Pakistan at the Crossroads. Domestic Dynamics and External Pressures

354 Pages·2016·3.54 MB·English

by  Christophe Jaffrelot

PAKISTAN AT THE CROSSROADS
RELIGION, CULTURE, AND PUBLIC LIFE
RELIGION, CULTURE, AND PUBLIC LIFE
Series Editor: Karen Barkey
Th e resurgence of religion calls for careful analysis and constructive criticism of
new forms of intolerance, as well as new approaches to tolerance, respect, mutual
understanding, and accommodation. In order to promote serious scholarship and
informed debate, the Institute for Religion, Culture, and Public Life and Columbia
University Press are sponsoring a book series devoted to the investigation of the
role of religion in society and culture today. Th is series includes works by scholars
in religious studies, po liti cal science, history, cultural anthropology, economics,
social psychology, and other allied fi elds whose work sustains multidisciplinary
and comparative as well as transnational analyses of historical and contempo-
rary issues. Th e series focuses on issues related to questions of diff erence, identity,
and practice within local, national, and international contexts. Special attention
is paid to the ways in which religious traditions encourage confl ict, violence, and
intolerance and also support human rights, ecumenical values, and mutual under-
standing. By mediating alternative methodologies and diff erent religious, social,
and cultural traditions, books published in this series will open channels of
communication that facilitate critical analysis.
For a complete list of the books in this series, see page 347–348.
PAKISTAN
AT THE
CROSSROADS
DOMESTIC DYNAMICS
AND EXTERNAL PRESSURES
CHRISTOPHE JAFFRELOT
EDITOR
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS ■ NEW YORK
Columbia University Press
Publishers Since 1893
New York Chichester, West Sussex
cup . columbia . edu
Copyright © 2016 Columbia University Press
All rights reserved
Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data
Pakistan at the crossroads : domestic dynamics and external pressures /
Christophe Jaff relot, (ed.).
pages ; cm.—(Religion, culture, and public life)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-231-17306-3 (cloth : alk. paper)
ISBN 978-0-231-54025-4 (e- book)
1. Pakistan— Politics and government. 2. Pakistan— Foreign relations.
I. Jaff relot, Christophe, editor. II. Series: Religion, culture, and public life.
DS389.P34264 2016
954.9105'3— dc23
2015024699
Columbia University Press books are printed on permanent and durable acid- free paper.
Th is book is printed on paper with recycled content.
Printed in the United States of America
c 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Cover design: Martin Hinze
References to websites (URLs) were accurate at the time of writing.
Neither the author nor Columbia University Press is responsible for URLs
that may have expired or changed since the manuscript was prepared.
CONTENTS
Ac know ledg ments vii
Introduction: Pakistan, the Interface State 1
Christophe Jaff relot
PART I: THE DOMESTIC SCENE
1 Th e Military and Democracy 23
Aqil Shah
2 Th e Operational Dynamics of Po liti cal Parties in Pakistan 62
Mohammad Waseem
3 Th e Judiciary as a Po liti cal Actor 89
Philip Oldenburg
4 Turmoil in the Frontier 121
Mariam Abou Zahab
5 Internal Security Issues in Pakistan: Prospects of Police
and Law Enforcement Reform 136
Hassan Abbas
6 P akistan’s Economy: Domestic Dissent and Foreign Reliance 165
Shahid Javed Burki and Adnan Naseemullah
PART II: THE INTERNATIONAL DIMENSIONS
7 Pakistan– Afghanistan Relations Since 2001:
Th ere Are No Endgames 191
Avinash Paliwal
8 U.S.– Pakistan Relations Under Obama:
Resilience of Clientelism? 219
Christophe Jaff relot
9 Pakistan– China Symbiotic Relations 279
Farah Jan and Serge Granger
10 Pakistan Between Saudi Arabia and Iran:
Islam in the Politics and Economics of Western Asia 301
Sana Haroon
List of Contributors 335
Index 339
VI | CONTENTS
AC KNOW LEDG MENTS
T
his collection of essays draws from two conferences that w ere org an ized
at Columbia University thanks to the support of the Alliance Pro-
gram (Columbia University, Sciences Po, Polytechnique, and Paris
1— Sorbonne). Th ese meetings were hosted by the Center for Democracy,
Toleration, and Religion, now a part of the Institute for Religion, Culture,
and Public Life (IRCPL).
Th ese meetings would not have been possible without the personal
involvement of Alfred Stepan, who engaged with the participants in the
most stimulating way on both occasions. Melissa Van, assistant director of
IRCPL, played a key role in the org an iz at ion of these conferences and in the
fi nalization of the book. Karen Barkey, the successor of Al Stepan at the helm
of the IRCPL, and Walid Hammam, her assistant director, subsequently
made the publication of this book possible.
Last but not least, the formatting of this volume owes much to Maryam
Mastoor, whose dedication to the cause of scholarship impressed me when
she worked at the Centre de Recherches Internationales (CERI), at Sciences
Po, my alma mater in Paris, as an intern.

PAKISTAN AT THE CROSSROADS