OXFORD STUDIES IN EARLY MODERN PHILOSOPHY This page intentionally left blank OXFORD STUDIES IN EARLY MODERN PHILOSOPHY VOLUME IV edited by DANIEL GARBER (PrincetonUniversity) and STEVEN NADLER (UniversityofWisconsin,Madison) CLARENDON PRESS · OXFORD 1 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxfordox26dp OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwidein Oxford NewYork Auckland CapeTown DaresSalaam HongKong Karachi KualaLumpur Madrid Melbourne MexicoCity Nairobi NewDelhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto Withofficesin Argentina Austria Brazil Chile CzechRepublic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore SouthKorea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPress intheUKandincertainothercountries PublishedintheUnitedStates byOxfordUniversityPressInc.,NewYork Theseveralcontributors2008 Themoralrightsoftheauthorshavebeenasserted DatabaserightOxfordUniversityPress(maker) Firstpublished2008 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced, storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans, withoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress, orasexpresslypermittedbylaw,orundertermsagreedwiththeappropriate reprographicsrightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproduction outsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment, OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisbookinanyotherbindingorcover andyoumustimposethesameconditiononanyacquirer BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData Dataavailable TypesetbyLaserwordsPrivateLimited,Chennai,India PrintedinGreatBritain onacid-freepaperby BiddlesLtd.,King’sLynn,Norfolk ISBN978–0–19–955041–8Pbk 978–0–19–955040–1Hbk 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 Contents NotefromtheEditors vi danielgarberandstevennadler Abbreviations viii 1. CouldSpinozaHavePresentedtheEthicsastheTrue ContentoftheBible? 1 carlosfraenkel 2. AdequacyandInnatenessinSpinoza 51 eugenemarshall 3. OntheDerivationandMeaningofSpinoza’sConatus Doctrine 89 valtteriviljanen 4. ‘ThingsthatUndermineEachOther’:Occasionalism, Freedom,andAttentioninMalebranche 113 seangreenberg 5. Leibniz asIdealist 141 donaldrutherford 6. TheModalStrengthofLeibniz’s Principleofthe IdentityofIndiscernibles 191 anjajauernig 7. HumeandSpinozaontheRelationofCauseandEffect 227 emanuelascribano 8. Reid’sRejectionofIntentionalism 245 toddstuartganson IndexofNames 265 NotestoContributors 267 Note from the Editors OxfordStudiesinEarlyModernPhilosophycoverstheperiodthatbegins, very roughly, with Descartes and his contemporaries and ends with Kant. It also publishes papers on thinkers or movements outside that framework (and including Kant), as long as they are important for illuminating early modern thought. The core of the subject matter is, of course, philosophy and its history. But the volume’s papers reflect thefact thatphilosophyin thisperiod wasmuch broader in its scope than it is now taken to be, and included a great deal of what currently belongs to the natural sciences. Furthermore, philosophy in the period was closely connected with other disciplines, such as theology, and with larger questions of social, political, and religious history.Whilemaintainingafocusonphilosophy,thevolumeincludes articlesthatexaminethelargerintellectual,social,andpoliticalcontext of early modern philosophy. While the articles in the volume are of importance to specialists in the various subfields of the discipline, our aim is to publish essays that appeal not only to scholars of one particularfigureoranother,buttothelargeraudienceofphilosophers, intellectualhistorians,andotherswhoareinterestedintheperiod. Oxford Studies in Early Modern Philosophy appears once a year in a singlevolumeavailableinbothhardbackandpaperbackandcontaining roughly250–350pages.WhileeverythingwillbepublishedinEnglish, essaysmayalsobesubmittedinFrench,German,orItalian. The editors of Oxford Studies in Early Modern Philosophy are Daniel Garber (Princeton University) and Steven Nadler (University of Wisconsin—Madison).Themembers oftheeditorialboardare: EdwinCurley(UniversityofMichigan,USA) KnudHaakonssen(UniversityofSussex,UK) SarahHutton(MiddlesexUniversity,UK) SusanJames(BirkbeckCollege,UniversityofLondon,UK) Jean-LucMarion(UniversitèdeParisIV(Sorbonne),France) EmanuelaScribano(UniversitàdiSiena,Italy) RobertSleigh,Jr.(UniversityofMassachusettsAmherst,USA) Note fromtheEditors vii TheoVerbeek(RijksuniversiteitteUtrecht,theNetherlands) CatherineWilson(CUNYGraduateCenter,USA) Theeditorialofficeis: OxfordStudiesinEarlyModernPhilosophy DepartmentofPhilosophy 1879Hall PrincetonUniversity Princeton,NewJersey08544-1006 Email:[email protected];[email protected] Fax:609-258-1502 Abbreviations descartes AT Charles Adam and Paul Tannery (eds.), Œuvres de Descartes, 11 vols. (Paris: CNRS/J.Vrin,1964–74) CSM John Cottingham, Robert Stoothoff, and Dugald Murcoch (eds.), The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, 2 vols. (Cambridge: CambridgeUniversityPress,1984) CSMK John Cottingham, Robert Stoothoff, Dugald Murdoch, and Anthony Kenny (eds.), The PhilosophicalWritings of Descartes, iii. The Correspondence (Cambridge Cam- bridgeUniversityPress,1991) FirstObjections FirstSetofObjections Meditations MeditationsonFirstPhilosophy Principles Principles of Philosophy [part in roman numeral,articleinArabicnumeral] ThirdReplies RepliestoThirdSetofObjections hume EHU T. L. Beauchamp (ed.), An Enquiry concern- ing Human Understanding (Oxford: Claren- donPress,2000) EPM T. L. Beauchamp (ed.), An Enquiry concern- ing the Principles of Morals (Oxford: Claren- donPress,1998) Abbreviations ix LDH J. Y. T. Greig (ed.), The Letters of David Hume, 2 vols. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1932) NLDH R.KlibanskyandE.C.Mossner(eds.),New Letters of David Hume (Oxford: Clarendon Press,1954) THN D. F. Norton and M. J. Norton (eds.),A Treatise of Human Nature (Oxford: Oxford UniversityPress,2000) leibniz A Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften (ed.), Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz: Sa¨mtliche Schriften und Briefe (Berlin: Akademie Ver- lag,1923– ) AG R.AriewandD.Garber(eds.),Philosophical Essays(Indianapolis:Hackett,1989) GM C.I.Gerhardt(ed.),MathematischeSchriften, 7vols.(Berlin,1849–63) GP C. I. Gerhardt (ed.), Die philosophischen Schriften,7vols.(Berlin,1875–90) L Leroy Loemker (tr. and ed.), Philosophic- al Papers and Letters, 2nd edn. (Dordrecht: Reidel,1969) malebranche JS NicholasJolleyandDavidScott(eds.),Dia- logues on Metaphysics and on Religion (Cam- bridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,1997) LO T. M. Lennon and P. J. Olscamp (tr.), The Search after Truth andElucidations of The Search after Truth (Columbus: Ohio State UniversityPress,1980)