Oxford Textbook of Osteoarthritis and Crystal Arthropathy

507 Pages·2016·12.12 MB·English

by  Arden

Oxford Textbook of
Osteoarthritis and
Crystal Arthropathy
Titles in the Oxford Textbooks
in Rheumatology series
Oxford Textbook of Vasculitis, 3e
Edited by Gene V. Ball, Barri J. Fessler, and S. Louis Bridges, Jr
Oxford Textbook of Clinical and Biochemical Disorders of the Skeleton
By Roger Smith and Paul Wordsworth
Oxford Textbook of Axial Spondyloarthritis
Edited by Robert Inman and Joachim Sieper
Oxford Textbook of Osteoarthritis and Crystal Arthropathy, 3e
Edited by Michael Doherty, Johannes Bijlsma, Nigel Arden, David J. Hunter, and Nicola Dalbeth
Oxford Textbook of Psoriatic Arthritis (forthcoming)
Edited by Oliver Fitzgerald and Dafna Gladman
Oxford Textbook of
Osteoarthritis
and Crystal
Arthropathy
THIRD EDITION
Edited by
Michael Doherty
Johannes Bijlsma
Nigel Arden
David J. Hunter
Nicola Dalbeth
1
1
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ISBN 978– 0– 19– 966884– 7
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Contents
Abbreviations  ix SECTION 4
Contributors  xi Risk factors  91
9 Genetics  93
SECTION 1 Ana M. Valdes
What is osteoarthritis? 
1 10 Age, gender, race/ ethnicity, and
1 Introduction: what is osteoarthritis?  3 socioeconomic status in osteoarthritis
Michael Doherty, Nigel Arden, and its outcomes  101
Johannes Bijlsma, Nicola Dalbeth, and David J. Hunter Joanne M. Jordan, Kelli D. Allen, and Leigh F. Callahan
2 Palaeopathology of osteoarthritis  13 11 Morphology  109
Juliet Rogers and Paul Dieppe Richard Aspden and Jenny Gregory
3 Morphological aspects of pathology  21 12 Lifestyle  115
Laura A. Wyatt and Michael Doherty Jos Runhaar and Sita M. A. Bierma- Zeinstra
SECTION 2 SECTION 5
Tissues  31 Pain  123
4 Cartilage (including meniscus)  33 13 Neurobiology of pain in osteoarthritis  125
Peter M. van der Kraan Philip Mease
and Esmeralda N. Blaney Davidson 14 Contextual aspects of pain: why
5 Pathophysiology of periarticular bone does the patient hurt?  131
changes in osteoarthritis  47 David A. Walsh
Steven R. Goldring
6 Synovium and capsule  55 SECTION 6
Floris P. J. G. Lafeber, Nick J. Besselink, Clinical assessment 
139
and Simon C. Mastbergen
15 Clinical assessment: signs, symptoms, and
7 The innervation of the joint and its
patient perceptions in osteoarthritis  141
role in osteoarthritis pain  73 Margreet Kloppenburg
Jason J. McDougall and Joel A. Vilensky
16 Radiography and computed tomography
imaging of osteoarthritis  157
SECTION 3
Daichi Hayashi, Ali Guermazi, and Frank W. Roemer
Epidemiology 
79
17 Ultrasound in osteoarthritis and
8 Epidemiology  81 crystal- related arthropathies  169
Nigel Arden and Michael C. Nevitt Walter Grassi, Tadashi Okano, and Emilio Filippucci
vi contents
18 Imaging: magnetic resonance imaging  177 31 Supplements for the treatment
David J. Hunter and Frank W. Roemer of osteoarthritis  305
Allen D. Sawitzke and Daniel O. Clegg
19 Laboratory tests  191
Leticia A. Deveza, Changhai Ding, Xingzhong Jin, 32 Intra- articular injection therapy  313
Xia Wang, Zhaohua Zhu, and David J. Hunter Nigel Arden and Terence O’Neill
SECTION 7 SECTION 9
Management  Surgery 
201 323
20 Introduction: the comprehensive approach  203 33 Arthroplasty and its complications  325
Michael Doherty, Nigel Arden, Johannes Bijlsma, Andrew Price, Paul Monk, and David Beard
Nicola Dalbeth, and David J. Hunter
34 Other surgical approaches in the
21 Patient information strategies for decision- management of osteoarthritis  333
making and management of osteoarthritis  215 Jonas Bloch Thorlund and L. Stefan Lohmander
Gillian Hawker, Anne Lyddiatt, Linda Li, Dawn Stacey,
Susan Jaglal, Sarah Munce, and Esther Waugh
SECTION 10
22 Exercise for the person with osteoarthritis  225 Prospects for disease modification 
341
Kim L. Bennell, Ans Van Ginckel, Fiona
Dobson, and Rana S. Hinman 35 Prospects for disease modification  343
23 Weight loss  235 Shirley P. Yu and David J. Hunter
Marius Henriksen, Robin Christensen,
Berit L. Heitmann, and Henning Bliddal SECTION 11
24 Addressing adverse mechanical factors  243 Delivery of care  353
Christelle Nguyen and François Rannou
36 Delivery (organization and outcome)  355
25 Psychological strategies in osteoarthritis Caroline A. Brand and Ilana N. Ackerman
of the knee or hip  249
Joost Dekker, Daniel Bossen, Jasmijn Holla,
SECTION 12
Mariëtte de Rooij, Cindy Veenhof,
and Marike van der Leeden Guidelines  369
26 Miscellaneous physical therapies  259 37 Guidelines  371
Melanie A. Holden, Martin J. Thomas, Weiya Zhang and Michael Doherty
and Krysia S. Dziedzic
27 Placebo, nocebo, and contextual effects  269 SECTION 13
Abhishek Abhishek and Michael Doherty Gout 
381
SECTION 8 38 Epidemiology of gout  383
Samantha Hider and Edward Roddy
Pharmacological therapies 
277
39 Pathophysiology of gout  389
28 Topical pharmacological treatments  279 Nicola Dalbeth
Abhishek Abhishek, Adrian Jones, and Michael Doherty
40 The genetic basis of gout  401
29 Systemic analgesics (including
Tony R. Merriman
paracetamol and opioids)  289
Bernard Bannwarth and Francis Berenbaum 41 Clinical presentation of gout  411
Tim L. Jansen
30 Non- steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs  297
Lee S. Simon and Marc C. Hochberg 42 Laboratory investigations in gout  415
Eliseo Pascual and Francisca Sivera
contents vii
43 Imaging of gout  425 49 Pathophysiology of calcium
Robert T. Keenan, Sneha Pai, and Naomi Schlesinger pyrophosphate deposition  465
Abhishek Abhishek and Michael Doherty
44 Principles of gout management  431
Pascal Richette 50 Clinical features of calcium pyrophosphate
45 Treatment of acute gout  435 crystal deposition  471
Abhishek Abhishek and Michael Doherty
Puja Khanna
51 Investigations of calcium
46 Long- term management of gout  443
pyrophosphate deposition  477
Fernando Perez- Ruiz, Irati Urionagüena,
Abhishek Abhishek and Michael Doherty
and Sandra P. Chinchilla
52 Treatment of calcium pyrophosphate
47 Asymptomatic hyperuricaemia: to
treat or not to treat?  449 deposition  483
Abhishek Abhishek and Michael Doherty
Thomas Bardin
SECTION 15
SECTION 14
Basic calcium phosphate crystal
Calcium pyrophosphate crystal
deposition 
deposition  487
459
48 Epidemiology and risk factors for calcium 53 Basic calcium phosphate crystal deposition  489
Nicola Dalbeth
pyrophosphate deposition  461
Abhishek Abhishek and Michael Doherty Index  499

