Table Of Content

Table of Contents Title Page Dedication Acknowledgements Acronyms PART ONE - Land, People and History Chapter 1 - Introduction: Understanding Pakistan PAKISTAN, AFGHANISTAN AND THE TALEBAN TOUGHER THAN IT LOOKS WEAK STATE, STRONG SOCIETIES ‘FEUDALS’ HOW PAKISTAN WORKS THE NEGOTIATED STATE A GAMBLE ON THE INDUS THE PAKISTANI ECONOMY LIVING IN PAKISTAN A NOTE ON KINSHIP TERMS Chapter 2 - The Struggle for Muslim South Asia ‘ISLAM IN DANGER’ RELIGIOUS AND SECULAR RESPONSES THE GENESIS OF PAKISTAN THE NEW PAKISTANI STATE ATTEMPTS AT CHANGE FROM ABOVE ZULFIKAR ALI BHUTTO ZIA-UL-HAQ PART TWO - Structures Chapter 3 - Justice THE CUSTOM OF THE COUNTRY THE POLICE THE COURTS THE LAWYERS’ MOVEMENT THE SHARIAH NOT QUITE AS BAD AS IT LOOKS Chapter 4 - Religion FEUDING THEOLOGIANS THE LIMITS TO RADICALISM SAINTLY POLITICIANS SHRINES AND SUPERSTITION PURITANS, FUNDAMENTALISTS, REFORMISTS: THE JAMAAT ISLAMI MILITANTS Chapter 5 - The Military AN ARMY WITH A STATE THE MILITARY FAMILY HISTORY AND COMPOSITION INTER-SERVICES INTELLIGENCE, KASHMIR AND THE MILITARY – JIHADI NEXUS THE PAKISTANI NUCLEAR DETERRENT Chapter 6 - Politics THE MILITARY AND POLITICS HOW THE SYSTEM WORKS A POLITICIAN’S LIFE THE MEDIA THE PAKISTAN PEOPLE’S PARTY (PPP) THE PAKISTAN MUSLIM LEAGUE (NAWAZ) (PML(N)) THE MUTTAHIDA QAUMI MAHAZ (MQM) PART THREE - The Provinces Chapter 7 - Punjab PAKISTAN’S PROVINCIAL BALANCE DIFFERENT PUNJABS LAHORE, THE HISTORIC CAPITAL PUNJABI HISTORY AND THE IMPACT OF MIGRATION PUNJAB’S REGIONS INDUSTRIALISTS SECTARIANS AND TERRORISTS MULTAN Chapter 8 - Sindh THE HISTORY OF SINDH INDEPENDENCE AND MOHAJIR – SINDHI RELATIONS RISE OF THE MQM (MOHAJIR QAUMI MAHAZ OR MOHAJIR PEOPLE’S MOVEMENT) KARACHI’S ETHNIC FRONT LINES INTERIOR SINDH HUNTING BOAR AND LEADING TRIBES ‘FEUDAL’ DOMINATION EXISTENTIAL THREATS? Chapter 9 - Balochistan DISPUTED HISTORY, DISPUTED POPULATION THE BALOCH INSURGENCY AFTER 2000 BALOCH TRIBALISM THE TREATMENT OF WOMEN VISIT TO A BUGTI PAKISTAN AND BALOCHISTAN Chapter 10 - The Pathans THE MOUNTAINS AND THE PLAINS THE PATHAN TRADITION AND PATHAN NATIONALISM THE FEDERALLY ADMINISTERED TRIBAL AREAS (FATA) PATHAN POLITICAL CULTURE THE AWAMI NATIONAL PARTY (ANP) JAMIAT-E-ULEMA-E-ISLAM (JUI, COUNCIL OF ISLAMIC CLERICS) PART FOUR - The Taleban Chapter 11 - The Pakistani Taleban THE RISE OF THE PAKISTANI TALEBAN THE NATURE OF THE PAKISTANI TALEBAN THE LINEAGE OF THE PAKISTANI TALEBAN THE MOHMAND AGENCY Chapter 12 - Defeating the Taleban? PUBLIC OPINION AND THE TALEBAN THE ANP AND THE TALEBAN THE POLICE AND THE ARMY THE TURNING POINT THE BACKGROUND TO REVOLT IN SWAT VISIT TO SWAT MINGORA TO DOROSHKHEL Conclusions Notes Books Consulted Glossary Appendix One: Chronology of Muslim South Asia Appendix Two: Pakistani Statistics Index Copyright Page In memory of my grandparents, George Henry Monahan, Indian Civil Service Helen Monahan (née Kennedy) and their son, Captain Hugh Monahan MC, 5th Royal Gurkha Rifles (Frontier Force) and in honour of their successors in the civil and military services of Pakistan, India and Bangladesh Acknowledgements This book would not have been possible had it not been for the immense kindness and hospitality of many Pakistanis, who invited me to their homes and talked to me frankly about their lives and their opinions – so many that the great majority will have to go unthanked. I am especially indebted to Ashraf and Ambrin Hayat and their family in Islamabad. I hope that my prolonged stays with them did not disrupt their lives too much. Syed Fakr Imam and Syeda Abida Hussain have been most gracious hosts over the years in their various residences, and shared with me their knowledge of politics, history and culture. Najam and Jugnu Sethi have been good friends and kind hosts for an equal time. Naeem Pasha and Kathy Gannon have entertained me more often than I can remember, and Kathy has shared her incomparable knowledge of matters Afghan. Naveed and Saeed Elahi have both given most generously of their time and helped me enormously with advice, information and contacts. Whether in official service or the media, Maleeha Lodhi has been unfailingly kind, helpful and insightful. Her comments on parts of the manuscript were extremely valuable. I must also thank Shuja Nawaz, Asad Hashim and Hasan- Askari Rizvi for their comments. Of course, responsibility for the contents of this book, and the opinions expressed in it, is entirely my own. Among legions of Pakistani journalists and analysts who have helped me over the years, I must especially mention my old colleague Zahid Hussain, together with Zafar Abbas, Ejaz Haider, Imran Aslam, Behrouz Khan and Mosharraf Zaidi. In Peshawar, I am most grateful to Rahimullah Yusufzai for all his help, and to Amina Khan and her family, to Brigadier Saad, Brigadier Javed Iqbal, Khalid Aziz, and Fakhruddin Khan. It was also most kind of General Zafrullah Khan and the Frontier Constabulary to invite me to stay in their mess in Peshawar in the summer of 2009. Similarly, I must thank the Vice-Chancellor of Faislabad Agricultural University, Professor Iqraar, for inviting me to speak there and putting me up at the university guest house, Dr Faisal Zaidi and the staff of Broomfield Hall in Multan for inviting me to speak there, Dr Mohammed Amir Rana and the staff of the Pakistan Institute of Peace Studies and Ambassador Tanvir Khan and the Institute of Strategic Studies in Islamabad. I am also most