Page 2 GENERAL HISTORY OF AFRICA-V Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century ...

1071 Pages·2010·29.15 MB·English

GENERAL HISTORY OF AFRICA- V
Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century
UNESCO General History of Africa
Volume I Methodology and African Prehistory
(Editor J. Ki-Zerbo)
Volume II Ancient Civilizations of Africa
(Editor G. Mokhtar)
Volume III Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh Century
(Editor M. El Fasi)
(Assistant Editor I. Hrbek)
Volume IV Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century
(Editor D. T. Niane)
Volume V Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century
(Editor B. A. Ogot)
Volume VI Africa in the Nineteenth Century until the 1880s
(Editor J. F. A. Ajayi)
Volume VII Africa under Colonial Domination, 1880-1935
(Editor A. A. Boahen)
Volume VIII Africa since 1935
(Editor A. A. Mazrui)
(Assistant Editor C. Wondji)
UNESCO International Scientific Committee for the Drafting of a General History of Africa
GENERAL HISTORY
OF AFRICA-V
Africa from the Sixteenth
to the Eighteenth Century
EDITOR B.A.OGOT
HEINEMANNCALIFORNIAUNESCO
First published in 1992 by the
United Nations Educational, Scientific
and Cultural Organization,
7 Place de Fontenoy, 75700 Paris
and
Heinemann International Literature and Textbooks
a division of Heinemann Educational Books Ltd
Halley Court, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8EJ
PMB 5205, Ibadan, PO Box 54314, Nairobi
PO Box 10103, Village Post Office, Gaborone
OXFORD EDINBURGH MADRID
PARIS ATHENS BOLOGNA MELBOURNE
SYDNEY AUCKLAND SINGAPORE
TOKYO PORTSMOUTH NH (USA) HARARE
First published 1992
in the United States of America by the
University of California Press
2120 Berkeley Way, Berkeley
California 94720, United States of America
Reprinted in 2000 by UNESCO Publishing
1 rue Miollis, 75732 PARJS Cedex 15, France
© UNESCO 1992
Maps drawn by John Gilkes
Heinemann International Literature
and Textbooks ISBN o 435 948113
UNESCO ISBN 92-3 -1 o 1711 -X
University of California Press ISBN 0-520 039165
The ideas and opinions expressed in this book
are those of the authors and do not necessarily
represent the views of UNESCO.
The designation employed and the
presentation of material throughout the
publication do not imply the expression of any
opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO
concerning the legal status of any country,
territory, city or area or of its authorities, or
concerning its frontiers or boundaries.
Filmset in upt Monophoto Ehrhardt by
Butler & Tanner Ltd, Frome and London
Contents
Note on chronology ix
Key for Maps xi
List of Figures xiii
List of Plates xvii
Acknowledgements for plates xxi
Preface xxiii
AMADOU-MAHTAR M'BOW, Director-General of UNESCO (1974-
1987)
Description of the project xxix
B. A. OGOT, President of the International Scientific Committee for the
Drafting of a General History of Africa (1978-1983)
1 The struggle for international trade and its implications for
Africa 1
M. MALOWIST
2 African political, economic and social structures during this
period 23
P. DIAGNE
3 Population movements and emergence of new socio-political forms
in Africa 46
J. VANSINA
4 Africa in world history: the export slave trade from Africa and the
emergence of the Atlantic economic order 74
J.E. INIKORI
5 The African diaspora in the Old and New Worlds 113
J.E.HARRIS
6 The Ottoman conquest of Egypt 137
R. VESELY
7 The Sudan, 1500-1800 170
Y. F. HASAN and B. A. OGOT
8 Morocco 200
M. EL FASI
9 Algeria, Tunisia and Libya: the Ottomans and their heirs 233
M.H. CHERIF
v
Contents
io Senegambia from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century: evolution
of the Wolof, Sereer and 'Tukuloor' 262
B. BARRY
11 The end of the Songhay empire 300
M. ABITBOL
12 From the Niger to the Volta 327
M. IZARD and J. KI-ZERBO
13 The states and cultures of the Upper Guiñean coast 368
C. WONDJI
14 The states and cultures of the Lower Guiñean coast 399
A.A.BOAHEN
15 Fon and Yoruba: the Niger delta and the Cameroon 434
E.J. ALAGOA
16 The Hausa states 453
D. LAYA
17 Känem-Borno: its relations with the Mediterranean Sea, Bagirmi
and other states in the Chad basin 492
B.M. BARKINDO
18 From the Cameroon grasslands to the Upper Nile 515
E. M'BOKOLO
19 The Kongo kingdom and its neighbours 546
J. VANSINA, based on a contribution by T. OBENGA
20 The political system of the Luba and Lunda: its emergence and
expansion 588
Ndaywel è NZIEM
21 The northern Zambezia-Lake Malawi region 608
K. M. PHIRI, O.J. M. KALINGA and H. H. K. BHILA
22 Southern Zambezia 640
H.H.K. BHILA
23 Southern Africa 683
D. DENOON
24 The Horn of Africa 703
E. HABERLAND
25 East Africa: the coast 750
A. I. SALIM
26 The Great Lakes region, 1500-1800 776
J. B. WEBSTER, B. A. OGOT and J. P. CHRETIEN
Contents
27 The interior of East Africa: the peoples of Kenya and Tanzania,
1500-1800 828
W.R. OCHIENG1
28 Madagascar and the islands of the Indian Ocean 849
R.K.KENT
29 The historical development of African societies, 1500-1800:
conclusion 895
B. A. OGOT
Members of the International Scientific Committee for the drafting of a
General History of Africa 906
Biographies of Authors 908
Bibliography 912
Glossary 963
Index 988
vii
Note on chronology
It has been agreed to adopt the following method for writing dates. With
regard to prehistory, dates may be written in two different ways.
One way is by reference to the present era, that is, dates BP (before
present), the reference year being + 1950; all dates are negative in relation
to +1950.
The other way is by reference to the beginning of the Christian era.
Dates are represented in relation to the Christian era by a simple + or —
sign before the date. When referring to centuries, the terms BC and AD are
replaced by 'before the Christian era' and 'of the Christian era'.
Some examples are as follows:
(i) 2300 BP=-350
(ii) 2900 BC= —2900
AD l800= +180O
(iii) 5th century BC= 5th century before the Christian era
3rd century AD = 3rd century of the Christian era
ix
Key for Maps
ASANTE Ethnic groups
TAKRUR States
SAHARA Regions
Agadir Towns
Niger Rivers, lakes
• Site of town
G Site of city
Additional information and keys are given on individual maps.
xi