Oxford Readings in Homer's Iliad

513 Pages·2001·11.123 MB·English

by  Douglas L. Cairns

Oxford Readings in
Homer's Iliad ·
Edited by
DOUGLAS L. CAIRNS
OXFORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS
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PREFACE
The field of Homeric studies is a vast and vigorous one, and it has not
been my intention, either in selecting the articles for inclusion in this
volume or in introducing them, to make any pretence towards
representative coverage of such a wide and diverse set of sub
disciplines. But neither are the articles simply a heterogeneous col
lection of greatest hits: taken together, they illustrate the conviction
that the Iliad is no primitive, unidimensional artefact, but the finest
fruit of a long and rich tradition, a poem peopled by characters who
possess a past, a future, and an inner life, and who are embedded in
an idealized but not entirely fantastic society, which, though it exists
in a complicated relationship to that of its original audiences, none
the less engages those audiences' deepest moral, social, and political
concerns. A notable link between the articles is their determination
to see the Iliad in context, whether the context be that of the society
to which it is addressed, the tradition from which it emerged, the
works and genres with which it competed, or the reception which it
received in Archaic and Classical Greece. The pieces are arranged in
the volume and discussed in the Introduction in such a way as to
move from the general to the particular, from questions of origins,
background, and general character to the specific artistry and indi
viduality of the poem itsel[ In the Introduction I have tried to explore
some of the connections between the different Chapters, to set them
in a wider context, and to engage with their arguments. I have not
attempted to provide a complete bibliography of all relevant studies
which have appeared since the original publication of the pieces
anthologized here; the reader may obtain helpful bibliographical
orientation (most recently) from J. Latacz (ed.}, Zwei Hundert]ahre
Homer-Forschung(S tuttgart, 1991): I. Morris and B. Powell (edd.}, A
New Companiont o Homer (Leiden, 1996); and R. Rutherford, Homer
(Greece& Rome New Surveys in the Classics 26, Oxford, 1996 ); also
from the extensive references provided in K. Stanley, The Shield
of Homer (Princeton. 1993). For detailed study, the Cambridge
VJ Preface
commentary (G. S. Kirk et al. (edd.), The Iliad: A Commentary
(Cambridge, 1985-1993)) is indispensable.
I am grateful to several friends and colleagues for assistance in the
preparation of this book: for suggestions for inclusion to Alex Garvie
and Robin Hankey: for editorial assistance to Noreen Humble: for
secretarial help to Jennifer Murray; for commenting on a draft of the
Introduction to Alex Garvie and Richard Rutherford: and for help in
obtaining books and articles to Roger Brock, Francis Cairns, Malcolm
Heath, and Elizabeth Pender.
D.L.C.
Glasgow
August2000
CONTENTS
Abbreviations ix
Introduction I
r. The Use and Abuse of Homer 57
IAN MORRIS
2. The Making of Homer in the Sixth Century BC:
Rhapsodes versus Stesichorus 92
WALTER BURKERT
3. From the Iliad to the Odyssey rr7
R. B. RUTHERFORD \
4. Do Homeric Heroes Ma_keR eal Decisions? 147
RICHARD GASKIN
5. Divine and Human Causation in Homeric Epic
ALBIN LESKY
6. Affronts and Quarrels in the Iliad 203
DOUGLAS L. CAIRNS
7. Euboulia in the Iliad 220
MALCOLM SCHOFIELD
8. Tragic Form and Feeling in the Iliad 260
R. B. RUTHERFORD
9. Homer on Poetry and the Poetry of Homer 294
C. W. MACLEOD
ro. A 'Beautiful Death' and the Disfigured Corpse in
Homeric Epic 3rr
JEAN-PIERRE VERNANT
rr. The Shield of Achilles within the Iliad 342
OLIVER TAPLIN
VIII Contents
12. The Epic Cycle and the Uniqueness of Homer
JASPER GRIFFIN
13. Past and Future in the Iliad
WOLFGANG KULLMANN
14. The Wrath of Thetis
LAURA M. SLATKIN
15. Mythological Paradeigma in the Iliad 435
M. M. WILLCOCK
16. The Proem of the Iliad: Homer's Art 456
JAMES REDFIELD
17. Iliad r. 366-92: A Mirror Story
IRENE J. F. DE JONG
Acknowledgements
Glossary
ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviations of the names of ancient authors and works generally follow
those given in the Ox.fordC lassical Dictionary (3rd edn., Oxford, 1996).
