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289 Pages·2009·2.24 MB·English

Mining in Africa
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Mining in Africa
Regulation and Development
Edited by Bonnie Campbell
Groupe de recherche sur les activités
minières en Afrique (GRAMA)
Faculty of Political Science and Law
Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM)
Bonnie Campbell, Gisèle Belem, Marie Mazalto, Bruno Sarasin
With the collaboration of Thomas Akabzaa
Department of Geology, University of Ghana, Legon
International Development Research Centre
Ottawa · Cairo · Dakar · Montevideo · Nairobi · New Delhi · Singapore
First published 2009 by Pluto Press
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Distributed in the United States of America exclusively by
Palgrave Macmillan, a division of St. Martin's Press LLC,
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International Development Research Centre
PO Box 8500
Ottawa, ON, Canada K1G 3H9
www.idrc.ca / [email protected]
ISBN 978-1-55250-450-5 (e-book)
The Nordic Africa Institute
P O Box 1703, SE-751 47 Uppsala, Sweden
www.nai.uu.se
ISBN 978-91-7106-647-3 (e-book)
Copyright © Bonnie Campbell 2009
The right of the individual contributors to be identified as the authors of this work
has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents
Act 1988.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 978 0 7453 2940 6 Hardback
ISBN 978 0 7453 2939 0 Paperback
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CONTENTS
List of figures vi
List of tables vii
List of maps viii
Acknowledgements ix
Acronyms and abbreviations xi
Introduction 1
Bonnie Campbell
1 Mining in Ghana: Implications for National Economic
Development and Poverty Reduction 25
Thomas Akabzaa
2 Guinea and Bauxite-Aluminium: The Challenges of
Development and Poverty Reduction 66
Bonnie Campbell
3 Mining, Poverty Reduction, the Protection of the
Environment and the Role of the World Bank Group
in Mali 119
Gisèle Belem
4 Mining and Protection of the Environment in Madagascar 150
Bruno Sarrasin
5 Governance, Human Rights and Mining in the
Democratic Republic of Congo 187
Marie Mazalto
Conclusion: What Development Model? What
Governance Agenda? 243
Bonnie Campbell
Index 261
[ v ]
FIGURES
1.1 Comparison between foreign and domestic staff
in Ghana’s mining sector (1994–2006) 50
1.2 Employment trends in Ghana’s mining sector (1994–2006) 51
1.3 Distribution of mining royalty among stakeholders 56
2.1 Guinea: national production of bauxite (1986–2006) 70
2.2 Guinea: central government revenue share (1996–2008) 96
2.3 Guinea: exports of goods (1995–2009) 96
2.4 Guinea: export and mining taxes (1996–2004) 97
3.1 Gold production in Mali (1985–2006) 130
3.2 Mali: the contribution of gold and cotton to GDP
(1990–2005) 131
3.3 Divergence between actual production and the feasibility
study estimates for the Sadiola and Morila mines 140
4.1 Stages for obtaining a mining permit: the case of QMM 165
[ vi ]
TABLES
1.1 Contribution of the mining sector to gross exports
value (1984–2005) 29
1.2 Comparison of the fiscal and related provisions of the
Minerals and Mining legislations of 1986 and 2006 40
1.3 List of Defined Rents and Taxes provided by Act 703 42
1.4 Contribution of mining to revenue collection by IRS
(1990–2005) 45
1.5 Government revenue from dividends 47
1.6 Distribution of royalty receipts at the local level 57
2.1 Guinea: central government revenue (2000–07) 68
2.2 Guinean central government financial operations
(in billions of Guinean francs) 86
2.3 Guinean central government financial operations
(in % of GDP) 87
2.4 Guinea: the major mining companies and their
contribution to national employment (2001) 100
3.1 Mali: tax and customs measures in the 1991 and 1999
Mining Codes 127
3.2 The principal mines in Mali 131
3.3 Environmental legislation governing the Sadiola and
Morila mines 132
3.4 International norms and voluntary initiatives adopted
by AngloGold Ashanti Ltd 133
4.1 The role of agencies involved in environmental
management of the mining sector in Madagascar 160
4.2 Environmental components of the legal framework for
mining operations in Madagascar 162
4.3 Typology of the stakeholders involved in the Tolagnaro
mining investment project 170
5.1 Human development and health indicators in DRC 225
[ vii ]
MAPS
3.1 Location of principal gold mining operations in Mali 129
4.1 The mineral deposits of the Tolagnaro Project 167
5.1 Principal minerals in DRC 188
[ viii ]
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This study was produced by Bonnie Campbell, Thomas Akabzaa,
Gisèle Belem, Marie Mazalto, and Bruno Sarrasin who are members
of the Groupe de recherche sur les activités minières en Afrique
(GRAMA), which is part of the Chaire C.-A. Poissant de recherche
sur la gouvernance et l’aide au développement of the Institut d’études
internationales de Montréal (IEIM) and the Faculty of Political
Science and Law at the Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM).
Bonnie Campbell is a professor of political economy at the Depart-
ment of Political Science at UQAM, Bruno Sarrasin a professor at the
Department of Urban Studies and Tourism at the same university and
Thomas Akabzaa is professor of geology at the University of Ghana,
Legon. At the time of writing, Marie Mazalto and Gisèle Belem were
completing their doctoral degrees in sociology and environmental
studies respectively at UQAM.
This volume is the result of a three-year research programme
(2004–07) entitled ‘Extractive Industries and Sustainable Development
in Africa: An Evaluation of Policy Reforms and Recommendations’
which was made possible thanks to the financial support of Canada's
International Development Research Centre (IDRC). We wish to
express our sincere gratitude to IDRC for making this programme
possible.
We would like as well to express our gratitude to Patrick Bolland
for his kind assistance in the translation to English of the chapters on
Mali, Madagascar and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
We wish to thank Suzie Boulanger and Djifa Ahado for their
meticulous and invaluable assistance in ensuring the finalisation of
this manuscript.
A very special word of appreciation goes to Gisèle Morin-
Labatut of IDRC for her confidence and support over the years for
the work which we have carried out.
We also wish to thank the IDRC and the Nordic Africa Institute
for their generous support in the publication of the volume.
[ ix ]