Oxidative Stress, Cell Activation and Viral Infection PDF
Preview Oxidative Stress, Cell Activation and Viral Infection
MCBU Molecular and Cell Biology Updates Series Editors: Prof. Dr. Angelo Azzi Institut fOr Biochemie und Molekularbiologie BOhlstr. 28 CH-3012 Bern Switzerland Prof. Dr. Lester Packer Dept. of Molecular and Cell Biology 251 Life Science Addition Membrane Bioenergetics Group Berkeley, CA 94720 USA Oxidative Stress, Cell Activation and Viral Infection Edited by c. Pasquier R.Y. Olivier C. Auclair L. Packer Birkhauser Verlag Basel· Boston· Berlin Editors Dr. C. Pasquier Dr. R.Y. Olivier INSERM U. 294 Unite d'Oncologie Virale 16, rue Henri Huchard Dept. SIDA & Retrovirus F -75018 Paris 25-28, rue du Dr. Roux France F -75015 Paris France Dr. C. Auclair Prof. Dr. L. Packer Institut Gustave Roussy Dept. of Molecular and Cell Biology INSERM U.140 251 Life Science Addition 39, rue Camille Desmoulins Membrane Bioenergetics Group F -94805 Villejuif Cedex Berkeley, CA 94720 France USA A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress, Washington D.C., USA Deutsche Bibliothek Cataloging-in-Publication Data Oxidative Stress, cell activation and viral infection / ed. by C. Pasquier .. - Basel; Boston; Berlin: Birkhauser, 1994 (Molecular and cell biology updatesl ISBN 978-3-0348-7426-7 NE: Pasquier, Catherine IHrsg.J The publisher and editor can give no guarantee for the information on drug dosage and administration contained in this publication. The respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other sources of reference in each individual case. The use of registered names, trademarks etc. in this publication, even if not Identified as such, does not imply that they are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations or free for general use. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. For any kind of use permission of the copyright owner must be obtained. © 1994 Birkhauser Verlag, PO Box 133, CH -4010 Basel, Switzerland Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1994 Camera-ready copy prepared by the authors Printed on acid-free paper produced from chlorine-free pulp ISBN 978-3-0348-7426-7 ISBN 978-3-0348-7424-3 (eBook) 001 10.1007/978-3-0348-7424-3 987654321 Table of Contents Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. IX Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. XI DNAglycosylases involved in the repair of oxidized bases in Escherichia coli S. Boiteux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Potential role of protein oxidation and proteasome in antigen processing K.l.A. Davies ............................................... 9 Involvement of hydrogen peroxide in the actions of TGF {31 K. Nose, M. Ohba, M. Shibanuma and T. Kuroki ........................ 21 Oxidative stress and growth factor-mediated signal transduction A. Stern ................................................... 35 Cellularly generated active oxygen species as signals in the activation of tumour cell growth R.H. Burdon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Effect of oxygen radicals on the IL-l production by monocytes and IL-2 receptor expression in lymphocytes during primary and secondary immunodeficiency I.E. Afanas'ev and L.G. Korkina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 The effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on human Tand B lymphoid cells E.M. Hannigan, S. Ranjbar and L. Cromie ............................ 59 Leukocyte adhesion and endothelial cytokine production in hypoxiaireoxygenation G. Modat, C. Bonne and l. Dornand ................................ 65 Effects of antioxidants on IL-6 secretion induced by IL-l in human cultured lung fibro blasts. Involvement of NF kB M. Raes, P. Renard, E. Bosmans, E. Delaive and l. Remade ................. 77 Hydrogen peroxide-induced synthesis of the 32kDa stress protein (HO-l) in endothelial cells is serum dependent V.R. Winrow, A. Watson, S.L. Harley and D.R. Blake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 The antioxidant effects of glutathione and ascorbic acid A. Meister. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 101 Structural consequences of NF-kB inhibition by natural antioxidants: a-lipoic acid and vitamin E L. Packer and Y.l. Suzuki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 113 d-a-tocopherol and cell proliferation A. Azzi, D. Boscoboinik, E. Chatelain, N. K. Ozer and B. Stiiuble 131 Effects of intracellular redox status on cellular regulation and viral infection G. Rotilio, L. Knoepfel, C. Steinkuhler, A. T. Palamara , M.R. Ciriolo and E. Garaci 143 Mechanisms of regulation of cell growth by cytokines of the immune system B.B. Aggarwal and K. Totpal ............................. . 