Oxidative stress in plants PDF
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Oxidative Stress in Plants Oxidative Stress in Plants Edited by Dirk Inzé and Marc Van Montagu Vakgroep Moleculaire Genetica Universiteit Gent Belgium London and New York First published 2002 by Taylor & Francis 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Taylor & Francis Inc 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Taylor & Francis is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy copy of this or any of taylor & Francis or Routledge's collection of thousands of ebooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” © 2002 Taylor & Francis All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Every effort has been made to ensure that the advice and information in this book is true and accurate at the time of going to press. However, neither the publisher nor the authors can accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. In the case of drug administration, any medical procedure or the use of technical equipment mentioned within this book, you are strongly advised to consult the manufacturer’s guidelines. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record has been requested ISBN 0-203-30314-8 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-34641-6 (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 0-415-27214-9 (Print Edition) CONTENTS Preface vii Contributors ix Abbreviations xiv 1. Oxidative Stress: An Introduction 1 Rafael Perl-Treves and Avihai Perl 2. The Contribution of Photosynthetic Oxygen Metabolism to Oxidative Stress in 40 Plants Christine H.Foyer 3. Low-Temperature Stress and Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in Higher 85 Plants Stanislaw Karpinski, Gunnar Wingsle, Barbara Karpinska and Jan-Erik Hällgren 4. Oxidative Stress and Defense Reactions in Plants Exposed to Air Pollutants 129 and UV-B Radiation Christian Langebartels, Martina Schraudner, Werner Heller, Dieter Ernst and Heinrich Sandermann Jr. 5. Oxidative Burst and the Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Plant-Pathogen 169 Interactions Dierk Scheel 6. Photosensitizing Tetrapyrroles Induce Antioxidative and Pathogen Defense 191 Responses in Plants Hans-Peter Mock, Ulrich Keetman and Bernhard Grimm 7. Metal lon-Activated Oxidative Stress and its Control 211 Jean-François Briat 8. Engineering Stress Tolerance in Maize 235 Frank Van Breusegem, Marc Van Montagu and Dirk Inzé 9. Early Events in Environmental Stresses in Plants: Induction Mechanisms of 267 Oxidative Stress Jun 'ichi Mano 10. The Molecular Biology of the Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle in Higher Plants 303 Gary P.Creissen and Philip M.Mullineaux 11. Ascorbate Metabolism and Stress 332 Mark W.Davey, Marc Van Montagu and Dirk Inzé 12. Glutathione Biosynthesis in Plants 363 Teva Vernoux, Rocío Sánchez-Fernández and Mike May Index 381 PREFACE All oxygen-consuming organisms have to deal with the highly reactive nature of oxygen derivatives, such as superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl and lipid radicals. To this end, aerobic organisms have developed sophisticated defense systems that are essential for their survival. Plants have an additional source of oxygen intermediates through photosynthesis, thus rendering them more prone to oxidative damage. Therefore, it comes as no surprise that higher plants possess an array of antioxidant molecules, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids, and flavonoids. All these compounds serve as important antioxidants in human nutrition. In plants exposed to environmental stress conditions, the fine balance between the unavoidable production of reactive oxygen species and the antioxidant systems is disturbed, leading to cellular deterioration. The importance of oxidative stress during environmental adversity has been documented widely and has opened new strategies to improve the tolerance of crop plants. In this book, world-leading scientists have summarized our current knowledge on the various aspects of research on oxidative stress in plants. Chapter 1 reviews the cellular production sites of reactive oxygen species and the most commonly used enzymatic and nonenzymatic strategies to inactivate these toxic oxygen derivatives. In Chapter 2, Christine Foyer highlights the pivotal role of photosynthetic oxygen metabolism to oxidative stress in plants; an important area, which is further detailed in Chapter 9. Three chapters deal with oxidative stress, generated during abiotic stress, such as low temperature stress (Chapter 3), air pollutants and UV-B radiation (Chapter 4), and metals (Chapter 7). Reactive oxygen species also play a crucial role in plants’ defense against invading pathogens. Pathogen infection can lead to excess production of reactive oxygen species, thereby stopping the invading pathogen and triggering a complex defense system (reviewed in Chapter 5). Chapter 6 discusses the remarkable resemblance between tetrapyrrole-dependent oxidative stress and oxidative stress caused by both abiotic and biotic stress conditions. Furthermore, a thorough understanding of the antioxidant defense systems has opened perspectives to improve the tolerance of plants to environmental stress. Different chapters address this important area of research. In Chapter 8, attempts are discussed to improve the antioxidant systems in maize. In the last three chapters, novel insights are given into the synthesis and role of ascorbic acid and glutathione, two of the most important antioxidants in plants. It is our hope that this book will further stimulate both new and established scientists to do research on oxidative stress in plants. Although oxygen metabolism and antioxidant defense systems are highly complex, we are now at a stage where clear strategies to improve tolerance to oxidative damage are emerging. Finally, we would like to thank all who made this book possible: in the first place, all contributing authors; the Editorial staff at Harwood Academic Publishers who convinced us to take on the challenge to edit the book; and, last but not least, Dr Martine De Cock, who continuously helped in getting this volume to the publishers. Dirk Inzé Marc Van Montagu CONTRIBUTORS Jean-François BRIAT Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Agronomie Place Viala F-34060 Montpellier Cédex 1 France Gary P.CREISSEN John Innes Centre Norwich Research Park Colney Norwich NR4 7UH United Kingdom Mark W.DAVEY Vakgroep Moleculaire Genetica and Departement Plantengenetica Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut voor Biotechnologie Universiteit Gent K.L.Ledeganckstraat 35 B-9000 Gent Belgium Dieter ERNST GSF—National Research Center for Environment and Health Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1 D-85764 Neuherberg Germany Christine H.FOYER Department of Biochemistry and Physiology IACR-Rothamsted Harpenden Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ United Kingdom
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