Oxford Phrasal Verbs Dictionary for learners of English

209 Pages·2001·49.87 MB·English

by  Dilys Parkinson

P 'a l
English 51 ~ebody
Oxford
RrF British English sing singular
C countable noun sth something
etc. et cetera (= and so on) l! uncountable noun
Phrasal Verbs
n noun
See also p x for an explanat~ono f the abbreviations used in the grammar
patterns.
Dictionary
shows common su bjeds of the phrasal verb for learners of English
shows common objects of the phrasal verb
shows a verb with a similar meaning
shows a verb with the opposite meaning
introduces a note on grammar or usage
shows the grammar patterns of the phrasal verb
idiom(s) section of the entry
derivative section of the entry
means 'look at'
replaces the key verb in a menu box
A taboo (see Labels below)
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Acknowledgements
Guide ta the particles 349-71
Advirory Board: Dr Keith Brown; Dr Alan Cruse; Ms Moira Runtie;
Pmf. Gabriele Stein; Dr Norman Whitnry; Prof Henry Widdowron
Phonetics editor: MlchaeF khby
Guide to the Particles: Graham Workman Key to the study pages 372-7
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Information in the dictionary is given In entries, arranged En the alphabetical order
AmE describes verb, expressions, spellings and pronunciations used in
of the key words and then in the alphabetical order of the particles.
American English and not in 8ritish English, for example k ton sb,
blimp outlup, duke it out. Main parts of an entry
approving verbs show that you feel approval or admiration. - - . -
BrE dtxribes verbs, expressions, spellings and pronunciations that are ,,,, blLo-+. w 4m7la, . u:: 'AeymTTE-1 b.-l ouf P(Jb* le1w* /b>lu:~lb-lorn V v I > -
mainly used in British English and not in American English, for and irregular forms. Iblwn;A mE blcunl)
example beaver away (at sth), doss down, put (the clock) hck. rI <I ,bl ow a'way: ,Ib low sth 1t 'way to be moved or
disapproving verbs show that you feel disapprowl or contempt, for example Phrasal verb, The main car ried away 1~ y the force I$ the wind 1o r by sws
figurative da ufimgubr satthiv deo ewxna,m flpalseh i ss tohn aeb ionu wt.h ich language is used in a Ron- forms of the verb + particle bnree~ uatr mthsw:r tployr m baIweacu .uwe u.i onw st-anh. yels ' mo.w .dea w. ys u: adIwtd ealnvua bcs.,n mseo oz ,weu sbintl eodwyn ththhiees
I\
formal vblieteercbraasm la oerre v meurseyut asatplrloyh noogrni)cl yua nlu wmsaenydt, riaonsl ls oienbr liHoyui.s s a onrg eorf fbicilaal ldan ugpu (a=ge s uadndde nly (- tDheef ivn-eirtbio. n. The meaning1s of ) e i &lidw ., ,s,b& a'- v.+n yl. pI m (niq +f oa.drrvm -ru1 2v) +tao aikm+p-nr. e-s.s sb a lot;
would not be appropriate in normal everyday conversation. Ucamples (in italic type). -- taon dsu ritp rjwiset obrl Dlease SD. r s.Ira. w..2 <rLa(A*w.& u,r uy inlafostr mymadr,
Examples are abide by sth, embark on/trpon sth, viefor sth. sport) to dele: Mitchell bCw 8 omy the
humorous expressions are intended to be funny, for example toddle off and Grammar patterns to show o6th er runnprs
Wete rounded up some g dsp eakers for the conference. how the verb is used. v+nlpron*a
informal verb5 are used between friends or in a relaxed or unofficial
.
situation. They are not appropriate lor formal situations. Examples
Further information in an entry -
are bang on about sth, kick back, tuck into 5th.
less formal synonyms are verbs that have a similar meaning to the main - --.-- <". .,* -.,< ,- TN7,- m- - *-*.q,.v, A*. ,
Special symbols show
phrasal verb, but are used in less official situations or are more
synonyms and opposites..
common in normal everyday conversation.
less frequent verbs or grammar patterns are not used as often as the main Information on prepositions
phrasal verb or the other grammar patterns given. frequently used with the f(madmfr othme rsebstzs tohf ) tthoe bgem mpu.c hI EbEejt tseNr eok r omuto r2e
literary verbs are used mainly in literature and imaginative writing. verb. artant than other people or things: This
Examples are yearn forsb/sth, eke out 5th.
mow formal verbs have a similar meaning to the main phrasal verb, but are
usually used in more serious or official situations, or in a less sblsih) to oppm or rehse to accept sththat you
casual way. belleve is wrong Parents often stand o8ut ogoinst
old-fashioned verbs are passing out of current use, for example, buck up, god rirrao. uEblZas)o smteic bke ohunvt iLourr sfothr ; shoomlde otuunt ea, gtahl.enn s vgr.i-vo er
aboutloround, run along.
st :h
rare verbs or grammar patterns are not commonly used. 8
bv+a&
slang is very informal language, mainly used in speaking and sometimes Idiom related to the verb. nnt3 > ticsetaanblde ionu t a nl i*ku.e.r ,f ap lesaos m:r et twhuamy:b D tr~ ovs bseed vleikrye
restricted to a particular group of people, for example people of the thr,-a' i, yvu I* >w d..*uv ur *:;mLAe u" w*r -* r,hr6..u..r.hr. u
same age or those who have similar interests or do the same job. Derivative adjective related b out'standing udj 1 excellent: an OLr tslanding
Examples are want in, wont into sth, juice 5th up. to the verb. 1 very obvi-
of earth's
spoken verbs are used mainly in informal conversations, for example Teak outslQndmf~ec lfllres.. 3 {of payment, wv rk, prob-
up! chuck 5th out. Information on grammar -' lems. etc.) not yet paid, done, solved, etc: w rewv
tabm verbs and expressions are likely to be thought by many people to and usge. outstanding &bbs o I don't haw any ur
outstanding.
be obscene or shocking and you should avoid using them.
