Table Of Content

INDEX c,-macroglobulin 45, 56, 57 ovary 38, 47, 48, 49 ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone) testis 37, 39 190 basement membranes 34-5, 65 adrenal glands 176-7 ovary 48, 54 ageing, reproductive 215-39 testis 39-40, 41, 45 changes in female sexual behaviour Bennett’s wallaby 257, 259, 286, 289-91 233-4 general features of reproductive female rodents 221-9 cycle 259-63 hypothalamus 218-20 photoperiod 271-84 passim pituitary 220-1 photorefractoriness 287-9 testicular function and male sexual blastocyst, diapausing 259-63 behaviour 234-7 bromocriptine 268-70, 282 women 229-32 brush tail possums 252, 255 albumin column sperm separation 307 allogeneic pregnancy 183-5 altered self 196 cadherins 100-1, 104, 118, 120 androstenedione 232 calcium, intercellular 10 angiogenesis 115, 116, 120 CAM-105 101, 118, 120 anoestrus 258 catecholamines (CAs) 217, 218-19, 220, 238 anti-aromatase test 148-50 cattle sperm 321-2 antibody tagged sperm 322 cell adhesion processes 87-122 antigens, of paternal and fetal origin 181, cellular aspects of implantation 90-4 195-6 classification of cell adhesion molecules antigen-specific T cells 195-6 118-19 anti-Millerian hormone (AMH) 139-57 implantation models 94-6 cloning and sequencing of AMH molecules influencing embryo gene 142-3 attachment 96-103 effect on adult ovary 154 ovarian steroids and uterine receptivity effects upon female genital primordia 88-90 147-50 trophoblast invasion of basal lamina and expression and ontogeny 143-6 decidua 103-17 expression in vitro 146 chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans 51-3, hormonal regulation 146-7 60-1, 114 mapping bioactive site 150-3 chorionic gonadotrophin (CG) 2, 11-24 PMDS 154-6 establishment of early pregnancy 18-24 protein purification 140-2 first secretion 13-16 testicular descent 153-4 immunization against 16 testicular differentiation 153 regulation of secretion 16-18 apical surface of uterine epithelium 89, 91, see also human chorionic gonadotrophin 92-3, 97 CL-follicular axis 263, 264, 266-7 ascorbic acid 63-4 cloprostenol 3, 5, 6, 8, 18-19 assisted reproduction 60-1, 319-20, 322 see also PGF, attachment, embryo collagen cell adhesion molecules, see cell adhesion cell adhesion processes in implantation processes 113-14, 120 CG 12, 16 ovary 47, 63-4 testis 38-9, 41 collagenase 55-7, 59, 61 basal lamina 34, 36 collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) 197-8 invasion by trophoblast 93, 103-17, continuous breeding 256-8 118-20 cord development 36-8 328 Index corpus luteum (CL) 1-24 reproductive ageing 224-7 development of embryonic signals 11-18 results from flow-sorted sperm 320-2 ECM 61-3 fetal ovary 148-50 quiescence 259-63 fibroblasts 189, 190 regulation of repression 2-11 fibronectin rescue 18-23, 24 cell adhesion 111-12, 118, 120 corticosteroids 176-7 ovary 49, 51, 60, 61 creeping vole (Microtus oregani) 317-18 testis 37, 39, 41, 44 cytokines 171 flow cytometry (FCM) 308-13 epi-illumination 310-11 fertility results from sorted sperm 320-2 decidua, invasion by trophoblast 93, hydrodynamic orientation 309-10 103-17, 118-20 modified orthagonal (MFCM) 312-13, decidual cell reaction 91, 93-4 314, 318-19 dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) 230, 232 sperm sorting 317-20 dermatan sulphate 51-2 follicle(s) differentiation ECM 47-67 regulation of invasion 107-9 