Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Non-communicable Diseases - Molecular Mechanisms and Perspectives in Therapeutics

223 Pages·2014·6.257 MB·English

by  Jordi Camps (eds.)

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 824
Jordi Camps Editor
Oxidative Stress and
Infl ammation in Non-
communicable Diseases -
Molecular Mechanisms and
Perspectives in Therapeutics
Oxidative Stress and Infl ammation
in Non-communicable
Diseases – Molecular Mechanisms
and Perspectives in Therapeutics
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
Volume 824
Editorial Board
Irun R. Cohen, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
N. S. Abel Lajtha, Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
John D. Lambris, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Rodolfo Paoletti, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
For further volumes:
http://www.springer.com/series/5584
Jordi Camps
Editor
Oxidative Stress
and Infl ammation
in Non- communicable
Diseases – Molecular
Mechanisms and
Perspectives in
Therapeutics
Editor
Jordi Camps
Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital
Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut
d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili
Universitat Rovira i Virgili
Reus, Spain
ISSN: 0065-2598 ISSN: 2214-8019 (electronic)
ISBN 978-3-319-07319-4 ISBN 978-3-319-07320-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-07320-0
Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London
Library of Congress Control Number: 2014945107
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Contents
1 Introduction: Oxidation and Infl ammation,
A Molecular Link Between Non-communicable Diseases ........ 1
Jordi Camps and Anabel García-Heredia
2 Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage
in Obesity-Related Tumorigenesis ............................................... 5
Concha Cerdá , Carlos Sánchez , Benjamín Climent ,
Antonio Vázquez , Antonio Iradi , Fátima El Amrani ,
Ana Bediaga , and Guillermo T. Sáez
3 High Density Lipoproteins and Ischemia
Reperfusion Injury: The Therapeutic
Potential of HDL to Modulate Cell Survival Pathways ............ 19
Richard W. James and Miguel A. Frias
4 The DING Family of Phosphate Binding
Proteins in Infl ammatory Diseases .............................................. 27
Daniel Gonzalez , Mikael Elias , and Eric Chabrière
5 Infl ammation, Infection, Cancer
and All That…The Role of Paraoxonases ................................... 33
Asokan Devarajan , D iana Shih , and Srinivasa T. Reddy
6 Autophagy Is an Infl ammation-Related
Defensive Mechanism Against Disease ....................................... 43
Jorge Joven , Maria G uirro , Roger Mariné-Casadó ,
Esther Rodríguez-Gallego , and Javier A. Menéndez
7 Delta-5 and Delta-6 Desaturases: Crucial Enzymes
in Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid- Related Pathways
with Pleiotropic Infl uences in Health and Disease ..................... 61
Federica Tosi , Filippo Sartori , Patrizia Guarini ,
Oliviero Olivieri , and Nicola Martinelli
8 Systemic Infl ammation, Intestine, and Paraoxonase-1 ............. 83
Ladan Vakili , Kaveh Daniel Navab , Maryam Shabihkhani ,
Nasim Pourtabatabaei , Samra Vazirian , Zarina Barseghian ,
Seyedehsara Seyedali , and Greg Hough
v
vi Contents
9 Serotonin Modulation of Macrophage
Polarization: Infl ammation and Beyond .................................... 89
Mateo de las Casas-Engel and Angel L. Corbí
10 Energy Metabolism and Metabolic Sensors
in Stem Cells: The Metabostem Crossroads
of Aging and Cancer ..................................................................... 117
Javier A. Menendez and Jorge Joven
11 Molecular Promiscuity of Plant Polyphenols
in the Management of Age-Related Diseases:
Far Beyond Their Antioxidant Properties .................................. 141
Enrique Barrajón-Catalán , María Herranz-López ,
Jorge Joven , Antonio Segura-Carretero ,
Carlos Alonso-Villaverde , Javier A. Menéndez ,
and Vicente Micol
12 Postprandial Infl ammation:
Targeting Glucose and Lipids ...................................................... 161
Marijke A. de Vries , Boudewijn Klop ,
Hans W. Janssen , Tjin L. Njo , Elsbeth M. Westerman ,
and Manuel Castro Cabezas
13 Dynamic Interplay Between Metabolic
Syndrome and Immunity ............................................................. 171
György Paragh , Ildikó Seres , Mariann Harangi ,
and Péter Fülöp
14 The Axis AGE-RAGE-Soluble RAGE
and Oxidative Stress in Chronic Kidney Disease ....................... 191
Alejandro Gugliucci and Teresita Menini
15 The Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 2
in Neuroinfl ammation and Neurodegeneration .......................... 209
José L. M. Madrigal and Javier R. Caso