b ouCstandingly udu 1 used to empkasue the
written verbs are used mainly in written language, for example abound good qual~tyof sth: 01LtSlalLdingiy CYUI@USUC-
inlwith sih, spring from 5th. cessfuf 2 exawnely well: Owen has phyd out.
st aridingly thi
and particle are very common, or where there is wmething unusual or interesting
about the verb. For example, phone bock can mean two slightly different thingr
('telephones omebody who has called you: or 'telephone sb for a second time J;
pin 5th ~p means 'fasten something to a wall with pins: but there is also a noun
1 What is in the dictionary?
pin-up, meaning 'a picture of an ottr~ctivep erson designed to be put up on a wall
3n th~sd ictionary we ~ncludes everal different types of verbs that are used with for people to look at ', or 'the person who appeon in o picture like tho t'.
adverbs or prepositions, (often called 'particles').
bll these types of verbs can cause problemsfor learners, and so they have been
a dIoimacit wrb + partide combinations. Sometimes when you meet combinations included in this dictionary.
of verb and particle, it is impossible to guess the meaning in the context from the
meaning of the verb and the meaning of the particle. Examples of these arefall 2 Particles
t h e(m eaning 'noth appen')a nd put up with mwldy( meaning 'accept These are the particles used with phrasal verbs in this dictionary, The "shows you
mmebdy who is annoying without complaining*).T here is often a single-word verb which are the most common. You will find more information about those particles
with the same meaning. For example, instead of 'The meeting was put off until the in the Gui-d e to Parti-c les at the back of the dictionary. ----
vnermbsd , ahyo',w weew cro. umlda ys abye 'Tmhoer me feoertminga lw thaas np othsetp pohnrdas uanl tviel rtbh,e o nr auts eddda iyn: Sslinigghletl-yw ord ab- mIpr*kl ---*v>a bo<,"u- t .. . w,a---b- ov~e =-~.a-cvro-vss- 37++ ~wa#,*"h~~a.vr-*~ --, maFg3d-n--7rt" ahera--d-- l#wmaLh etlwF
different contexts. dong among aparl * around side *a t *OW1
back before behind between own *6o r for
b Verbs which are always followed by a particular partide. Examplw of these are forward from *in into A '0 'R on!
rely on, crop up, abide by. These cannot be used wfthout the partide. *o-u-t. -o f. o,-n -s l ' ~rouah *t D t 0 fl
c Verbs that are followed by a particle in a particular meaning. These verbs can under upon "with wi thout
be used on their own without a particle. but haw a different meaning when they
are used with one. Brush 5th up is an example of a verb like this. Brush sth can
3 Long verbs
be used on its own meaning 'clean, polish or moke 5th smooth'. Brush 5th up
means 'study or practise 5th tog& bock the skifl or know!dge that you hod in the Some verbs, such as mme, go,p ut and take are used with many different particles.
post': You should brush up your French bqfore you go to tofaflce. Other examples In these cases you will find literal meaning of the verb plus particle included for
are d/Wo fj,g mw/grow up, walkhulk out. completeness. These rneaningr can also help you understand the idiomatic uses of the
Many very common verbs fall into this group. Look, for example, can be used verb plus particle. For example, at run around, you will find the literal meaning 'run in
with several different particles, and it has a special meaning with each one that is difJereentd irections' (It's a lovely pork fo run around in) as well as the idiomatic meaning
different from look on its own. rook up the word in yourdictionary. o I'm really 'move vwy quickly from place to place, being very busy' (I've been running around all
lmkingfomnrd to the trip. o h kcu t! There? a car coming. day trying to organize the meeting.).
Some more formal verbs also fall into this group. For example you can 'jbrmish a At the keginning of many of these verbs you will find a menu box with a list of all the
room', that is, put furniture in it, but if you 'frrmish mmcbody with so#~tAing' you particles that can be used with the verb, in the order they appear in the dictionary.
are giving them some useful infomation. These verbs are:
.----
d Verbs with a partide, where the particle adds to, but does not change, the b-<re ak orlng 1r oll tc) me rut do fnll give
basic meaning of the verb. The particle often adds something to the meaning, go hanu Ih old kl sap kitk knorlk lie live look
such as completeness. For example, you a ns ay '/'//finishm y work and then I'llgo moke move Ip .a s p..ll a y pulI I push P"' run send
out' or '!'//finisho fJ my wd-a nd then I'N go out.Wnish 08e mphasizes that you are sat sn 510ROI Sla...y . S-a!.T lC.KI. l&W*MIW. - lullull. n throw 4lum~.mm ,
completing your work. Another wimple is wuke/wkeu p. You ene ither ray
'Iw ke ot 6.30' or 'Iw keu p at 6.30.'W oke up is much more common than wk., It is also possible to add many different particles to verbs of movement to create
which is used more in formal or written English. Other examples are spreud/sprmd hulti-word' verbs with literal meanings. For example, we can use the verb wlki n
wt,f adelfodemay, ,slonelslmreaway. You will find more information about the these sentences: We walked down the rwd. o He walked up to me and ask& me for
meaning of the particles in the Guide to the Partides at the back of the dictionary. a light o We sang as we walked along. o Walk amss the rod, don't run. These are
e Verbs plus particles whew each has their normal meaning. Phaw bock draightfonvard combinations of verb and particles.
(meaning 'telephonesb again') is an example of a verb like this. The meaning of
phone back can be worked out from the meaning of phone and back. Verbs of
this type have been included in the dictionary where the corn bination of wrb
vi
4 finding the verb you want
lke phrasal verbs are arranged in the diaionary under their key verbs (for example. out) or as a transitive verb with the adverb + preposition out of, followed by a noun
giw,m ove, sit) and then in alphabetical order of the particles. Within each panicle you or pronoun (Ideep out of my way). -
twhiallt fmirsnt fbined u tsheed vbeorbth + w ipthaortuictle a,n w oitbhje ncot aonbdje wcti.t hT haenn o thbejerec ta Areft emr ethaantin, tghse oref tahree verb If the verb can be used with ","m-s-h' 'vfn-h a-"*Fha"";'" ,rush '"In""t-oW "d"o lnn" &" -.",'"', ' .rush7" '-
an -ingform of a verb that follows st 3 'Into doin~ gs th to do or decide styI quickly
meaning of the verb used only with an object. first verbs with people as objects (sb), it. this is giwn at the beginning: WIi thout thinki ng about ~t I: arehlly; t.o . make sb
then verbs that anh ave people or things (sblsth) and then verbs with only thin@ as da I this: Don't go rushing z, nr.o anyto81l a. 0 YOU
objects (sth).V erbs with itself, yourserf, etc. come at the end of those, and verbs that are
only used in passive forms will be last. For example: This tells you that all these sentences are possible: Don't rush into anything. o
p-+y--G- Don't rush into leaving your course. o Don't rush me in& making a decision.
