Oxford Take Off in Russian

249 Pages·2001·29.81 MB·English

by  Nick Ukiah

CD11Cassette1
CD track
Introduction
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Pronunci,ltion Review 2
- Co tuck
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Unit 1.1 Unit 8.]
1
3-4
Unit 1.2 Unit 8.2
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Unit 1.3 ~6 Unit 8 3
4 5
7-8
Unit 1.5 Unit 8.5
6-7
9
S ummn ry 8
Summary 1
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Unit 2.1 Unit 9.1 Q
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U Unit 9.2 10 11
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1~14 Unit 9.3 12
Unit
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2.5 Unit 9.5 14 11\
Unit
17 16
.. Summary 9
Sum11tant 2
18 Unit 10.1 17
Unit 3.1
19-20 18-}4
Unit 10.2
Unit 3.2
21-22 20-21
Unit 10.3
Unit 3.3
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Unit 10.5
Unit 3.5
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Review ~3
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Review 1 26
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Unit4.l
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Unit 4.3
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Swumm~t4 6 Unit 12.1
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Unit 7.5
Re\ iew 4
30
Summary ~
1
Hnlldwritte1l forms
Alphabet
Tra11slit-
Approx.
capital
Letter fo·wer
eration
forms
Printed
pro11.
• -case
capital ll0111C
lower
.J
fl
-case
a
o
a
'ah' $"
A
a b
b
'beh' J3
6
G
6 v
v
'veh'
~
B
8 g
g
r 'geh' tf)
r 3
d
d
'deh'
£
Jl
e
e
..
ye
'yeh'
£
e E e
yo
yo
•• 'yoh'
E
e•• J{C-
zh JK,
French 'j'
'zheh' 3
)I(
II\ 3
z
z
'zeh'
3 lL
3 u.
•
ee 1
'ee' u
l1 J
It
~
t.l
yin dipht1wng i
sl!ort i
•• l~1 X
It
k
k
'kah'
K
Jl
~
1 .II
1
'el'
J1
.1 Jl1
m
m
'em'
rvt Jl
M
1-1
n
'en' n
H D
tl
0
0
0 'oh' 0
j(
0
p
n p
'peh'
.f
II
rolled 'r' r f c
p p 'err'
c
s
c s
'es'
c
j /
-
n1
t
'teh' t
T J
I
y
,
u
I u j)
" )' Ol)
•
f f
f
'cf'
4> <J) J:
kh X
h
X 'hah'
X 11
ts
u ~
'tseh' ts
ll
~
ch 7:
ch
'cheh'
4
'I /J).
w Irani 'sir' sh (.!!
'shah'
us
Ill
shch lLI
soft 'sss/1'
Ill 'ssshah'
Ill
0
- II
'h Jun cl sig11
1.
... bt.
y
uy
hl 'uy'
- b
I a
soft sig,
h
a
••
e
e
lmck-cvnrds ID
t'
~
yu
iO
yoo ..,
yuo'
10
10 I f;l{_
yn
ya
'yah'
Sl
ix
Vowels
so-
There are ten vowels in the Russian alphabet. Five are the
called 'hard vowels' and five are the so-called 'soft vowels'.
When pronounced on their own, or at the beginning of a word,
y-
the first four 'soft' vowels have a sound at the beginning.
'Hard' vowels a o y
3 bl
••
'Soft' vowels e e
H 10 H
Co11smzan ts
Most consonants in Russian can be either 'soft' or 'hard'. A
consonant is hard when it is followed by a so-called 'hard'
vO\'\'el, or if it comes at the end of a word and does not have a
soft sign (-b) after it. Here are the hard variants of consonants
followed by some so-called 'hard' vowels.
Hard variants of 6y oo Jla ry Ja
KO Jlbl
Ma no pa co
consonants HJ Tbl ci»bl Xbl
A consonant is soft when it is followed by a so-called 'soft'
vowel or has a soft sign (-b) after it. When pronouncing a soft
consonant, the main part of the tongue is pushed up against
the roof of the mouth, giving the sound a 'y'-like quality. Here
are the soft variants of consonants followed by some so-called
'soft' vowels.
Soft variants of
610 Be )lH rH 3H KJI JJH
ne Ce
consonants
MH He pH TH c1»10 XH
And here are some examples of soft consonants followed by a
soft sign (-b). The vowel a has been added before the
consonant: Without the soft sign these would be
aJib. aub, aTb.
hard:
aJI, an. aT.
