Pakistan Pakistan Eye of the Storm Owen Bennett Jones Yale University Press New Haven and London Copyright © by Owen Bennett Jones All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections andofthe U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publishers. For information about this and other Yale University Press publications, please contact: U.S. Office:[email protected] yalebooks.com Europe Office:[email protected] www.yaleup.co.uk Set in Columbus by Northern Phototypesetting Co. Ltd, Bolton Printed in the United States ofAmerica Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Jones, Owen Bennett. Pakistan: eye ofthe storm / Owen Bennett Jones. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN –––(cloth: alk. paper) . Pakistan—History. I. Title. DS.J .—dc A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Plate captions: () Stanley Wolpert, Zulfi Bhutto ofPakistan: His Life and Times, Oxford University Press, New York, , p. ; () Confidential telegram from the American consulate in Karachi to the US State Department, July ; ()Guardian,May; () Stanley Wolpert, Zulfi Bhutto ofPakistan: His Life and Times, Oxford University Press, New York, , p. ; () Benazir Bhutto’s speech to the USCommittee for Human Rights, May; ()Guardian,May; ()Hindustan Times,July . For my parents Contents List of Illustrations viii Preface x Introduction xii Note on Spellings xvii Chronology xviii 1 Musharraf’s Challenge 2 The Coup 3 Kashmir 4 Nationalism 5 Bangladesh 6 The Bomb 7 Democracy 8 The Army 9 The Day of Reckoning Notes Bibliography Index Illustrations Plates . Mohammed Ali Jinnah. © Government ofPakistan . Partition. © Associated Press . Mujibur Rahman. © Government ofPeople’s Republic ofBangladesh . Dacca beating. © Associated Press . Ayub Khan. © Government ofPakistan . Yayha Khan. © Government ofPakistan . Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. © Government ofPakistan . Zia ul Haq. © Government ofPakistan . Nawaz Sharif. © Newsmakers. Photo: Getty Images . Benazir Bhutto. © Karen Davies . A. Q. Khan. © Government ofPakistan . Celebrating nuclear tests. © Reuters . A Ghauri missile. © Karen Davies . The coup. © Associated Press . Pervez Musharraf. © Karen Davies . Karachi violence. © Liaison. Photo: Getty Images . Siachin. © Bob Nickelsberg/Liaison/FSP. Photo: Getty Images . Soldiers pray during the Kargil conflict. © Karen Davies . Line ofcontrol, Kashmir. © Bob Nickelsberg . Madrasa. © Karen Davies . Jaish placard. © Getty Images . Islamic demonstration. © Getty Images Maps Pakistan, xx Kashmir, Pakistan, East Pakistan, Designed with the help ofthe Army Press, Rawalpindi Illustrations ix Tables Sectarian violence, – Kashmir killings, – Provincial breakdown by population, Languages spoken, Heads ofstate, –present Chiefexecutives, –present Comparison ofmen and hardware in India and Pakistan Social indicators in Pakistan, Tax revenues in Pakistan as a percentage ofGDP, – Figures Defence expenditure in India and Pakistan, – Defence expenditure in India and Pakistan as a percentage ofGDP, – Cartoons ‘st century’, The Muslim,January ‘The nuclear club’, The News,May ‘What have you done to your skin?’, The Muslim,May
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