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Essential y:
English
Words / |
4000 Essential English Words 6
recep egos hae

‘Sheltie om
shin ts iy. de ino ee a ne ov,
Sater amenniee Seemeae am cobceas El
aru, ata, ot ore, ino ni nan eng ect,
ep nna petoy, pn Sel a rea oe

absurd anemia, astocracy, aristocrat attire, craze, enlarge excess, femiine hallmark,
‘ad, predominant, reputable rouge, signi, sap, angle varity, vi, wl i

atc chunk civ descent, in, sts us, gourmet, enc, tn ket, mins, 9)
‘o1eal outspoker, overwork, particular pungent snore, soundly, superintendent A
erate, apologetic, benign, char, cai catress, dogged ensue, gasp neste, | 3))
‘overdose, persuasion, relay, reluctance, restate, sesame, sb vege Wry aver we

ashore, conrad, counterpart, devod diverge, etude, embryo end, icious. ate, | 9g
homogeneous, obstuct plunge, poor blz, soarse, urls there, ve gous | 98

tar artis, botany credible, deceased, deception decipher, dung, dusk, atily,
hone, mash, ornate, pneumonia, psychi psycho, scope, sisters, therapeutic

congested courier, defo, equi, excuse eight garment. nso, intuitive, fable,
‘obsess, overboard, premium, pivege, propel, socialize suppress, ram, unset, warp

a, detention, use, forage, impede, induce nsepartie vais magi, ainteam, | gg
‘icobe,nepipble, aaysis pest rel span, rue, savage, tur, susceptible

‘sccumulate, ei apparatus avalanche, consistency, convection, charge intact, mortal 1g)
‘omen overcast, poignant, anger, rubble, secude, sideways, sob, sober, speck upbringing, 2
advocate, authorize, civilian, commodity, conquest, disclose, dynamics, enol enous,
‘euphoria festive, fol etl marshal, morale, prophecy, sage, senate, Sentiment, unrest
adorn, bliss, butler, cramp, dapidated, evoke farewell. faucet ith, Naw. sin, i
housekeeping, mound, mb, reckless late, stool, testament, timber, valve

cert colaboate, compile, counteract. cur, dlagnose, erat federation gross. humane, | yp)
Injlerabe, needy, onset pledge. prohibi rash, render, smalipox, ens. ow

‘camouag, contemplate, contend, cot, elt ont, handbook estat lush, marow,
‘uti, paw, iver, splendid, say substantial, torch, act, al, weary

xh an compassion, coat dey pier hampers mae,
‘metabo veconde, paramount practioner prison, epeish sere upgrade, abe, et
amid, backstage, bilfonaie, bate, clumsy cole, cup, evacuate, flammable, mob,
Premature reser, sate, criti, segregate, subject ety, smu underestimate uproar

accelerate, ane, defect, crear, pict, eecremagnei electron ge, ingericus, oration, |)
Innate az mero meteor penetrate, puso, sue, spur, sates 108

Gq Target Words oes |
16
7
1B

lnorhand centigrade, cater, concerto, condense, cove, dette, exten, renay. hea,
hospitable, man, monastery, nursery outstetche, parce, prof, viacious, winding. zp

Jp) rer, Amie, advent, constlation, definitive, uate, inhale, ive, una, novel,
‘cutmoded, personal pertain, primal, psychi, yh. ref, siz, session, ens

Bo) she adverse, dependency, dump ete actuate, rca, iemedt,teritet, 99)
oLate See
_ aS aR eee
See
“coward, delete, firsthand, eames ethnic, exclude, fluent, imperial, inclusive, legislature, |)
late fare a pe

allocate, appetizing blizzard, cavity clockwise, concent, courtesy, isp, scr gid,
femeate gloil interchange ker, mutica omission, oversee, ple replicate, way)

abide, conven, cram, defer export, ume, habitual jst output ovepopuiation patent |g)
penal, petroleum, prototype, scrap, sector subscribe, subsist suspend, synthesis
_scobat advocacy communal, fd, harmonize, industous, inventive, ud, Mandarin, [9g
‘retopotan, mimic misguided, rehearse, cm, eso, ate, lan vie 92

<consrin, depot, emulate, forefinger, gu, nherent, intimidate janitor, moist, nope,
prod, ransom, estan, saliva spit, spint. tum, tolerant, vampire yawn

analogy, ancestry, ache, conspiacy, deputy, eat agran funnel, hereditary, hymn,
invert, pey, procession, prophet, sarcastic, seasoning, sodium, tranny. rant, vinegar

acjinng allege arch, assemble casually, erect, foul hectare, heghten, hospitality,
‘mansion, outnumber, overjoyed, pasture, petition, renovate, revise, slab terace, turf

ansiogous, binoculars, bull comprise, depict, dual Fvenhet, ull grove, oe, outback,
‘outweigh, parado, ier, shortcut tif, thermometer tit, ie verse, whereabouts

amber, charcoal, columnist, courteous, rede, crickets, det, detergent, euphemism,
‘expt, grote, gavel, haunt, bea, maze, moss, peck, pebble, ess, steak |
‘About the Vocabulary

The 600 words in each book of this series along with the additional target words.
presented in the appendices included inthe fst three books of the series are the most
useful words in English. They were found by analysis ofa collection of English course
‘books from various levels in the primary, secondary and tertiary school systems. The
words included in this series were chosen because they occurred many times in different
levels ofthese materials. Because ofthe way

that they were chosen, these words have the following characteristics:

1 They are useful in both spoken and writen English, No matter what English course
you are studying, the words in these books willbe of value to you.