Not all consonants have hard and soft variants. There are
three inherently hard consonants, which are hard no matter
what sort of vowel follows them, and there are two inherently
soft consonants.
Inherently hard consonants
w
Inherently soft consonants m
Stress has an important effect on the pronuncation of some
vowels. In this book the stressed syllable in words of more
than one syllable is marked with an acute accent- ouo. eMy,
-
1 08
ln normal written Russian however - books,
0PHTb.
newspapers, signs, letters, etc.- stress is not marked, since
Russians' k 1 d h
. now e ge .of their own language tells them w ere
~
at falls.
I> I> I> I> I> I>
I> I> I> I> I>
[> [>
Starting out
noexanM!
OBJECTIVES
In this unit you'll learn how to:
0
pronounce Russian words
0
greet people
0
ask simple questions
0
make simple statements
And cover the following grammar and language:
0
3To 'this is', 'that is'
0
gender of nouns
0
pronouns
LEARNING RUSSIAN 1
The first challenge in learning Russian is familiarizing
yourself with the script. Although it may look daunting to
begin with, you will soon find that you can recognize the
words you hear on the recordings quickly and that there are
few surprises in Russian spelling. To start with, however, you
will need to practise reading as much as possible. Reading
exercises are included in this unit.
Although this course concentrates on listening and speaking,
one of the best ways of learning new words is by writing
them down, and then writing them out several times if
possible. For this you will need to know Russian handwritten
forms, which are a little different from printed letters (see
page ix). Learning them now may seem like an extra bur~en
to begin with, but your efforts will be repaid when you find
you are reading and writing with ease!
@
Now start the recording for Unit 1.
1
The alphabet
AncJlaBHT
't alreadv listen now to the Pronunciation Guide
A If vou h aven Wh
J' •
~ ar{d look at the alphabet chart on pagbe txk. thenbyoukfeel you
- · vith the alphabet, come ac to e oo and try
are f am1 1tar'
the activity below.
ACTIVITY 1
· many words borrowed from English and many
Russ1an uses .
· t. I' terms Try to work out the meantngs of the
'mtema wna ·
following words.
,
9
1 6opm UHKJIOH
,
10 SIHKII
2 Q>6pyM
,
3 '3pa 11 x666n
,
4 rapa)K 12 noHJJ,OH
,
5 an3a 13 l.J.uKaro
., , ,
6 ManoHe3 14 Hhlo-H..... opK
7 woQ>ep 15 AMepnKa
,
8 mlTepbep 16
CaHKT-neTep6ypr
l
LANGUAGE BUILDING
0
Stress and vowels
You now know all you need to know to read Russian words of one syllable
correctly, and read out longer words in a slow and deliberate style.
In this book the stressed syllable in words of more than one syllable is
marked with an acute accent (MocKea, xopow6). (In books for Russian
native speakers stress is not marked, since Russians' knowledge of their
own language tells them where it falls.)
Stress has an important effect on the pronunciation of some vowels. The
following points are vital to your understanding and speaking of Russian:
• an unstressed o sounds something like 'ah' or 'uh'
• an unstressed e sounds something like 'i' or 'yi'
• an unstressed before the stressed syllable sounds like 'i' or 'yi'
fl
Thus the word oH6, meaning 'it', will sound som~thi~g l~k~ 'uh-~o', and
the word eM.' mean in 'to him', sounds something like Yl·moo.
ACTIVITY 2
Read the following words out loud. Remember, words of one
syllable have no stress mark, and their vowels are
pronounced as normal. Try to learn the meanings of the
words as you go.
Words of one syllable:
.na yes
ue1· no
KTO? who?
r.ne? where?
I
B
Tbl you [familiar, singular]
OH he/it
we
Mbl
you [plural; also polite si11gttlar]
Bbl
Words of t·wo syllables:
oua she/it
,
OHO it
,
OHH they
,
BOK33.11 main railway station
MocKoa Moscow
e
aunt [no stress marked as is always stressed]
TeTH
,
word
CJIOBO
,
language
BlbiK
,
window
OKHO
Words of three syllables:
pa66Ta work
,
street
YJUIU3
,
xopowo OK; \Veil
Now do activities 3, 4, and 5 on the recording.
3
Hello!
3ApaBCTBYMTe!
@
ACTIVITY 6 is on the recording.