155 Oxidization of human low density lipoproteins measured by Laser Doppler electrophoresis D. Bonnefont-Rousselot, B. Arrio, J. Catudioc and L. Packer . ............... . 165 Selective modulation of brain antioxidant defense capacity by genetic or metabolic mani pulations M. Merad-Boudia, L. Fideler, A. Nicole, B. Aral, P.M. Sinet, P. Briand and I. Ceballos-Picot . ............................... . 173 Protective effect of Poly(A)-poly(U) against immune oxidative injury. Role of thiols released by activated macrophages M. Fay, M. Jampy-Fay, K. Akarid and M.A. Gougerot-Pocidalo .............. . 193 Reactive oxygen, antioxidants, and autotoxicity in viral diseases E. Peterhans .................................... . 203 Redox control of gene expression by eukaryotic transcription factors NF-kB, AP-l and SRFITCF M. Meyer, R. Schreck, J.M. Maller and P.A. Baeuerle . 217 Redox mechanisms in Tcell activation N.H. Hunt, D.M. van Reyk, J. C. Fragonas, T.M. Jeitner and S.D. Goldstone 237 Implication of oxydative phenomena in Tcell activation M. Gerber and J. Dornand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 253 Intracellular damages induced by singlet oxygen are signals for HIV-l reactivation S. Legrand-Poels and J. Piette ................................ 275 Abnormal redox regulation in HIV infection and other immunodeficiency diseases W. Droge, H.P. Eck, S. Mihm and D. Gaiter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 Influence of redox status of lymphocytes and monocytes on HIVexpression and immune functions. Evaluation in vitro of antioxidant molecules as potential anti-HIVtherapy N. Israel, M. -A. Gougerot-Pocidalo, R Aillet, and J. -L. Virelizier .............. 301 Place for an antioxidant therapy in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection S. Baruchel, G. Bounous, P. Gold 311 Prevention of early cell death in peripheral blood lymphocytes of HIV infected individuals by an antioxidant: N-Acetyl-cysteine R. Olivier, O. Lopez, M. Mollereau, T. Dragic, D. Guetard and L. Montagnier 323 Alcanes measurements in human immunodeficiency virus infection E. Postaire, L. Massias, O. Lopez, M. Mollereau and G. Hazebroucq 333 Plasma antioxidant status (selenium, retinol and a-tocopherol) in HIVinfection C. Sergeant, M. Simonoff, C. Hamon, E. Peuchant, M.F. Dumon, M. Clerc, M.J. Thomas, J. Constans, C. Conri, J.L. Pellegrin, B. Leng . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 Author index ............................... . 353 Keyword index ................................................ 355 IX Foreword Since the appearance of photosynthesis on our planet, all living organisms have been facing a new abundant, extremely reactive element, oxygen. This element is used for the synthesis of highly energetic compounds, but can also generate molecules capable of damaging constituents of living structures, including proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. It is therefore no surprise that all biological organisms have evolved multiple and sophisticated ways to reduce the detrimental effects of oxygen. For cells and tissues of highly organized animals, particularly cells of the immune system, superoxidation products play an important role, via oxidative stress, in activation, inflammation and viral and bacterial infections. We must be grateful to Drs. C. Pasquier, C. Auclair, L. Packer and R. Olivier for having brought together many specialists in an international meeting held in Paris in March 1993, at the Ministry of Research. This book comprises an impressive amount of recent knowledge, a real mine for the reader in this fast developing field of research. Furthermore, we should not forget that this basic research may lead in the future to new therapeutic approaches to the most important pathologies of the latter part of this century, including AIDS. Luc Montagnier September 1993 XI Preface Life in the presence of oxygen mainly depends on the tricky balance between the flux of oxy radicals coming from various origins and the efficiency of the multiple and concerted cellular protection mechanisms. Oxy-radicals have been of immense interest since they were discovered to be involved in number of pathophysiological processes including inflammation, cancer, ageing, and neurodegenerative diseases. During the two past decades, investigations were mainly focused on the deleterious effects of oxy-radicals and on the constant battle between aerobic cells and molecular oxygen. A considerable amount of work has been