TvGzF=-.-- 7i'zlx=----- 9" % w-,*--
give sb up break sb/sth in put 5th ou b More information about the grammar of phrasal verbs is given In the section on
Grammar Patterns (page x)
give sth up break sth in put yourst
give yourself up brwk into sth be put oui 2 Common subjects and objects
At the end of many i ft he verbs, or ad-;ki--?+; ;h;;;-;~;;s;;h
at the end of a numbed meaning, wiu; etc. brea ks out, it st arts sudden~ ly:T hey
you will f~ndsa me common subjects wcl uId have go l married in 1939 tT wur , had not
1 The phrasal verb or objects. These show you the type brn ken out. o P lfire brokeof4 ton a ferry) ateday
EE l war, flre, fighting, mw , vlolence 2 (ah
The arrangement of the verbs in the dictionary will tell you whether they onb e used of contexts that the verb is often
worit bhooutht awnit hob ajencdt, w(IiNthToWuNt aZInT IoVbEje),c wt.i th" aInb okbjBe,ctkZ (T RAnNifS -aIT rv.IVe-hE ic .)l e", - e-t,c-- -,-T bw*r- eaks do.w-n-*, i-t uFsoer de xina,m spo leth, aatt yboreuo cka on uuts, ey oitu c worirlle scetley: yourself.
Lmk at the beginning of the entry stops working because of a fault: he washing Sentences such as Fighting has broken out on the border, Fire hoke out in a
for h kdo wn: machine has broken down aguin. o We (= our mi-) warehouse. o A furious mw bmke out over the ownership of the painting are
bmke down twk on the m y h ome. 2 if talks,
therefore very common and acceptable in English.
This shows you that in this meaning break down -is a n intransitive wrb, used You can use these subjects and objects to help yau use the verbs in the right context.
without an object: My car bmke down on the- w ay to work- t his morning.
Thew arehllo forms of the verb -"b-u' m 'down; ,bum 's t-h 'do" wn- '-i-f- --a"m b uilding 3 Synonyms and opposites. --
at bum down: bbceyun rftniursrey :d. Tooh wSehn pe, otahrlr sambc sb tbeuunrrennds tt odi tob dwuornnw i ntnh, etiht h eies hh odernein sedtlro&owtvhen d. Waolrph oehnpa?pb toehsteiictreeas la ,o trhrede ehsree, lpsayrfuen log sniyvynemonsn i yanmn ds -w,p.--p-iu.n,~ l ,ll l 'IeItnd ,a; ir-n,rp -iouvne-l sll - 'iIsrn n-oet.m o -e-o-.- Jws- --T-h-t---heh.---rre- ..+1 e m Iaof nracdh w psutiolnIpes od:r Tianh b,teo u ebsx oppyur e2lsl7ss.
opposites that are phrasal verbs 2 (RrKj if a ve hicIe or a I Wiver pulls in, they
This shows you that you can use bum down as a transitive and an intransitive mtw e to the skl e of the ma d and stop: 1D ull in in
verb in this meaning. The definition ",,k;T;;;Ake';b ,upl,;ke';;6u-F,c firsi and then single-word verbs. fm,l of th.e b-u s ... o He p.u Ek d intu Ihe pc ~rkingIo t
These will help you understand D M~ urn~ozngee wm.
also shows you how to use it. 1 to stop sleeping: to make sb slop sleeping: Horn the verb and add to your draw in, draw inta sth
Look at the binning of the entry many timesdws Ihe bab woke reup in the nrght70 vocabulary. Information is alx, m purr out, pull out or sth
for wrrk up. Ia su silfs uyaolluy 'wvea koen ulyp j uesatr l yk ine tnhe u spulom Carno y oYuo um lokoek given about the formality of the
me up at 8?o He was woken up by the sound of synonym or opposite and whether it is British or American. As the contexts that the
synonyms are used in may not always be exactly the same as the original phmsal
This tells you that you can use it as an intransitive verb (What time did yorr wake up verb, it is worth looking them up in this dictionaty or another dictionary to be sure
this morning?),a nd as a transitive verb with an object (I'll wake you up at 6.30.)o r that you understand them and how they are used. For example, while knock down
with yourself (Im ust haw shouted -,k"e'e- pc7 '-oI u-t ,-k-e- e-p * ,out ,;th -t-o - .noUtp en-t er Ra1 can be used instead of break down in the examples given there, breok down cannot
so loudly while I was dreaming that place; to remain ou tside: There m asig n sc ry ing always be used instead of knock down.
A1 tw koekeep w out,r yofuu p w.)i ll see: I'K'mee wp o<a s ukti?m. .o Pleas e keep out gf the orce 4w htle J They hod to get the police to breakkllock the door down. J If you don't open up,
vAv +adv + v*adv+prep I'm going to knockhmk the door down. J These old houm are going to be hocked
down. I( These old houses are going lo be broken down.
This tells you that in this meaning you can use the verb on its own (Danger! Keep
...