ACTIVITY 7
A Listen to the recording. Which of the followin
words ani phrases do you hear? g
1 lloKa!
2 llpHJITnoro anneniTa!
3 flO)I(MYHCTa!
B Which of the phrases above would you use:
a when offering somebody something?
b on starting a meal?
c when saying goodbye to a close friend?
DIALOGUE 1
0 no)l(anyifcra, sam 6opm.
• Cnacu6o. A cMeTana?
0 BoT, no)l(anyifcTa. cMeTaHa.
• Cnacu6o.
0 flO)I(MyHCTa,
BclillH ~H .
.&. MMMM! Cnacli6o!
0 H xne6, no)J(anyiicTa. IlpM5ITHOro anneTI1Ta!
• Cnacu6o!
I
VOCABULARY
hello
3AP8BCTBYMTe!
goodbye
AO CBMACJHMA!
hi! [informal]
npMBeTI
bye! [informal]
nonI
please; you're welcome
no•anyi4CTa
thank you
cnacil&o
your ]· but
B8W, UWM
and [with slight contrast,
a
sour cream . · g or
CM8T6H8
here is [said whilst pomtm
BOT
.. indicating in some way]
cabbage soup
....
and
II
bread
1
enjoy your meal .
...-THoro annerin'al
r
LANGUAGE BUILDING
Rather than giving you any new grammar in this section, here is some
more reading practice. For both activities, read the words out loud,
repeating them several times. You will probably need to check back to
the alphabet summary chart on page ix. Also, bear in mind how stress
affects the vowels o, e, and (see page 2).
R
ACTIVITY 8
Read the following words out loud carefully. Try to learn the
mearungs as you go.
Words of one syllable:
uaw our
but [strong contrast]
HO
there
TaM
here
l.lleCb
Words of two syllables:
Kor.ua ? when?
very
also
~
TO IKe
ro~ po.u town, city
mum
Phrases:
,
I can
H MOry
I want
~
H XO'IY
I like, I love
H JIJ06JIW
Words of four syllables:
sorry!
HlBHHHTe!
csn.uaune meeting, rendezvous
ACTIVITY 9
Try to work out the meanings of the following words.
1 6ap 8 aHopaK 15 3M6apro
2 <t>aKC 9 xynMraH 16 cfleMI-~HibM
~ 10 napnaMeHT 17 aBOKa,z:J.O
3 caMMHT ,
18 rHMH3CTiiKa
4 npHHTep 11 nH~ uua ,
5 BHCKH 12 i16ra 19 JIHTep~rypa
6 <t>yr66n 13 onTM~HcT 20 pesomo~ujl
7 HeiUI6H 14 KYJihTypa 21 opraHn3auujl
@
Now do activities 10 and 11 on the recording.
5
Are ou a student?
@
ACTIVITY 12 is on the recording.
ACTIVITY 13
What three things do Gleb and Svetlana have in common?
DIALOGUE 2
0
CseTnaHa, Bbi - cT)')J:eHTI<a?
• LJ:a, .s~ - cry.IJ.eHTKa. A s~>r - cry.IJ.eHT?
,na, TO)f(e cry.neHT. A CseTa, Bbl - MOCKBMqKa?
c~ Sl
• LJ:a, MOCKBI-It.tKa. A Bbi?
0 51 To)f(e MOCKBIIt.t. Ho nro6nK> CaHKT-IleTep6ypr.
H
,
• 51 TO)f(e n106n!O CaHKT-IleTep6ypr. Ot.teHh mo6nK>.
! voCABULARY
student [female]
CTy.QeHTKa
student [male]
CTy.QeHT
familiar form of the name
Calrra CaeTnaHa
,
Muscovite [female]
MOCKBM"'Ka
,
Muscovite [male]
MOCKBM"'
I
LANGUAGE BUILDING
0
3To 'this is'. 'that is'
The word 3To means 'this is' or 'that is'. (Notice that the word '4TO is
spelled with "'· not was you might expect.)
3To? Who is that?
KTO
•
3To lt1aaH. That is Ivan.
'-ITo 3To? What is that?
•
3To It's bortsch.
6op~.
0
Simple statements
There is no verb 'to be' in the present tense. In writing it is sometimes
indicated by a dash.
HVIHa. I am Nina.
~-
Tbl- MOCKBVlYKa. You're a Muscovite.
0Ha- spaY. She's a doctor.
lt1aaH - onT1!1MVIcT. Ivan's an optimist.
6