Index ....................................................................................................... 221
Introduction: Oxidation 1
and Infl ammation, A Molecular
Link Between Non-communicable
Diseases
Jordi Camps and Anabel García-Heredia
Abstract
N on-communicable diseases are, by defi nition, those chronic diseases that
are non- infectious and non-transmissible. The most common non-commu-
nicable diseases are obesity, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular, chronic
respiratory and neurological diseases. Altogether, they are the commonest
cause of death and disability in modern world. Recent investigations show
that many of these diseases share common pathophysiological mecha-
nisms and are, at least in part, different manifestations in different organs
of similar molecular alterations. Mitochondrial alterations, oxidative stress
and infl ammation are inextricably linked and play major roles in the onset
and development of non-communicable diseases. Therefore, it is conceiv-
able that pharmacological or nutritional manipulation of oxidation and
infl ammation allows a signifi cant decrease in the mortality and morbility
associated to these diseases.
Keywords
Infl ammation • Metabolism • Non- communicable diseases • Oxidation
Alchemists, from Ancient India and China to the avowed goal of Medicine and biomedical research,
Middle Ages, developed great and fruitless efforts although the procedures have changed consider-
to fi nd the elixir of eternal life. This is a mythical ably since the introduction of the scientifi c method.
potion that, when drunk from a certain cup at a cer- For many years, the different diseases have been
tain time, supposedly grants the drinker eternal life considered as separate entities and, consequently,
and/or eternal youth. Certainly, to prolong youth, deserved different treatments. However, recent
health, and life span as much as possible is also the investigations show that many diseases share com-
mon pathophysiological mechanisms and are, at
least in part, different manifestations in different
J. Camps (*) • A. García-Heredia
Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari organs of very similar molecular alterations. This
de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere allows a more holistic approach to the disease
Virgili , Universitat Rovira i Virgili ,
processes, considered as a response from the
C. Sant Joan, s/n , 43201 Reus , Catalunya , Spain
o rganism to the aggressions of the e nvironment.
e-mail: [email protected]
J. Camps (ed.), Oxidative Stress and Infl ammation in Non-communicable Diseases – Molecular 1
Mechanisms and Perspectives in Therapeutics, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 824,
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-07320-0_1, © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014
2 J. Camps and A. García-Heredia
Whole genome sequencing, Epigenetics, and unhealthy diets and physical inactivity [1 0 ].
the different Omics technologies (Genomics, Obesity predisposes to diabetes mellitus, hyper-
Transcriptomics, Proteomics, Metabolomics, tension, atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, cancer,
Fluxomics) provide researchers with very powerful and coronary heart disease [1 1] . Growing evi-
tools to study the human organism as a whole. dence links a low-grade, chronic infl ammatory
Therefore, the question arises: If different diseases state to obesity and its coexisting conditions as
share common molecular mechanisms, is it pos- well as to noncommunicable diseases [ 12 – 18 ].
sible to fi nd common therapeutic agents? Or: Is it This low-grade infl ammatory state is aggravated
possible that fi nding a treatment for a specifi c dis- by the recruitment of infl ammatory cells, mainly
ease would decrease the probability of develop- macrophages, to adipose tissue. Infl ammatory
ment of several others? The issue of the elixir of cell recruitment is likely due to the combined
eternal life, in a more modest and realistic version, effects of the complex regulatory network of cells
is again put on the table. and mediators that are designed to resolve infl am-
Non-communicable diseases (NCD) are, by matory responses. Anti-infl ammatory drugs have
defi nition, those chronic diseases that are non- shown to reverse insulin resistance and other
infectious and non-transmissible. The most com- related conditions that result from circulating
mon NCD are obesity, cardiovascular disease, cytokines that cause and maintain insulin resis-
diabetes, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, tance [ 19 – 24] . Therefore, it is likely that infl am-
and neurological diseases. Altogether, they have mation per se is a causal factor for NCD rather
been the commonest cause of death and disability than an associated risk factor.