Abbreviations of periodicals, editions, collections of fragments, and works of
reference are as follows:
Abh. Mainz Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften
und der Literatur, Mainz
ABSA Annual of the British Schoola t Athens
ABV J. D. Beazley, Attic Black-FigureV ase-Painters
(Oxford, 1956)
AC L' Antiquite classique
Add.2 T. H. Carpenter (ed.), Beazley Addenda
(2nd edn., Oxford, 1989)
AJP AmericanJ ournalo f Philology
Allen T. W. Allen (ed.), Homeri Opera v: Hymni, Cyclus,
Fragmentae tc. (2nd edn., Oxford, 1912)
Anc. Soc. Ancient Society
Annales BSC Annales: economies,s ocietes,c ivilisations
Arch. Hom. ArchaeologicaH omerica
ARV2 J. D. Beazley, Attic Red-FigureV ase-Painters
(2nd edn., Oxford, 1963)
Bernabe A. Bernabe (ed.), Poetarum Epicorum Graecorum
Testimoniae t Fragmenta (Leipzig, 1987)
Bethe E. Bethe, Homer: Dichtung und Sage u. 2 (2nd edn.,
Leipzig, 1929)
BICS Bulletin of the Institute of ClassicalS tudies
Boeckh A. Boeckh (ed.), Pindari Operaq uae supersunt
(2 vols., Leipzig, 18n-21)
Cl. Ant. ClassicalA ntiquity
CJ ClassicalJ ournal
Comp. I. Morris and B. Powell (edd.), A New Companion to
Homer (Leiden, 1997)
CP ClassicalP hilology
CQ ClassicalQ uarterly
CR ClassicalR eview
X Abbreviations
cw ClassicalW orld
D E. Diehl (ed.), Anthologia Lyrica Graeca
{3rd edn., Leipzig, 1949-54)
Davies M. Davies (ed.), EpicorumG raecorumF ragmenta
(Gottingen, 1988)
DK H. Diels and W. Kranz (edd.), Die Fragmentet ier
Vorsokratiker( 6th edn., Berlin, 1951-2)
Entretiens Hardt Fondation Hardt: Entretiens sur l'antiquite classique
FGrH F. Jacoby (ed.), Die Fragmented er griechischen
His'tori'ker( Berlin/Leiden, 1923-58; Leiden, 1994-)
FS Festschrift
Gott. Nachr. Nachrichten von der Gesellschaftd erWissenschaften zu
Gottingen
G6R Greece & Rome
GRBS Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies
HSCP ·H arvard Studies in ClassicalP hilology
II. Comm. G. S. Kirk et al. (edd.), The Iliad: A Commentary
(6 vols., Cambridge, 1985-93)
JHS Journal of HellenicS tudies
JRS Journal of Roman Studies
LIMC Lexicon lconographicumM ythologiae Classicae
(8 vols., Zurich, 1981-97)
Lloyd-Jones H. Lloyd-Jones, Appendix, in H. Weir Smyth (ed.),
Aeschylus 11 (2nd edn., Cambridge, Mass., 1957)
L-P E. Lobel and D. L. Page (edd.), Poetarum Lesbiorum
Fragmenta (Oxford, 1955)
Maehler H. Maehler (ed.), Pindarus. Pars u: Fragmenta
(Leipzig, 1989)
MDAI(A) Mitteilungen des Deutschen ArchiiologischenI nstituts,
Athe11ischAe bteilung
MH Museum Helveticum
Mnemos. Mnemosyne
M-W R. Merkelbach and M. L. West (edd.), Fragmenta
Hesiodea (Oxford, 1967)