reproductive ageing 231 sexual, in gonadal embryology 36-8 follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 174 testicular and AMH 153 AMH regulation 146-7 dihydrotestosterone (DHT) 230 ECM of ovary 52, 59 DNA 304-6, 308 ECM of testis 44-5 sperm analysis for DNA content 315-17 hypothalamic—hypophyseal-follicular see also flow cytometry axis 264-6 DN (double negative) cells 185-6 reproductive ageing 217, 218, 220-1, domperidone 268, 282-3 230-1, 232, 235-6 DP (double positive) cells 185-6 dual-chamber culture system 45-6 galactosyltransferase 101-2 ganglionectomy 286-7 E-cadherins 100, 104, 118 genome 216 EHS tumour 110 activation of embroyonic 12-13 embryonic development, and reproductive glucocorticoids 176-7 ageing 226-7 glycosaminoglycans 51, 61 embryonic signals 11-18 gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) activation of embryonic genome 12-13 hypothalamus 174-5, 218 establishment of early pregnancy 18-24 regulation of CG secretion 16-17, 23 in start of pregnancy 11-12 reproductive ageing 218, 220-1 see also chorionic gonadotrophin gonadotrophins endocrine axes 251, 263-70 PGF,,, 5-9 la see also neuroendocrine function; reproductive ageing 229-31 la neuroendocrine-immune axis thymus 172 entactin 102, 118 see also chorionic gonadotrophin; lai epi-illumination flow cytometer 310-11 follicle-stimulating hormone; human eutherian mammals 250, 251 chorionic gonadotrophin; luteinizing extracellular matrix (ECM) 33-65 hormone cell adhesion processes in implantation granular endometrial gland (GMG) 88, 90, 94, 95, 105-17, 118 cells 194 comparison of ovary and testis 64-5 granulosa cells ovary 47-64 AMH production 144, 145-6 postnatal maturation of testicular 38-9 ECM 47-8, 49-51, 57 pre-differentiation 35-6 grey kangaroo 252, 258 sexual differentiation 36-8 growth hormone (GH) 176 testis 39-47 heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPG) facultative seasonal breeding 258 cell adhesion processes 98-9, 114, 120 fertility ECM 51-3, 61 Index 329 human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) 178 neuroendocrine—immune axis 174-5, 176 PGF, 3-4 PGF 3-4 rescue of CL 18-19, 20, 22 reproductive ageing 217, 218-19, 220-1, see also chorionic gonadotrophin 230-1, 232, 235-6 hyaluronate 112-13, 120 luteolysis, see prostaglandin F2* hyaluronic acid 51-3, 60 H-Y antigen 307-8 hypothalamic—hypophyseal-follicular macrophages 187-8 axis 263, 264-6 Macropodoidea, see seasonal breeding hypothalamus 174-5 marmoset monkey 3-23 passim reproductive ageing 216-17, 230, marsupials, see seasonal breeding 235-6, 238 maternal immunity, during pregnancy hypothyroidism 175-6 178-81, 193-6 Matrigel 110-11 medullary epithelial rings (MERs) 188-91, immunity 195 maternal, during pregnancy 178-81, melatonin 173-4 193- seasonal breeding 251-3, 275-80, 281, neuroendocrine—immune axis 173-8 284, 285, 287-8 immunization, against CG 16 menopause 232 immunology perimenopause 231 pregnancy and maternal thymus 183-5 menstrual cycle 229-30 sperm separation 307-8 see also oestrus cycles implantation, see attachment; cell adhesion mesenchyme 147-8 processes mesometrial decidua 94 indomethacin 59 metalloproteinases 55-7 inhibin 14-15, 20-1, 24 see also collagenase regulation 22 modified orthogonal flow cytometer insemination 319-20, 322 (MFCM) 312-13, 314, 318-19 intact viable sperm, sorting 319 mucin glycoproteins 97, 120 