Vlll
-
4 Notes --
Not6 are given inN op lacesB. efore v+nlpron+adv v+adv+n v+pron+adv
*mkY*'rl.0 nW g<--r-t -"z5- sb (not used in thewp-ryo.glrle~s-s iuI-e--6-a--s-t ?s) These three patterns are all used with transitive verbs. In order to be able to use
a definition you will find information the property of sb: to be owned bv sb: The
these verbs cormly, you need to know where to put the object. The patterns show
a bout the tenses or a particular use klongi to my cousin. 0 That land belongs
you this. The most frequent patterns come first at each verb
of a phrasal verb:
v+nlpmneadv v+adv+n
Notes are also given after the
~ ,rb~la~ze~ a~'wX aYyX 1Y{ a-t -sW~&-) . ,ifr mt - rsorr - preo-p le Maze Verbs that can be uwlw ith these patterns, where the object can go either Ween
examples where there is a particular
away, the guns fire continuously: Thegum kpt the verb and the particle or after the particle, are sometimes called SEPARABLE
point of grammar or use to draw u.I--u.-"r ry, away as the enemy 2 if a fire blazes verbs. They are shown in the dictionary as, for example, tear sth up:
your attention to. This b often away, it burns brigh tly
something about the passive, or -8 laze is used with the sanl e meanings. She tore the IeCter up. She tow up the lette~. She tore it up.
+v+a bv
where the verb without the particle When the object is a long phrase, it usually comes after the particle: She to^ up a//
can alx, be used with a similar meaning. the letters he had sent her.
When the object is a pronoun, it must come between the verb and the particle.
5 Grammar patterns of phrasal verbs
v + adv + R v + pron + adv
To help you uw the verbs correctly, a simple system of grammar patterns is given With some phrasal verbs the object can only come between the verb and the
after each one. Thew shew you how the verb combines with an adverb, a particle when it is a pronoun. A noun must follow the particle. They are given in the
preposition, a noun or a pronoun, an infinitive, etc. and the order in which these dictionary as, for example, fight back sth: fight itlthem back
?w ao-Ad rd sU" 1o "n'y,o3 -c.rcrrurrerrrr.. b-T~ ,-h e sh.oI rtX f orI ms7 u. s-,e .d * a .r..merr- th-e fs-le m,:F n u=r .",n.no*.u-nrluI or .p-ar>o.-n.o u-n9- 7-- . mrr- ,-*-1 ffiigghhtt bitJatchke smth b ack II thraiedd a tno ufirgghet t ob ascckre mamy tebaurts m. anaged to fight it back
nitive (withot P = prepo sition v + nlpran + adv
erb form end n = pron o..u n ... There are a few phrasal verbs in which the two park of the verb must be separated
.-a-. d oinnl nf = i..n . .f i, .n. by the object. An example is mess sb aboutlaround:
= not = verb Thy changed the flight time and d 011 the pussengrs around.
r + nlpron e prep
Frequent patterns
An example of a verb that is used in this pattern is drill sth into sb
The following are the most common types of verb patterns used in the dictionary.
drilr sth into sb The teacher driiied grammar into us right from the start
veadv Intransitive verbs, for example:
R~II-IVB.
break down My cur broke down this morning.
A few phrasal verbs are only used in the passive. for example: klge2 carried away.
hang around There was o group of kids hanging omund
The verb patterns will show you how to use these verbs. belget carried away will
outside.
have the pattern beiget + v + adv. betget stuck with sth will have a pattern
sit down Come in and sit down.
be/@ + verb + prep.
v + PWP These are verbs followed by a preposition. For example: Other phrasal verbs that are used with objects can also be used in the passive for
rely on sblrth You con rely on me. example: The dm1 has been called ofl. Where this is common you will find an
+
call k rs b I'll call for you at 8. example of the passive and a note. Verbs with the pattern v prep are not usually
come across sth I came across an interning book in the used in the passive. If they are, you will find a note about this (see rely on sblsth).
library
Orher pcrttems
v + adv + prep Some verbs are followed by an adverb and a preposition: You can easily work out how to use verbs with different patterns. For example, if you
put up with sblsth How do pup ut up with him? look at take sb up on sth, you will see the pattern v + nipron + adv + prep. This
settle down to sth Come on children, mled own to work now. shows you that the verb is used in sentences like this:
keep out of sth Keep out of the kitchen until I've finished Iii like to _ t o k e ~ u p ~ - o n ~yo-ur~ of fer of o Mfort he night
cooking. v + pron + adv + prep
These lad two groups are sometimes called INSEPARABLE verbs as
the object always follows the particle.
At set out, you will see the pattermv + adv + to inf. This dexribes sentences such
as: He s?t out to become a millionai~by the time he was thirty.
Boom out sth has two patterns: _
r+adv +n She boomed out instructions.
v + adv + speech A voice boomed out, 'Nobody move!' a bide la-! Accoantforsthcanbewedinthepassim:
a'blde by ath 0t o aocept d ma law an gThzwiz~iis aa*l*wfOrb y rwmeses
6 Building your vocabulary *--. agreement. a decisio~e tc. d obeg themilt lor mwIjMto
Idioms ,l,W,bFi.t.e, .a lt h *'-o-> ffto-c ,u+ .t -s,trhm .o -,f-.*lrfl-.m b y biting ft She birtr yo*ff, . Memrbuelerss n, ud&a calsblimde, btyh eth lae wru les 4f theclub ssabyfs tthhat ht aitt y isw i mdop noosst ilbiklee taot .ktn oawll: hwuhmyo msbw l)i'S khees
Many phrasal verbs have idioms a piec .e of chmh,te . o Hisfinger had ken bitten e)S* ll) comply (wlth nth) seems to like you.' 'Well - Ihere's m acwurtting
related to them. You will find these g$ ' a dug V+PWP lor iwte!'