Njbb NeueJ ahrbucherJ iir das klassischeA ltertwn, Geschichte
wul deutsche Litteratur
OCT Oxford Classical Texts
Od. Comm. A. Heubeck et al. (edd.), A Commentar11o n Homer's
Odyssey (3 vols., Oxford, T988-92)
Paralipomena J. D. Beazley, Paralipomena:A dtlitions to '.Attic
Black-JligureV ase-Paintersa' nd to '.AtticR ed-Figure
Vase-Painters'( Second Edition) (Oxford, 1971)
l'BA Proceedingso f the British Academy
Abbreviations XI
PCPS Proceedingso f the CambridgeP hilologicalS ociety
PdP La parolad elp assato
Pf. R. Pfeiffer (ed.), Callimachus( 2 vols., Oxford. 1949-53)
PLLS Paperso f the Liverpool[ s uperseded by: Lee els
International] Latin Seminar
PMG D. L. Page, PoetaeM eliciG raeci( Oxford, 1962)
PMGF M. Davies (ed.), PoetarumM elicorum Graecorum
Fragmenta (Oxford, 1991- )
P. Oxy. Oxyrynchus Papyri
QUCC Quaderniu rbinatid i cultura classica
Rabe H. Rabe (ed.), Syrianus, In Hermogenem
(2 vols., Leipzig, 1892-3)
Radt S. Radt (ed.), TragicorumG raecorumF ragmenta, vol. III
Aeschylus (Gottingen, 1985), vol. 1v, Sophocles
(2nd edn .. Gottingen, 1999)
RE G. Wissowa et al. (edd.), Paulys Realencyclopiidied er
classischenAltertumswissenschaft( Stuttgart, 1893-1978)
REA Revue des etudesa nciennes
REG Revue des etudesg recques
Rev. Phil. Revue dep hilologie
RM RheinischesM useumfiir Philologie
Rz. A. Rzach, HesiodiC armina (3rd edn., Leipzig, 1913)
SB Berlin Sitzungsberichte der preuEischen Akademie der
Wissenschaften zu Berlin
SB Heidelberg Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der
Wissenschaften
SB Wien Sitzungsberichte der Osterreichischer Akademie der
Wissenschaften zu Wien
Schrader H. L. Schrader (ed.), PorphyriiQ uaestionum
Homericaruma d Iliadem Pertinentium Reliquias
(Leipzig, 1880-2)
sco Studf classicie orientali
SEG Supplementum EpigraphicumG raecum
Snell B. Snell (ed.), TragicorumG raecorumF ragmenta,
vol. 1, Didascaliae. .. et FragmentaT ragicorumM inorum
(Gottingen, 1971)
so
Symbolae Osloenses
SVF H. von Arnim (ed.), StoicorumV eterum Fragmenta
(4 vols., Leipzig, 1903-24)
TAPA Transactionsa nd Proceedingso f the American
PhilologicalA ssociation
UCPCP University of CaliforniaP ublicationsi n ClassicalP hilology
XII Abbreviations
Van der Valk M. van der Valk (ed.), Eustathii Archiepiscopi
Thessalonicensis:C ommentarii ad Homeri lliadem
pertinentes (4 vols. . Leiden, 1971-87)
West M. L. West, Iambi et ElegiG raeci (2 vols., 2nd edn.,
Oxford, 1989-92)
ws
Wiener Studien
Wyss B. Wyss (ed.), Antimachi ColophoniiR eliquiae
(Berlin. 1936)
YCS YaleC lassicalS tudies
ZPE Zeitschriftfur Papyrologieu nd Epigraphik