integrins 102-3, 104-5, 109 myoid (peritubular) cells 40, 41, 43-4 interleukin 171 invasion attachment and 90-2 NA (noradrenaline) 218-19, 238 of basal lamina and decidua by natural killer (NK) cells, uterine 194 trophoblast 93, 103-17, 118-20 natural suppressor (NS) cells 195 in vitro fertilization (IVF) 319-20, 322 neuroendocrine function, reproductive ageing and 215-39 neuroendocrine-immune axis 173-8 lactational quiescence 256, 259-61, 267-70 seé also endocrine axes lacto-N-fucopentaose-I (LNF-I) 99-100, nidogen 102, 118 120 null cells 194-5 laminin cell adhesion processes in implantation 102, 107-11, 118, 120 obligate seasonal breeding, see seasonal ovary 48 breeding testis 39, 41, 42-3, 47 oestradiol 222, 225, 230 lectins 101-2 female thymus 179, 180, 192, 198 Leydig cells 39-40, 236 reproductive ageing 227-9 LH-releasing hormone, see gonadotrophin- oestrogen releasing hormone female thymus 177-8, 179, 192, 197, 198 lipoprotein 53-4 reproductive ageing 219-20, 238 litter size 224-7 oestrone 232 luteinization 50 oestrus cycles 221-4, 238-9, 254 and luteal ECM 61-3 see also menstrual cycle luteinizing hormone (LH) oocyte maturation 60, 154 hypothalamic—hypophyseal-follicular osteonectin (SPARC) 115-16, 118, 120 axis 264-6 osteopontin 105, 120 330 Index ovaries/ovary regulation 22 AMH 144, 145-6, 154 reproductive ageing 227-9, 230 ECM 35, 38, 47-65 rescue of CL 18-20, 24 fetal and AMH 148-50 seasonal breeding 260-1, 262, 271, 272, function and ageing 221-4 282, 283, 285 steroid hormones 88-90, 177-8 prolactin (PRL) 59, 224-5 thymus and development of 192 female thymus 176, 197 ovulation 54 reproductive ageing 219, 224 oxytocin 175-6 seasonal breeding 267-70, 280-5, 290-1 prostaglandin F,, (PGF,,) 2, 23, 24 active luteolysin 9-11 Pcadherin 101, 104, 120 changing sensitivity to 5-9 perimenopause 231 luteolyic action 2-5 peritubular (myoid)cells 40, 41, 43-4 prostaglandins 59 perlecan 98, 102, 118 proteases persistent Miillerian duct syndrome cell adhesion processes 106-7, 118, 120 (PMDS) 154-6 hormonal regulation 58-60 phosphoinositide (PI) turnover 4, 5-9 ovarian 55-60 photoperiod 250, 251-3, 263, 270-85, proteoglycans 51-4 289-91 proteolytic enzymes 44-5, 54-5 mechanism of response to change 284-5 pseudopregnancy pituitary response to change 280-4 female thymus 191-3 reproductive response to manipulation repetitive 223-4 role of pineal gland 275-80 photorefractoriness 272-5, 287-9 quiescence, see lactational quiescence; physical methods of sperm separation seasonal quiescence 306-7 pinealectomy 285-7 pineal gland 173-4 rabbit sperm 320, 321 seasonal breeding 251, 275-80 receptivity, uterine 88-90, 87-103 pineal—hypothalamic—hypophyseal—CL red kangaroo 257-267-8 axis 263, 264, 267-70, 273 red-necked wallaby 257 pituitary-CL axis 263, 264, 267-70, 273 refractory uterine state 88-9, 103 reproductive ageing 216, 217, 220-1, relaxin 22-3, 24, 59 235-6 reproductive ageing, see ageing response to photoperiod change 280-4 reproductive capacity 224-6 placenta 178 rhesus monkey 3-23 passim plasmin cascade 57-8 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 197-9 plasminogen activator (PA) 44-47, rodents, ageing 238-9 57-8, 61 female 221-9, 233 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) 45, male 234-5 str 57, 58 suc PNA (peanut antigen)cells 186 polarized uterine epithelium 92, 95-6 seasonal breeding 249-91 sul