Abbreviations
AAOS American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons EOA erosive osteoarthritis
ACE angiotensin- converting enzyme ePi extracellular inorganic phosphate
ACL anterior cruciate ligament ePPi extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate
ACR American College of Rheumatology ES effect size
ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate
ADAMTS a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with ESWT extracorporeal shock wave therapy
thrombospondin- like motifs EU European Union
ADL activity of daily living EULAR European League Against Rheumatism
ADR adverse drug reaction FAI femoroacetabular impingement
AGE advanced glycation end product FDA Food and Drug Administration
AMP adenosine monophosphate FEUA fractional excretion of uric acid
BCP basic calcium phosphate FGF fibroblast growth factor
BGA behavioural graded activity FLASH fast low- angle shot
BLOKS Boston– Leeds Osteoarthritis Knee Score FM fibromyalgia
BME bone marrow oedema FSE fast spin- echo
BMI body mass index GDF growth differentiation factor
BML bone marrow lesion GFR glomerular filtration rate
BMP bone morphogenetic protein GI gastrointestinal
BSR British Society of Rheumatology GMP guanosine monophosphate
CAD coronary artery disease GRE gradient- recalled echo
CC chondrocalcinosis GWAS genome- wide association study
CCI central credible interval HA hyaluronic acid
CI confidence interval HaOA hand osteoarthritis
CKD chronic kidney disease HR hazard ratio
CMC carpometacarpal ICF International Classification of Functioning,
CNS central nervous system Disability and Health
COMT catechol- O- methyltransferase IGF insulin- like growth factor
COX cyclooxygenase IL interleukin
CPP calcium pyrophosphate JSN joint space narrowing
CPPD calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition JSW joint space width
CRP C- reactive protein KL Kellgren and Lawrence
CS corticosteroid or chondroitin sulphate LD linkage disequilibrium
CT computed tomography mAb monoclonal antibody
DESS dual- echo steady- state MAPK mitogen- activated protein kinase
dGEMRIC delayed gadolinium- enhanced magnetic resonance MCID minimal clinically important difference
imaging of cartilage MCP metacarpophalangeal
DIP distal interphalangeal MMP matrix metalloproteinase
DMOAD disease- modifying osteoarthritis drug MOAKS MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score
EAI episode of acute inflammation MOC model(s) of care
ECM extracellular matrix MRI magnetic resonance imaging
eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate MSU monosodium urate
EMA European Medicines Agency MTP metatarsophalangeal