immediately after the grammar 033 tflbatde/vs+nnap + ~v.+D .r' Sm ean om (lwormag to snout a bound {anbarndl accustom ieaknstmn/
patterns. The idioms in the at sb or speak to them angrily, often for no good a'bouml in#Hh sth (urrittkn)t o have a lot of ee,custom a$ryoumw
reason: Ionly asked him when the work w l db t sth; to contain a lot of sth: The rim them ,murself to doing dh (forno to make
ipnh sroamsael vwearyb two htheere myoeuafninindgt ohfe tmhe, toom*nu cho~sEthant hatist(oio~hrifnfiact~~o ttnrfvo troy d~o~ :~his eabvo+upnrde hpiw ithfish. ssttdhy: oItu srhseoluf lfdanm't illiaakre w io~mth slt oh ;m to kWammwe u usre sdl tuo-
For exam.p le: time he's bitten fl more than he mn chew. -,,, ., - sCCeds lak'stdl dbe~rnmlbo t wo oarckciunsglo imn themseltroe sI 0t h tmhke doa wrkh ile for
hwahve nouns and CpdiSas. acth'cate dseb thoa ss tahs k(erdo mforl,) t oof ategnre ae fttoe ro ry aolulo wh asvteh Q v nIm + prep
Nouns and adjectives that are related in meaning to a particular phrasal verb are onmwedlt forawhile: T h e n o w m m a n t ~a~c hete~kl
given after the grammar patterns or any idioms. Sometimes the derivative has pii~icp-ure ta review the a 'ache for sb- to have a atrong desire for
ESTl request, denwan&, prerrm
more than one meaning, each one relating to different uses of the phrawl verb. -A-etosthcanbeus*inthem~: ~bl~~wtodosth:f~achfnglbr~.
Ytoo ufi nwdi ltlh fein =dm thee dmmevaantiinvge awt itthhe a a pprop-r-ia te- en-tr--y-, w-i-t-h- .a - li-n--k t-o- -s. h ow.. y-o.u whe-r e ..-. H0a Vv+eP~EPll ourre quests ken u.xeded to? EQv3+pl ornee~ k rs bfsth
different meaning. ,mui-nrx a bsleb to'u pth:i nbk yra: ld e ad,ym oirx -eu3dr It d e'urspt -a4tn7o%d m wa' >th- -.kae t sibs account ~akunt~ acquaint i ~ m t l
For example, you will find one haw:n ing: Now y uu'w mixed rn up comp letely! ac'ooud for sbrsth 1 to lmow where s~sth~s ac'qualnt sblpurssff wlth sth 0t o
meaning of the adjective mixed-up Im rea lly con. fm! . o Heg~mli !xed up and ca wht or what has happened te them,e smially after make sbly~umIffa mfl* with or aware af sth:
at the verb it is related to, IFn e ,rwnlmxewd-r'u,m pz an d,j (infoml)c onfused because of awnh oa cwce~rde ewnrtok ri na gn aInt utrhael bduiisMasitnegr .h Anulle t hneo lpae kopmle H'w'eth& l~hed &bEmLSlainkeessh' issonaIongand~uainth im
mix sb up; be/get mixed up and social or emot~onapl roblems: she's a vew mixed- munled Ibr o Them are three files that I mnl V+"'pmn*prep
a(wniothth *ehr) ,m eaninag l aint km frixo mdh o unep to -u3px kerdR . ~M~~E.D>-aLt MW"IX m i. u . p, , Cwm STH).- museudn int f itrh e passAivcec oinu ntth ifso mr7esabniisntgh. is2 o(foteldn- act /=kt/
fushiontd) to destmy sth or kill sb: Olrr guns 'act rw sth to perform a partlcuLar mle or fun*
the other.
muntedj orfiveenemyplanes. tim: Wll j lM~ OL~S im Wpm&for us?otorge
Q V+PWP fines act as a detmmztfom olorisdp.
ac'cuunt for sth It o expbln how m why 5th Da gent,m ultant. I n t e r m e d h w ,
happened: to he the explanationf ar 8th: How da deterrent EFW serve ss sth
you accountfir them thl the box has dbp QV+P~P
Study pages peamd? o Poor hygiene m y h ue amomled for 'act for ab(also,&on whddsb.pton sb".
the mwm in apes of the dissrrre. the fact be'hatfj iF sb a& for you or acts on behalf of
There IS a 25-page section of study pages in the middle otthis dictionary, You can tha t... 2 to beaparticularp art of sth; to beapar- you, they deal with your *airs for you, for
use these on your own or in class with a teacher. They will help you to learn phrasal talicl umlarp aomWou ont: Carm cori mWe a ngmesr umniuedn fotrf o2r8 %I eosfs ebxya dmopinlge byyo urerp druetsye nwthiengn y yoouu i nar ae cnoout ratb olfe l atow:, D oor
verbs and give you practice in using them. thun half of the brrdgel. E3 a b ra~mou~nt, a you huwea solicrlor actingforyoufo The Prim
(particular) pmportlon, (so many) per cent tuas actrng on hhar of the Qwem o The Prince
Guide to the particles FE9 make up sth, represent sth 3 to keep a zwrsuctingon IheQwn's behuQ
At the end of the dictionary is a guide to the most common particles used in the rscpceonrtd o ro hf ahsotwe tnh sep menotn Eeyv eirny pyeonunry c oaf rteh wef uilnl dbse BeE dV c+llPen~t~ P
verbs in this dictionary and their main meanings. This will help you understand i~a mountedfot: 4 to mns~derp articular facb or 'act on sth (ah'& upon sth mrefimn I to
verbs better and be able to guess the meaning of new ones that you meet. circumstances when you are maklng a decision do sth as a multo f advice, information, instruc
about sth, especially when you are calculating tions, etc. that you haverecelvd Thepolice-
the cast OF sth: The mst of thefilm and the pm anlng on iqformutionfromu memk of thepub-
assing wereail muntedf or m Ihemlculntwn of Iic, o I mj usi ucting on instructions. o IF my
the cusi 4f the service. lEB take sth Into advicehod been rmerItrpon, this umuld-haw
ncwunt hagpznd &lee, lnlonnablon, Imtmctlons
,. . . . - . . . . . . . - . . . . . * ,. , , , . - , ,, *. -, m,. * -, ,. . . - . .. . . . . - . . . . . . - . . . . - . . . . . .a . , ,m .. . . .o , , ,u .. . n. . . t, .
