsocialandculturalforcesinPakistanisociety,andisanimportantresourcefor anyone wanting to understand contemporary Pakistan and the Muslim world. MohammadAbdulQadeerisProfessorEmeritus,SchoolofUrbanandRegional Planning,Queen’sUniversity,Canada;whereapartfromteachingforthirtyyears, hewasthedirectoroftheschool1986–96.HehastaughtattwoPakistaniuniversi- tiesand has been aconsultant to UN agencies, the Government of Pakistan and various Canadian bodies. Among his publications are two books entitled Urban Development in the Third World. Internal Dynamics of Lahore, Pakistan and (co- authored)TownsandVillagesinCanada. Routledge Contemporary South Asia Series 1 Pakistan: Social and cultural transformations in a Muslim nation Mohammad Abdul Qadeer Pakistan Social and cultural transformations in a Muslim nation Mohammad Abdul Qadeer First published 2006 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, OX14 4RN SimultaneouslypublishedintheUSAandCanadaby Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY10016 This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2006. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,anInforma business © 2006 Mohammad Abdul Qadeer Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedorreproducedor utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary Library ofCongress Cataloging in Publication Data Qadeer, Mohammad A. Pakistan: social and cultural transformation in a Muslim nation/ Mohammad A. Qadeer. p. cm. – (Routledge contempory South Asia series; 1) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-415-37566-5 (hardback: alk. paper) 1. Social change–Pakistan. 2. Islam and culture–Pakistan. 3. Pakistan–Social conditions–20th century. 4. Pakistan–Social conditions–21st century. I. Title. II. Series. HN680.5.A8Q33 2006 306.095491'09045dc22 2005036258 ISBN10: 0-415-37566-5 (hbk) ISBN13: 978-0-415-37566-5 (hbk) ISBN10: 0-203-09968-0 (ebk) ISBN13: 978-0-203-09968-1 (ebk) To the two families that are my anchors to the past, present and future: My parents, brother and sister, My wife and children, Susan, Nadra, Ahmer and Ali Contents Listofillustrations viii Glossaryandabbreviations ix Preface xii 1 ChangingPakistan 1 2 Patternsofsocialchange 19 3 Landscapeofindependence 37 4 Nationandethnicity 57 5 Urbantransformations 78 6 Developmentandthecountryside 112 7 Islamandsociallife 154 8 Family,kinship,community,andcivilsociety 189 9 Everydaylife 220 10 WhitherPakistan? 258 Notes 281 Epilogue 300 Bibliography 307 Index 316 Illustrations Figures 3.1 Ruralopolises:highdensityruraldistricts 52 5.1 Economicsectorsandcircuits 94 9.1 Numberofincidencesofviolence,1947–2000 239 9.2 Number of persons killed in riots, bomb blasts and ethnic violence,1947–2000 239 Tables 5.1 Rankingofmajorcities,1951–98 83 6.1 Numberofrurallocalities,1981–98 116 9.1 Opinionsurveyatthefiftiethyearofindependence 226 Glossary and abbreviations Ahl-i-Hadith a puritanical Islamic sect Ajrak printed cotton shawl of Sindh Amirul-Momneen commander of the (Muslim) faithful Anjuman voluntary association or group APWA All Pakistan Women’s Association Babu train commuter train ferrying clerks and workers Bara smuggled goods market Barani rain-fed dry lands Basant spring festival of kites Biradari an endogamous group claiming common lineage (clan) Burqa full body coverall with a face veil CENTO (Central Treaty Organization) American sponsored regional defense pact for the Middle East in the 1950s Chador and (literally meaning: women’s shawl and four walls of a Chardewari home) metaphorically it means the inviolability of a woman’s modesty and a home’s sanctity Chowkidar watchman or security guard Fatwa Islamic legal opinion meant to be enforced Fahashi obscenity GDP Gross Domestic Product GIKI Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute Goth small village of Sindh Hari bonded tenant Haveli a mansion IJT Islami Jamiat-i-Tulaba, students’ wing of Jamaat-i-Islami IMF International Monetary Fund Jagir land grant and revenue estate Jagirdar landlord – revenue contractors with tenants in servitude Jajmani system caste based Indian system of bartering services JI Jamaat-i-Islami, an Islamic political party JUI Jamiat ul-Ulema-e-Islam, an Islamic political party JUP Jamiat ul-Ulema-e-Pakistan, an Islamic political party
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