Paddy and the Republic: Ethnicity and Nationalty in the Antebellum America PDF
Preview Paddy and the Republic: Ethnicity and Nationalty in the Antebellum America
Paddy and the Republic Dale T. Knobel Paddy and th e R epublic Ethnicity and Nationality in Antebellum America Wesleyan University Press Middletown, Connecticut Copyright © 1986 by Dale T. Knobel All rights reserved Brief portions of this book appeared in the following articles by the author: “Know-Nothings and Indians: Strange Bedfellows” in The Western Historical Quar terly, April 1984; “A Vocabulary of Ethnic Perception: Content Analysis of the American Stage Irishman, 1820-1860” in Journal of American Studies, April 1981; and “Native Soil”: Nativists, Colonizationists, and the Rhetoric of Nationality” in Civil War History, December 1981. All inquiries and permission requests should be addressed to the Publisher, Wesleyan University Press, 110 Mt. Vernon Street, Middletown, Connecticut 06457- Distributed by Harper & Row Publishers, Keystone Industrial Park, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18512. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION DATA Knobel, Dale T., 1949- Paddy and the republic. Bibliography: p. Includes index. i. Irish Americans—Public opinion—History—19th century. 2. Public opinion—United States—History— 19th century. 3. United States—Ethnic relations. 4. Nativism—History— 19th century. 1. Tide. Ei 84.16x57 1986 973'.049i62 85-8554 ISBN 0-8195-5117-1 (alk. paper) Manufactured in the United States of America First Edition For my mother and father Contents List of Illustrations ix Preface xi Acknowledgments xix INTRODUCTION Paddy and the Republic 3 CHAPTER ONE Finding Paddy 21 CHAPTER TWO “The Sin of the Irishman Is Ignorance— The Cure Is Liberty” 39 CHAPTER THREE “An Irishman by Nature” 68 CHAPTER FOUR Science and the Celt 104 CHAPTER FIVE Paddy and the Know-Nothings 129 CHAPTER SIX Ethnicity and Nationality in Antebellum America 165 Appendix A Content Analysis 183 Appendix B Sources and Sampling 200 Notes 207 Index 241 vii Illustrations NURTURE (following p. 76) “The Lament of the Irish Emigrant”: title page of popular 1840s ballad A “flood” of Paddies: cartoon, Harper's Monthly, 1856 The stage Irishman: Tyrone Powers 1847 farce, Howto Pay the Rent Counting the Irish: Federal Manuscript Census, Hudson, Ohio, 1850 “Here and There; or Emigration the Remedy” : English woodcut, 1848 “By industry and economy I am become prosperous”: lithograph, 1843 “Popery Undermining Free Schools”: woodcut, The Papal Conspiracy Exposed, 1855 “Jamie and the Bishop”: cartoon from the election campaign of 1844 Anti-Catholic newspaper: The Protestant Vindicator, 1841 Protestant martyrs: illustration from A Pictorial History of England, 1845 Philadelphia “Bible Riots”: broadside, 1844 Philadelphia “Bible Riots”: lithograph 1844 NATURE (following p. 156) New clothes, same old Paddy: cartoon, Harper's Monthly, 1854 “Celtic” physiognomy: cartoon of New York cabmen, Harper's Weekly, i860 Lantern-jawed and low-browed Irish threaten the public schools: car toon, Harper's Monthly, 1852 'Wanted—Protestant Girls”: advertisement, The New York Times, 1852 A half-human Irish family: cartoon, Harper's Monthly, 1855 “Hans”, comic and benign caricature of the German immigrant: Harper's Monthly, 1856 IX X ILLUSTRATIONS / TABLES “Tidy little” German housemaid: cartoon, Harper's Weekly, i860 Paddy, the “ape” behind the angel: cartoon, Harfe/s Monthly, 1856 Bridget, vulgar, drunken, and violent: cartoon, Harfe/s Monthly, 1855 “Contrasted Faces”: ethnic caricatures from New Physiognomy, 1866 “Repository of Science, Literature, General Intelligence”: American Phrenological Journal, 1855 The “untrained, blunt, coarse bog-trotter”: Irish represented in New Physiognomy Nativist self-image with alien as serpent: icon of the Order of United Americans, 1851 Nativists’ nightmare, immigrants stealing ballot box: political cartoon, 1850s “Beware of foreign influence”: nativist campaign broadside, 1850s “Simian” Irishmen: caricature by Thomas Nast, Harfe/s Weekly, 1867 TABLES The following tables affear in Affendix A: 1. Categories of Ethnic Description 186 2. An Antebellum “Dictionary” of Ethnic Adjectives 189 3. Distribution of Items in Two Adjectival Dictionaries 193 4. Categorization of “Unit-Perceptions” in Antebellum Conversation 194 5. Evaluative Assertion Analysis Computation 197 6. Evaluative Assertion Analysis in Seven Media 199 The following tables affear in the Notes: i. 1-2. i Distribution of “Unit-Perceptions” 212-18, 222 5-ï—5-3 Two languages of Ethnic Descriptions 232-33
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