Oxygen Uptake Kinetics in Sport, Exercise and Medicine

433 Pages·2004·18.39 MB·English

by  Andrew M. Jones, David C. Poole

Oxygen Uptake Kinetics in Sport,
Exercise and Medicine
When we get up from a chair, run to catch a ball or bus, or participate in any
athletic event, the energetic demands of our muscles change rapidly. In the
transition from rest to movement, the pulmonary, cardiovascular and muscular
systems increase the oxygen supply to muscle mitochondria, allowing aerobic
respiration and energy production to increase in turn. If an individual can
'switch on' this aerobic energy system quickly, he or she will fatigue less rapidly
and be better able to tolerate the demands of any exercise or physical activity.
These oxygen uptake dynamics, or kinetics, can be improved by exercise training,
but are impaired as a result of ageing and a variety of disease states.
Understanding the principal determinants of oxygen uptake kinetics is
fundamental to improving both human performance in sport and quality of life
in disease states. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the current
state of knowledge within this emerging and buoyant field of study. Topics covered
include: introduction to oxygen uptake kinetics and historical development of
the discipline; measurement and analysis of oxygen uptake kinetics; control of
and limitations to oxygen uptake kinetics; applications of oxygen uptake kinetics
in human populations.
Oxygen Uptake Kinetics in Sport, Exercise and Medicine contains contributions from
leading researchers in the field. The text is richly illustrated and structured to enable
easy access to information. It represents an invaluable resource for students and
researchers in sport and exercise physiology, as well as for respiratory physiologists
and pulmonary clinicians.
Andrew M. Jones is Professor of Applied Physiology at Manchester
Metropolitan University, UK.
David C. Poole is Professor of Kinesiology, Anatomy and Physiology at Kansas
State University, USA.

Oxygen Uptake Kinetics
in Sport, Exercise and
Medicine
Edited by
Andrew M. Jones and
David C. Poole
Routledge
Taylor &Francis Group
LONDON AND NEW YORK
First published 2005
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Taylor & Francis Inc
270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016
Routledge is an impint of the Taylor & Francis Group
Transferred to Digital Printing 2005
02005 Andrew M. Jones and David C. Poole
Typeset in Goudy by
Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd, Chennai, India
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic,
mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any
information storage or retrieval system, without permission in
writing from the publishers.
Every effort has been made to ensure that the advice and
information in this book is true and accurate at the time of
going to press. However, neither the publisher nor
the authors can accept any legal responsibility or liability for
any errors or omissions that may be made. In the case of drug
administration, any medical procedure or the use of technical
equipment mentioned within this book, you are strongly
advised to consult the manufacturer's guidelines.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested
ISBN 0-415-30560-8 (hbk)
ISBN 0-415-30561-6 (pbk)
To my family: Mum, Dad and James,
I hope this makes you proud; Emma, Amy,
and baby Dylan, you make me proud.
This is for you.
A.M.J.
To my parents, Peter and Gwyneth; my wife, Katherine;
and children, Shayna, Connor and Kelton, now and always.
D.C.P.
'Nullius in Verbal
'Take nobody's word for it, see it for yourself'
Motto of The Royal Society
Contents
List of illustrations ix
List of contributors xviii
Preface XX
Acknowledgements xxiv
PART I
Introduction
1 Introduction to oxygen uptake kinetics and historical
development of the discipline
ANDREW M. JONES AND DAVID C. POOLE
PART I1
Theory and practice of measuring VO; kinetics
2 Measuring VO; kinetics: the practicalities
SHUNSAKU KOGA, TOMOYUKI SHIOJIRI AND
NARIHIKO KONDO
3 The kinetics of oxygen uptake: physiological inferences
from the parameters
BRIAN J. WHIPP AND HARRY B. ROSSITER
4 Effect of exercise modality on VO-, kinetics
ANDREW M. TONES AND MARK BURNLEY
5 VO; dynamics in different species
CASEY A. KINDIG, BRAD J. BEHNKE AND
DAVID C. POOLE
viii contents
PART 111
Mechanistic bases of VO; kinetics
Relationship between VO; responses at the mouth and across
the exercising muscles
BRAD J. BEHNKE, THOMAS J. BARSTOW AND DAVID C. POOLE
Intramuscular phosphate and pulmonary V02 kinetics
during exercise: implications for control of skeletal muscle
oxygen consumption
HARRY B. ROSSITER, FRANKLYN A. HOWE AND SUSAN A. WARD
Regulation of ~ 0 on2-kin etics by O2 delivery
RICHARD L. HUGHSON
Limitation of skeletal muscle VO^ kinetics by inertia of
cellular respiration
BRUNO GRASS1
'Priming exercise' and Vo2 kinetics
MARK BURNLEY, KATRIEN KOPPO AND ANDREW M. JONES
Influence of muscle fibre type and motor unit recruitment
on V02 kinetics
ANDREW M. JONES, JAMIE S.M. PRINGLE AND HELEN CARTER
Towards an understanding of the mechanistic bases of V02
kinetics: summary of key points raised in Chapters 2-11
DAVID C. POOLE AND ANDREW M. JONES
PART IV
Practical applications to the study of V O ~kin etics
13 Vo2 kinetics: effects of maturation and ageing
THOMAS 1. BARSTOW AND BARRY W. SCHEUERMANN
14 ~0~k inetics in different disease states
DAVID C. POOLE, CASEY A. KINDIG AND BRAD J. BEHNKE
15 Effect of training on VO~kin etics and performance
ANDREW M. JONES AND KATRIEN KOPPO
Index
Illustrations
Figures
Aristotle (384-322 BC)
Marcel10 Malpighi (1628-1694)
The great French chemist, Antoine Laurent Lavoisier
(1743-1794)
Heinrich Gustav Magnus (1802-1870)
Nobel laureate Archibald Vivian Hill pictured
in 1927 and Brian J. Whipp pictured in 2002
The response of VO; and VCO; to an incremental exercise
test on a cycle ergometer in a well-trained subject
Actual breath-by-breath alveolar VO?r esponse
across the transient from unloaded cycling (0 W) to
VO;
a moderate work rate and increase in muscle
(mVo2)a t the onset of muscle contractions (time 0)
VO;
Schematic representation of the response to constant
work-rate exercise
Actual VO? response to moderate, heavy, severe and extreme
intensity exercise in a representative subject
Number of vO; kinetics publications per year from 1968
to present
Schematic demonstration of the effect of altering the speed
of VO; kinetics (r)o n the 0; deficit
Oxygen uptake (Vo;)/work rate relationship for
incremental exercise and schematic illustration of
the size of the VO? slow component in proximity to LT,
CP and V0;
Schematic illustration of the exponential increase in
muscle V02f ollowing the onset of exercise
Profiles of expiratory flow and expired gas fractions across
two consecutive breaths
Time courses of VO? calculated by the alveolar gas exchange
( ~ 0an~d ex)pira tory flow ( ~ 0me~tho~ds )
Vo2*
Breath-by-breath response at the onset of exercise
in a single subject