devoted to this subject, and the mechanisms of oxy-radical-mediated damage at the tissular, cellular and molecular levels have been elucidated. Many investigations on the protection of cells against oxy-radicals injury have also been carried out. These include extensive studies on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant status in cells as well as the development of various exogenous antioxidants as therapeutic agents. In the past few years the concept of biological oxidation has suddenly advanced from the hazards of oxygen utilization to oxidation as a natural process of metabolism regulation at the molecular level. Evidence is growing that redox mechanims playa major role in fundamental cellular events such as binding of transcription factors to DNA, protein binding to mRNA, hormone-receptor interactions, translational regulation processing of antigens, etc. Oxidizing species are on the way to being elevated to the status of major mediators of various cellular functions. The most striking example is the redox regulation oft ranscription factors such as NF lC-B and AP-l which activate gene transcription in response to peroxides. The involvement of the cellular nuclear factor 1CB in the activation of HIV gene transcription related to the altered antioxidant status currently observed in AIDS patients, has led to new insights into both the regulation of HIV replicative cycles and the design of therapeutic protocols. These new orientations clearly require collaborative efforts at the interface of various scientific domains. The international conference on oxidative stress, cell activation and viral infection held in Paris on March 1993 was organized with this in mind. The philosophy of the conference was to promote contacts and exchanges between scientists working in the fields of oxy-radicals and those from other disciplines such as molecular and cellular biology, as well as virology. This book presents the most exciting developments in these different research areas. Christian AUCLAIR, Catherine PASQUIER Paris, July 1993 Oxidative Stress, Cell Activation and Viral Infection 1 C. Pasquier et al. (eds) © 1994 Birkhiiuser Verlag Basel/Switzerland DNA Glycosylases Involved in the Repair of Oxidized Bases in Escherichia mli. S. Boiteux URA147 CNRS, U140 INSERM, Groupe "Reparation des lesions radio et chimioinduites" Institut Gustave-Roussy, 94800-Vi/lejuij, France SunWUlry Oxidative damages to DNA are considered as one of the most important causes of spontaneous mutations and may playa role in aging and related diseases such as cancer in human. In DNA, sugars and bases are damaged by free radicals yielding modified bases, abasic sites and chain breakage. To counteract the lethal and mutagenic effects of oxidative lesions in DNA, cells have developed defence strategies including DNA repair systems. In Escherichia ~, the repair of oxidized DNA bases is mostly mediated by three DNA glycosylases. Endonuclease III excises oxidized pyrimidines and the Fpg protein excises oxidized purines. The Mut Y protein that cooperates with the Fpg protein to repair 8-oxoguanine residues in DNA. Introduction Oxygen derived species such as the superoxide radical (02 ), hydrogen peroxide (H202), and singlet oxygen (102) are formed in cells during aerobic metabolism (Halliwell and Gutteridge, 1989). The toxicity of 02- or H202 is thought to result from their metal-ion-catalysed conversion into the highly reactive hydroxyl radical (OH') that causes base and sugar damage in DNA (Dizdaroglu, 1991). Generation of free radicals and reactive oxygen species has biological consequences including lethality, mutagenesis or carcinogenesis (Breimer, 1990; Piette,1991). Fraga et al.,(1990) have calculated that approximately 90,000 oxidative DNA damage events occur per cell per day in the rat. This estimation is based on the measurement of 8-oxoguanine residues excreted in urine (Fraga et al.,1990). The mutagenic potential of the major oxidation product, 8-oxoguanine, was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo (Shibutani et al., 1991; Michaels and Miller, 1992a). The abundance and the mutagenic potency of DNA lesions induced by free radicals and reactive oxygen species suggest the need for DNA repair mechanisms. In Escherichia coli, the repair of oxidized base in DNA is mostly mediated by the base excision repair pathway. The first step in this repair pathway is catalysed by DNA glycosylases (Myles and Sancar, 1989; Boiteux 1993). The nucleotide excision repair pathway mediated by the UvrABC complex may also playa role
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