W Act onhipon atha m be u& in the passive background added to the afmosptm. o (Brb adhere /adWr)/ alight /awl
in this meaning. 2 to have an effect an sth: The Thehousehnshenaddedtoouertheyeum. o The sd'hem to sth (formu0 to act in the way that a a'Hght MVupon shth ta notimsblsth
drugactson themntml nemus system. Etil Act fda t the holal is of a wry high stundard Add particular law, rule or set of instructions says suddenly;t o h do r think of 5th by chance: My
can be used on its own with this meanlng: The ta this thq~zm lity cf the hem and the hem that you should;t ofollw or supportaparlicular crlighbsd on an old bwt o He$nul[y dghtd
-'edrugocls guickl~ and it Sclmr why this issuch apopuhr hoteI. opin~ono r set of Mi& Thw Rnve adhemi on a solution.
V+P~P Eid problems, number, knowledge, anJoymant strictb to the Wm qf the t?m&0. He found Ihe B IFgM dupon W.th
,act on be'hatf of sb; ,ado n sb's be'half = -Add to sth canbeused in the passive. dlet uerydmll loudhereto. o Howmonywpie 0 v + prep
ACT FOR $A Qv+pre~ aalrnlly adhere ta thrs vtew?
,act 8th 'out 1 to perfom a story or events that ,add to'gether, ,add sth torgether to come EZi prlnclplau, rules, guldellm IBB ksep to align /aklam/
have happened or might ham,a s if yw are together to plpduce 8th; to join two or mom ath (lessforma0 a'lign yoursePF with sbrsth to publicly sup
psthieeresf coohfr miwldinpmgs ataac rlpedldao ymit: o Tiunhte.f oh& nShthe ore fu chfreeerda bodeu adt rhsoteoormrfyu nmalniard-- taThdhidnee ggdsa ,tm ongeuesmt, hbteherer l sod, maentacck.i net goa g amentmhde otrmh teob gIpeo rolodd efu&cden sta.hlo:l A0ll Vs+oAPfeWdwhP re erpeu rtore matehn c&arnn tbuet ubseeadd hIenr tehde l op.a ssive: woIfo nrttsh :ae T Wphreoms^e^nn?a,& law & garrlio&mun.p e odf pheImopwle,! of wr ait hse tth oef coriptiicns-
ror o rnguratiw)T he lulwlenationwmf ollowing When all the d mfactors err addad togethm I
the dmma being acled out on the football field. tun understand her &~lon.o Add the fuw num- admit /aaw (a-) *~+PM+P~~P
Ell dory, fanksy 2 to act a part in real life: I bers together and dlvtde by three. ad'mH sth (formaI)t o show that sth such as allow /a%u/
fpaonautdni edfn emet lyi3ns ge(&ste fci CnhI nFyIiiconagu lr)o tubote hethxaepv riroeoswles, oyofof ufgeron o thdw,o iubthgronhuvtset ,eI+Fdv3d+3 ' aufadpcv (t oiqrsrv,3 n+ruammdrvb)1*e ntr so+, s cveo+esnmt/ spr e-camso+neadbvl e:t o& easrtnhp e ltexonp hnlaaiinpoapntei.on :n Tohr ea ns iatunaswtioenr Ias dpmosistsib olef : oton layl loonwe sll'alotlnwg f sothr osrt hp ltaon innicnlug dseth s:t Ah dwdhaenn yaotum a rteen c amlmin-+
,ah@ctnv +'gusadp wv (a+irtbnef oo+fr vni+ts lnllllp 1m nt+o amdua ke sb annoyed by jswues~tw tdeh:oa ntco'ht hoaadthvdee ura pTll h oteh Nreeo adwri eftfthhearient ngI tsk Ipnnao hrwte sr wsathgoertryee et hsinhaget !QBE v +e xpprelpa nation, a- ZEE3 mIkwo f sth Ium'qlupevs htsohwyrorhnuktr j aion lu rthrrreng mqesrilklhem toeam llaolwIof o~r ~#fhIoherfa amcctt B?imc.i oi !
kbiehdasvhlanwgb beaednk&i trnygiunpga tIo1 gdeqt Ka2ttIefnatimoanc, hetmce: oTrh e rAwdlsd l uuspt wniigthh tt,h iit'ss m alel aRnimn'gn nisi nugse lod aedsrpde ucpia.l Wly In agree /arm:/ W thAel l~owst bfairl lsttyh, ctahnef .b eet lulmsdt. .i.n, dthe passivme:
part of the bady acts up, it does not work prop negative sentences. 2 to increase gradually to a'grw wMh sb to make you feel happy or This had not ken allodf or in the budget.
erly: Thecar'satctingngpagtzin.o Mya nkle bm- make a large number or amount: Saw a small healthy: You Imk mt! Marriage obviously & v + P ~
ing up I= is painful and causingpmb1ems)i amount a hm onth; it'll m na dd up. 3 S ftwo or a g mw ilh you. o Mwhmms don't agree with al'low of sth toshowthat 8th such 88 an
LEEEEXlE pIAlacty uupp Is & e n d In the progresshe mthoarte t hneuym sbheorusld a odrd t huapt ,y tohue wyo ucolmd ee xtpoe tcht:e T thoetasel -mAeg (r=e teh ey mawklet mhe 5 fbe eils iwofstiecnk )u.s ed In negative epxopsslaibnlaet:i Tonh eofru acntasanZswbwero ifs o&nwslys iobnlee;w toIe mruarkteIsotnh