2. Each word in these books is a high-frequency word. This means that the effort in
learning the words is well repaid by the numberof times learners have a chance to
encounter or use them.

3. These books as a whole cover large proportion ofthe words in any spoken or written
text. They cover atleast 80% ofthe words in newspapers and academic texts, and
atleast 90% ofthe words in novels. They also cover atleast 90% of the words in
conversation.

About the Books

The activities in these books are specially designed to make use of important leari
conditions. Firstly the words are introduced using sentence definitions and an example
sentence. The activities that follow in the units encourage learners to recall the meanings
{and forms of the words. Some activities also make the learners think about the meaning
‘ofthe words in the context ofa sentence—a sentence diferent from the sentences that
‘occured in the introduction of the words. Moreover, each unit ends witha story containing
the target words. While reading the story the learners have to recall the meanings ofthe
words and suit them tothe context of the story. Such activities help learners develop a
better understanding ofa common meaning for a given word which fits the diferent uses.

Ilustrations for each target word are provided to help learmers visualize the word as it
{is being used in the example sentence. These word/image associations aim to help
‘students grasp the meaning of the word as well as recall the word later
It should be noted that words have more than one grammatical category. However, this
series focuses on the word's most common form. Tis is mentioned to remind learners
that ust because a word is labeled and utlized as @ noun in this series does not mean
thatit can never be used in another form such as an adjective. This series has simply
Focused on the word inthe form that tis most likely to be expressed.

Supporting Learning with Outside Activities

‘Awell balanced language course provides four major opportunities for learning: learning
‘through input, learning through output, deliberate learning, and fluency development. The
highly structured activities in these books suppor all four types of learning opportunities.
In addition, learning can further be supported through the following activities:

1 Have students create vocabulary cards with one word from the unit on one side ofthe
‘ard and the translation ofthe word inthe student’ frst language on the other side.
‘Students should use the cards for study in free moments during the day. Over several
weeks, students wil ind that quick repeated studying for bref periods of time is more
effective than studying for hours atone sitting.

2. Assign graded readers at students’ appropriate levels. Reading such books provides
both enjoyment as well as meaning focused input which wil help the words stick in
‘students’ memory.

3. Practice reading fluency to promote faster recall of word meaning for both sight
recognition and usage. Compass Publishing's Reading for Speed and Fluencyis @
good resource for reading fluency material.

4 Include listening, speaking, and writing activities in classes. Reinforcement of the
high-frequency vocabulary presented inthis series is important across all the four
language skis
Word List

alleviate

Toalleviate pain or suering means to make it ess intense or severe
= She needed something 10 alleviate the pain in her back

astrology
Astrology isthe study ofthe stars inthe belief that they influence people's lives.
+ Jock, who studies astrology, believes that the stars can predict the future.

differentiate (ssrenjo

To differentiate things or people isto show the difference between them,
= ltwas hard to differentiate between the identical wins.

disrupt (sc v
Todisrupt something or someone isto prevent them from working.
The loud crash disrupted the class lecture.

equation |
{An equation is a math operation ta determine the value of something.
+ used the Pythagorean theorem to solve the equation

err tory

Toe means to make a mistake,
= The pliot erred in his estimate ofthe time it would take to make the trip.

erroneous

‘When something s eroneous, itis incorrect or only partly corect.
+ The child held the erroneous belief that time machines were rea.

frantic (iss! oi

If people or things are frantic, they behave ina wild way because they are frightened
= The cat become fant when | ‘red to give ita bath

bul

The hull ofa boat or tanks the main body of it
+ After the wreck at ea, the ship's hull was the last partto sink

inadvertent i

\When an action is inadvertent, itis done without realizing what you are doin.
= She made an inadvertent error when she knocked over the nail polish,
:

improvise | 0-0 »

To improvise something is todo it with whateveris available or without planning.
~ There wos no meat forthe pizza, o we improvised with what wasn the fridge.

latitude ieroyset »
The latitude ofa place is its distance from the equator
= The device was able to tell the traveler his exact latitude.

mariner nore
‘Amariner isa salir.
= The old mariner used his telescope to find the shore.

multitude (misio!
‘A multitude of things or people isa very large number of them.
+A multitude of people were waiting atthe airport.

nuisance [yer

AAnuisance i @ person or thing that is annoying or causes a lt of problems.
= The teenager considered her noisy litle brother to be quite a nulsance.

permanence psimso2r
‘The permanence of something i its ability to last forever.
Poor results wil threaten the permanence ofthe new teaching system.

revolve fio»

Torevolve around something isto keep it asthe man feature ot focus.
= My life revolves around sports.

soothe [su 0)

To soothe means to calm someone who is angry ar upset.

= The mother soothed her crying baby by rocking him in her arms.
stranded (sre og

1¥ Someone is stranded, they ae prevented from leaving a place.

“+ When the plane left, my sister and | were stranded in China.
volatile (oo) 0

When something is volatile, itis likely to change suddenly and unexpectedly.
= The volatile volcano might explode atany moment.
Exercise

Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part.
41, He chose to painta picture on the main body of the boat.

2. When the plane crashed on the island, the passenger knew he was prevented from leaving.

3. | admired the very large numberof stamps in his collection.

4, 100k some aspirin to make less my back pain.

5. The counties were concerned about the treaty’s ably to last forever.

6. Australia's distance from the equatoris ess extreme than | imagined.

'm still not sure the math operation | did was correct.

8. When the rats got out ofthe cage the git was behaving in wild way because of fear.

9. The incorrect or partly corect information gave us the wrong idea about the president,

10. When he forgot his rope at home, he had to make one using whatever was availabe.