globally for at least the last three decades [ 1 ]. The objective of this book O xidative Stress
Even in sub-Saharan Africa, NCD contribute a and Infl ammation in Non-communicable Diseases:
third of the disability-adjusted life year burden Molecular Mechanisms and Perspectives in
[ 2 ]. Mitochondrial alterations, oxidative stress Therapeutics, belonging to the Advances in
and infl ammation underpin NCD and are molec- Experimental Medicine and Biology series, is to
ular mechanisms playing major roles in their review some current concepts indicating that oxi-
onset and development (Fig. 1 .1 ) [3 – 8 ]. Oxidation dation and infl ammation are key mechanisms
and infl ammation are inextricably linked. For linking the major NCD and, therefore, it is con-
example, chronic infl ammation is associated with ceivable that their therapeutic manipulation
oxidation, anti-infl ammatory cascades are linked allows the treatment of the most prevalent dis-
to decreased oxidation, increased oxidative stress eases in our societies.
triggers infl ammation, and a proper redox bal- We are going to pay special attention to some
ance inhibits the infl ammatory cellular response. molecules that appear to play a crucial role in
Whether or not oxidative stress and infl ammation oxidative and infl ammatory processes. The para-
represent the causes or the consequences of cel- oxonases are a family of three enzymes that
lular pathology, they contribute signifi cantly to degrade lipid peroxides and play an antioxidant
the pathogenesis of NCD. The incidence of dis- role in both circulation and cells [2 5 ]. Desaturases
eases involving oxidative stress, infl ammation, are the rate-limiting enzymes for the conversion
and their related metabolic disturbances is rising, of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and their altera-
as are age-related diseases due to progressively tions have been associated with several NCD
aging populations. Interrelations between the [ 26 ]. The chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 is a
mechanisms of oxidative stress and of infl amma- chemokine, the suppression of which reduces the
tory signaling and metabolism are, in the broad attraction of immune cells to the sites of infl am-
sense of energy transformation, being increas- mation and prevents atherosclerosis and obesity
ingly recognized as part of the problem in NCD [2 7 ]. The advanced glycation end products are
[9 ]. Obesity and associated metabolic distur- products of chronic renal diseases that have
bances, for example, are important factors that been associated with the higher risk for cardio-
underlie NCD and are the consequences of vascular disease and diabetes in these patients [2 8 ].
1 Introduction: Oxidation and Infl ammation, A Molecular Link Between Non-communicable Diseases 3
Fig. 1.1 Genetic and environmental
factors, nutrition and lifestyle may induce a
pro-oxidative and pro-infl ammatory state,
linked to alterations in mitochondrial
structure and function. Many evidences
strongly suggest that these processes
underlie most non-communicable diseases
8-oxo- 7,8-dihydro-2’-deoxyguanosine is a highly using synthetic high-density lipoproteins, apolipo-
mutagenic altered nucleobase produced by oxida- protein A-I mimetic peptides, or plant-derived
tive stress that may be a link between obesity and polyphenols, are also going to be discussed.
cancer [2 9] . Other metabolic processes that are
going to be described in the following chapters
include the relationship between autophagy/ References
mitophagy and infl ammation, the role of adipo-
kines, the polarisation of pro-infl ammatory and 1 . E brahim S, Pearce N, Smeeth L, Casas JP, Jaffar S,
Piot P. Tackling non-communicable diseases in low-
anti-infl ammatory macrophages, and the infl uence
and middle-income countries: is the evidence from
of the postprandial state on infl ammation. Finally,
high-income countries all we need? PLoS Med.
the possibilities of therapeutic improvement by 2013;10:e1001377.