tenses. fim just don't add up. sentences. *5 a dmit of nth
'aQctv u+p&o n sth =ACT ON STH ,agldavdte+ 'authdpev( m topta~l bolfl yBt wrEo) , ,ora dmdos rteh 'nuupm btoe rcsal cout- aQa'pgp Vrm+oPvP we oltf hs taht,h m; aia'gllwya w pfothlic yd oolrn ag b esltihef :t oI v + prep
add amounts. lneuer muM& up o She's WIY@ don't ogmw ith wprlalpunishwl al'lude to sbrsth -0 to mention sWsth
,aaIQindn'&YedvtwPoW+ s afes tidAtdhghiddzvn 'eerd,I+dne o ncsah tP a owmon+v ihe urnvae& bpc+nllesl n euottlowhdp bfeeme e ee&sz nntxnui h+l tstt riwaweomaddonpiv ta newth lihr x9tiathngb hg mestuhd:pw ipShso shatmn.o ad~e pw mapun ehtih snithgshn : . ,aauEQutudhtErpvdp eaed +ty isdh'nua nadeaudpd ibarnmvde ittgl loubh a.+u apd eepwmd t t.ie*ohon ,adf s d VhI1ttueh~ogr i+,fg t bnmhhet autewc4h,ya o s-edmv ore.o+ :ora anm C mkSlc,apehon ~r eEarm a etyokod +onrutdtauua e 6mEladovnb fa t eah9trtneoshgh o rweruth Amtoehgneas- dd 'a,sQssiopmttphho V:nr a+ tt PstodsB slchPsth ahaovg:le'ra aesrfestmhh wi ap ais,t htoy d oWsuotrhie n,a ngdlmdl ss:mt e hS go htrhoee3 aatr tdywir t?lnothxi aR mcdghoi iarletn rvageg 'maseiinnilvold tyVethih +:rse eDPeaA r'rcyBoel'itr Ppsylny u owog dr ualohe?y ke r rotn f omoi n was m1 balIhUl .sedft-ieh nmw c ga Wwn o Jbrwmed snuh: s bIeH udWte S ni hane avltlteehdred 8m pdht iutsso-
,,aaQoWrTddorkddv oay+ 'smtdott &Aaehnoc cdr;h'id ,doras +oatnd( hodvt:de,m+ o tax' osso sdtda onrtvddahn t+d: s) ot pHo otcr hn seaea tnamp 'hh doIaotAdlnhusemts ordoe tF a bhonoe)art tno nhau tlsbm toheoutedo hiir wnle dwbcb.a luiiu1ntihdlIwd. e tir hn5ttgiwhs: pnamhdlirilautelndtv mtlndtseehbiy' d eaetci e r bnhrpreaefsuaeosdrihgprltunimeyieicgmp aausmmdltuleliamd omsrr rniu pt.mfy )puso.2e ua2ot ao thn( Ain ivoleriieenalnlrdl .dgoy ifd n roomm rurua praacle1ll hb,s)0 a utiI(otb=l O tya :sg? HdahaoddotvT& sswe he u uesuspctpv ho vt sm;eot rtoWaayaf 'aw~eimpimneteAr ev asst n+onttdksn pikn tr .meogao p:rht ~ a tsgvZbroeo! dadudnoph ,&yo iyeofcosytuu ot auodhnaio mit Ifmohorse as mtcsa:hah Tyahk htwase~tp hr?r&w dtuihimeartttl lasyhiron ugt haae'oXPllmme~rfmin boD6s oueltu hrsoc unl:) oo FtTTnnm hhtstotee osa /am mtra donsomsdslun t tuouenhhf pynl 2 lstt(thot pn/moe os bty !thar eiUb; fnle optC otqa uBa wdmtux ua4Qiun10n ll%0dtttth o e iioendowf rpatamt mfmhiwyne emsmd~lla ~twdoo bmtewaqmrel a s
Qmve+annlipnmg Hn*ea addvd e*+d fvZ* aLod tvh+en b irll . QIFv+3a admu+opurnetp t o 5th mwamsp mnaiqanim isianigm mdyp rreimmcalrrikly~ault yyoouun gpeople. o 1 sttmh: W.o h Int ld toheesyn d'tr md oarttneur nwreMd lob aI pbareyr rocrh m oyf bcouns-
wsbu iWctvhh + sb antslhp n reeoxlnn st er+aa:a tdThmhvine e gmpc rtaoehrlpaay tl oaisgn wadd adsdoevfdle wtroluI smreed, io anacdldduaddne~sd n aadd'ddrersess spu /arnsiiermlf/ to nth (@mat)t o think Q v +reA nrlinpmum rsnkt +sh ,p c ardetpt sl bcl 1ss mof, tceanm uspeadl ginn t he passive. asbonamdd oa p Iat#ay a slS -lf ah mi t3 oa muif nouytsno ttuso' s aloa yf ot htt heof a sthn sambredl st htwhion drgko .ie nEs tnEh'te)
prad~I~Wunits about a problem or a situation and decide how be 'alrned at 8th;b 'aimed; at ddng dht o amount to much, you mean that helshelit is not
you are going to deal with it: We must addm have sth as an alm or purpose: !i'he newscheme b wry important: He'Il newa mount to anything. o
'adetdc. toof sstthh: t oT ainkcirnega steh teh ceh siikzler,e anm woiuthn t,w n ummbuelrd, eour+rspelmuens+ tov lrheeppr obllem of tmpollution. +e i bme+av !+ rperdeupc ing u?wrnp~ment. EThEe3 f na~didourmpn totloswnth eh ove dm'tamount 0 much.
only a& to ow problems, o Musk pIoyhg rn the @ v + prep

as'date yourself wkh dsth0 t o b ~ I v eofs a ll the hotet's semiw. o I'd like to
say that you agree with sb or with their ideas: ouailmys?Vof thtsopporduni& to hankyouall.
It uras unrwzsonable io expm ihe Dem~lvlslo EEi f~lllWeso, pportunity .................... ..................................................................................... ......- . ........................ - ................... ..- . .............
~ f n tk&ms eiw with spending curs and m Qv+pmn+m
inc-.