pregnancy control of initiation and end of breeding sw cells occurring only in 194-6 season 287-9 sy! establishment of early 18-24 effects of pinealectomy 285-7 maternal immunity during 178-81, 193-6 hormonal control 263-70 and maternal thymus 181-96 model of regulation 290-1 RA and 197-9 patterns of reproduction in marsupials tan pregnancy-associated proteins 180-1 253-9 pre-receptive uterine state 88-9, 96-7 role of photoperiod 270-85 primary decidual zone 93-4, 120 tammar and Bennett’s wallaby progesterone 59 reproductive cycle 259-63 female thymus 177, 179-80, 197 seasonal quiescence 259, 261-3, 267-70 luteolysis 9-10 see also seasonal breeding PGF, 4, 6-9 secondary decidual zone 94, 120 omaonnmie Index 331 seminiferous tubule 38-9, 40-6 tenascin 115, 116-17, 120 serine proteases 57-8 testes serotonin 173-4 decline in function due to ageing 234-5, Sertoli cells 236-7 AMH production 143-4, 144-5, 146 ECM 35, 37, 38-47, 64-5 ECM 40, 41, 42-3, 43-4, 44-5, 45-6 production of AMH 143-5, 146 17,-hydroxyprogesterone (17,-OH-P) 230 role of AMH in testicular descent 153-4 sex preselection 304-5 role of AMH in testicular differentiation see also sperm separation 153 sex steroids, see steroid hormones testosterone 140, 141 sexual behaviour secretion and ageing 234, 235, 236, 237 ageing females 233-4 TGF-8 (transforming growth factor) 148 ageing males 235-237 theca cells 47-8 sexual differentiation 36-8 thrombospondin (TSP) 115, 116, 118 sialic acid 52 thymic hormones 170-1, 176, 188-90, 198 sodium meclofenamate 11 thymic involution 181-3, 183 somatic cells 35-8 thymocytes SPAN cells (pregnancy associated natural changes in subsets during pregnancy suppressor cells) 195 185-7 SPARC (osteonectin) 115-16, 118, 120 maturation 167-9 spermatogenesis thymus gland 165-99 ECM 46-7 activity during life 172-3 reproductive ageing 234-5, 236-7 cells of the microenvironment 169-70 sperm nuclei 319 communication between periphery sperm separation 303-22 and 171-2 basis for X and Y separation 305-6 embryoligical origins 166-7 fertility results 320-2 maternal immunity during pregnancy flow cytometry 308-13 178-81 long arm of Y chromosome 308 neuroendocrine—immune axis 173-8 markers 308 pregnancy and maternal 181-96 measurement for proportions of X and Y RA and pregnancy 197-9 sperm 317 recovery after birth 196-7 methods 306-8 significance of changes for pregnancy verification 313-20 193-6 steroid hormones TIMP (tissue inhibitor of female thymus 177-8, 179-80, 182 metallo-proteinase) 56-7, 63 ovarian, and regulation of uterine tPA (tissue-type PA) 44-5, 57-8, 60 receptivity 88-90 trophoblast 90, 181 see also under individual names invasion of basal lamina and decidua 93, steroidogenic pathway, sex-reversal 103-17, 118-20 of 148-50 tumour invasion 107 stroma 47-8 suckling stimulus 256, 269 see also lactational quiescence uPA (urokinase-type PA) 44-5, 57-8 surface charge, sperm separation by 307 uterine NK (natural killer) cells 194 swine sperm 321 uterine receptivity 88-90, 97-103 syndecan 98, 118 viable sperm, sorting 319-20 tammar wallaby 252, 255, 257, 259, 289-91 general features of reproductive X and Y sperm separation, see sperm cycle 259-63 separation hormonal control of reproduction 263-70 photoperiod 270-85passim photorefractoriness 287-9 zone-encased embryos 96-7 pinealectomy 285-7 zona pellucida membrane 48 T-cells 173, 195-6, 197 AUG 25 1994