r a p P , d l ~ ~ U ~ 4 w d l average r m l back M. I. DEB puftmt+pullwtd~,pullout.otd~
ev+pmn+vrep ,average 'outt o mult in a fair or equal amount ,back a'way; ,back aWay from sblsth to +nvth+;a wdlvth dravw+ a(fdrvo+mp smthp) (nmomfimO
attend /antend/ over a perid of time or after mal msions: move backwards away h m s btsth frightening ,back 'up;,back rblsth 'uptomovebackwards
atrcteaesrpen otdon wstbob wilsihtboym fnoetrhe 8 d(tshfo :i trt omI hgainlv)wte o p sdroaemcateli wcuarlltg hhe newtlp bt aaunksdie- jclSraeoollsoomutkmleitnatsit gme )ien.W s uIs d .eoI a t tcafhwv ed droaigbengs toghuea t nosdva emsroe ma a emmtiomonuentsh tm (oy=f fohrorc mku ntdrhop ealt edmwaoasgjat n n(i fenmtr: ua mHolau es rsWmlsjr&t e )op pTe(hdme focohmriwldfaO brdut+ ckfaednd da tswhya asbb ashehkto hru tmp d oaisvnteoa btnhacecerk, ewisawpredcm sia aelm lsyh ionor rta ds viose.t hoain cJc&leef; : t Yobo amuca mkkeend
aN+E(tnttorvte~R?l+srb s)pfi butrb lo0le! loep~au~ l holetOmneksSdtaa /h sa$df. mOa t otb on (j Bru~srs*cObu/b r Atltorooe- , ycooo ukn s~biderienr~g, Iaphteter:nh~daewsd st,,awmyesa@aavtemegwvoe~vaerlm+roe+ na aounaag.fggn ddeeteseud vvat e h+8s or:' nttuy hh a t.+te hht y 'mrvoiues +euu arpn l mtar/a op(giamfrnlisero u atronathtgve+ht s eaef)t.r d lo otia0tov Tp o hmceuhaarvreli ,ca eo ttu ad hyla xaeeo r atfoeep rW't a sitom hrhavtemeoiec :ra?r ui fTvmtileihavmrreer- ,bf+++ddatarocvvsofocut+eim*ikicga@oan hu ddnmgao l vvmt'lo ls w+;lrsi onpw t+atoang~h ynnsvs e a hc +mtpifsooKadrt wador.e a ivaom mvkt:+h oe TWp 2 ai.hd mstee tydp whouo iu;inl n l,nb bgloan ao s lcthot hkbmn a guacenhk'rwpn solsaleuukaypads ypa f@unrrow~tt oamaomnyr ,b@t)hcWTTuashaaphvcwer crv e ktBsrok ov) w+ l a'ewliauaohnd dampebc vu uamm; kpc,p+nbR , w v a6 w~au net+,tcacchr pmd nesak l f ilu n bdop wgscnaprhr tomco htminkstms e. e+m'M t undl ae5ooe pdubstavf hryiprfeo f l(a q at~ym hgTun veadcdhoj+ id wemrbnf aF oesWdan1rJtvy m~toW 4cjh*s ris eknu mmc a s ~ e ,ltenm0osd nm n1 btgip1urini lc.svo i ktinnheereged):l s
wrongly, that 5th has been written, painted, lime sheswmkpmctising thplnno auerages out ,back 'down (o-m sth)totaltebackachimo r passive.
spoken or created by a particular person: This at about an hour a day a demand that you have made, or sth that you 6 vtadv + r+nlpmn+adv r v+adv+n
atpQ)S'atYd iuHn b)+t ia unnlgtdps riobs sn wt e+hups arttelohIp y b s ab lsllrbsi bthut teod c too nGsiodyenr. that 5th is ma@'wmvo+uakkdlv9,a +jwp roekpe ne /a(a'wwaook~kea /an';wA wmkE:kar'wnEw km/) hlcEhraEeivtr9le m o scf a wllitrehdnre,eb umf dso uowrawi4llnlly 6h( b0wc kekwc dak 8owtdwho )snw;b g on fln.ow rtch Ieniss ( ytiosos uu eto. :e N Heiis- ,bsbwaaoicylcFksk &y isos u btu rBMpua ebch:ky mt'hueuIp atp ve1?lild t oomm y Hsl caipeysl~r vE&oe Sr rJ ssimhoonImw orf w tehesvan etw ntwit,tshhe ka lyanto lsourbnt,
caused by a particular person or thing Hi3 ow- awake to dhV 0rnI)t o h eawar e of sth 3 sC~U~OBACOKF F (FROM STHIPROM DOING STH), 2 to support or help sb/sth: Me2 mmplalnad that
cseasds csahne bue lmarn goet lgyo aitntrgi btau taetdtr tiab huater db lwamrek o. Qr a Shke astnhd- iTths epys fsiinballely r easluulotks;e t toa rtehael fhuel Io r& uenndte rosft atnhde QBAvC+Ka OdFvF STH ~~ htheer chhuisihdannnd, noe Wveri bnacgkeh de hr eurp u (p= I npl tahyei cnogn mtrouls oicf
(@rEeB~v Dve + nSa gnSeslpfcro~orrn0 iwOh + h p5oFrtelh ph ~t aod s hbalps-t h: put * d mto ah pe*trvo Sh+bWplemOrme~.p Awo W iIn sAf urKdodnEetN nTol Ofy m SaT&eH ,. AWloA RthEeNf a 8a0 T tOh aStT IHh ad ,bdalsaeWnecncnkwsiost hiy o't iohmfnretgi .tg osm hIb Ttu:e (phBnInleiaefnpc ogkamr l msooohfnarf ea nu.Mw nut2dpog l tmeIsoeadtr o sfmmpao noeb tvm:ae Ac aaskkw fet almyhay lh h oamwromdndr +tItaoEn ' sbQ rua &+ pcse npkculoptupirruppote nhno) +er[Ctr a )sd]m W~f vl us]st( lihvtAch + mes at hbEdaav, W nt + d ns) 'u~ M(p~-pi~fdoni~ryit)gs h !thE ex& pamrse assi'n.
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your situation: Guests are mmurqged to auail wrth thePmidenl.
&v+nlpmn+adv + r+adv+n
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,back 'ontos th Wh'i)f a bullding backs onto haw n huge-h&-up learn. 2 [cias econd piece of
sth, It has 5th tehind It: The Rote1 backs onto the equipment. set of plank percan, stc. that can
goIf mum. replace another if necessary: He 'sourk k-upi f
6' V+P~~P anotherplayer h't availubk. o the hk-up pian
,beck 'out; ,back 'out of slh; ,back 'out of 9 [C] (computing)a copy of a ffle, program, etc.
doing sth to decide not to do sth that you had for use in case the origtnal is lost or damaged:
agreed orpmmised to do: EwWing'sarmW. Haw you kepi a hck-upo f thisple?o a buck-up
It's too [rife to buck out mu o There'sstill time O disk
back out of selurye the how. + s@e &hBA CKUP B~BACKm T HU P