Oxford Living Grammar with answers. Intermediate (student's book)

157 Pages·2009·88.57 MB·English

by  Norman Coe

WIT ANSWERS

GRAMMAR

intermediate

id practise grammar in c

NormanCoe
Oxfo rd

OXFORD

Norman Coe
Tahdgereleradceye

What is Oxford Living Grammar?

Oxford thing Geommaris2 series of hve books hich
feuplain ant praciseqramenain everyday contexts, They
shaw how grammaris used in real-life situations thet
learners themselves wll experience, The books car be
used for self-study Forhomework arc!in clas

Elementary CEF level A+ towards KETevel,
Pronto: CEF level A2 KEI and towards PET vel)

Insermediate: CEF level BI (PET and towards FCE level

How are the books organized?

“Thetbaoks are dived int four page uns, each of
hich deals with an important qramaa ti, Uns ave
Sided azo to te page parts. Each unt begins wich an
‘explanation ofthe grammar aolnt and inches a unique
Grammar in action section which sows othe grar-ma
is ssedin pial avoryday situations. coxa ainswhen
rusethe gramme” pain Tis elle by a we”

cf contextualized axerives for eamers lo prctse the
Srenvrar thay nave read about, The secore part areach
Unitinwedues adeltional explanation ofthe topie, more
‘ammnrin aesion and mare cortextalzed exercises. The
last xcs in every unit provides practice af a variety of
the points and contexts intraduced neat the four pages.
‘The invention is thatthe fully contextualized
bxplanst ens and exerises vl shows rea Engl shin el
situations hich learners canreraarbe and apply to

the own experience

Word focus noes high ight unfamiliar words
expressions and enable lames to wen the yacabulers.
‘The Over to you section atthe buck ofthe book provides

‘comprehensive bank of review exercices earners are
frcauraged to do mere crective tasks about fhemsclves
fd thoi vn experience, using waas they have learred
Sample answers ar2 provided for thase tasks

‘Theres an Oxford Living Grammar Context Plus CD-
ROM at cach level with further grarnar practice and
Word focus exercises. Leaters ean asa buldlanger tats,
ard build and take pert in dislogues: ears can vecore
hr isten tothe own voce t improve pronunciation,
Troroave sigan tests a ech level so esr trs cay
See there are any areas they would like te study again

What grammar is included?

AIntermediae lev you ail tuny all he gracarar
receseary for Comorege PLL ane much of she grarmrt
reajuired forthe FCE.The choice of contexts in the
exercises has boon informed by the Common Eurepzar
Framework of Reference and the framenicof the
Association of Language lestersin Europe a

How can students use Oxford Living
Grammar on their own?

¥ou can work throug’ thebook rom beginning to end
Allthe unit vl present and practise the grammar ia
‘yee! everyday situations, hen you have ished the
exercises, you can goto the Over ta you tks for that
lepic at the buck othe bool for extra practice, and then
check your answers,

Or when yauhave.a particular gra~urar erable, ou
rmight-wane to study tht topic fis: You can look ip the
{opie you need in the Cantents a the frantot the hook,
rin the index at tie be,

How can teachers use the material in
the classroom?

ord ing Grammar anaoles your students ta leon
and practise English qrammav in cortext.The cones
se typiea everyday situations tha: ycur sudents
‘themselves wil exeence, such a5 talking about thelr
lnm experiances, having conversations with people they
havemet taking about other people, and discussing
common topes,

“The silat ive into 30 Lepage Units when we
hope il make the bok kee for study wer an academic
year Units ear be studied in any orde’ or you end your
sudden can work through he book rom beginnings
tend, The Overt you tasks provide freer aracice an
more creative review isl
Contents

Introduction pagel

Verbs and tenses

01 Present simple and present continuous 2
Forms, uses, and contexts

Present tenses with fulure meaning
02 Talking about the past 6
Past simple and past continuous
Used te
08 Present parfect 10

Forms, vses, and contexts; ime phrasas
Present perfect continuous

(04 Past simple and present perfect;
past perfect 7
Past simple and present perfect
Past perfect
05 The future 8
Going (0
Will and shail

Madal verbs

86. Ability, permission, and requests »
Ability: ao, ould be abe te, managed to
Permission and requests: car could, ay

veil and wut

07 Possibility and probability:
perfect modals 26
Possibility and probability: may, might,
cauid, most, and ent
Perfect rrodals: must have ben,
cau hove done

08 Duty and obligation 30
Should, ought to, have igol! to
Must, need 10

Verb forms and structures

09 Infinitives and-ing forms (1) poge 34
Verb 1 infinitive or verb 1 ing
Limatedt her to come,

10 infinitives and -ing forms (2) 38

Hike to play tennis or ike playing tennis
Poosing is hare t0 a, ec.

11 Thepassive a
Present and past tenses
Futureand modal aassives;
have something tou
12 Phrasal and prepositional verbs 6
Phrasal verbs
Prepostional verbs

13 indirect speach (1) 50
Reporting statements
Reporting questions

14 indirect speech (2) a”
Reported iequests, orders, and advice
Advanced points

15. Conditional sentences 38
Zora canditional and fst conditional
Second conditionel

Nouns, pronouns, determiners

16 Nouns a
Countable ancl uncounsable nouns:articles
Noun + naun

17 Possessives 66

Possessive adjectives and pronouns
sands’ ofmine

18 Demonstratives 70
This that, these, and those
Thisis what vies sai.

19. Quantifiers 8

‘Some, any, no: much. many, «lot of
Pronouns: sernebodly, everything, etc
Adjectives and adverbs

20 Comparative and superlative forms page 78
Adjectives: al far, tallest
Adverbs: early earlier eaiest

21 (Not) as... a5, enough, too 2
They ran as fast as they could, but not
fast enough.
Hes toa young,
22. Adverbs 86
Advernsof frequency, tre, place,
and manner
Adverbs of probability, degree,
and completeness
23. Connecting adverbs 20
'S0, 10, either, nether
First, next, then, ete actualy, fortunately, ete;
only. even

Prepositions

24 Prepositions (1) 94
Preposition + nounfadjective: forsale,
intove, ete
Noungadjective + oreposition
25. Prepositions (2) 98

Preposition + noun » preposition
Prepositions in linking phrases

Building sentences
26 Linking words
Either... or neither.
because, for
Inorder to, so that, such a

page 102

sr, oth. and,

27 Linking sentences
If. not, unless, n case te
Bat, though, however

28 Relative clauses
Defining relative clauses with who,
which, thot or whose
Non-defining relative clauses with who,
which ot whese

no

29 Expressions oftime, place, and reason 114
When, sie, until before, afer, as soon as
When, where, why, whenever, wherever
30 Leaving out words na
{Emma sings ond dances
Leaving nut words in defining
relative clauses
Over to you 122
Form tables 126
Verb tables wt
Answer key 932
Answer key Over to you 143
index “7
01

Present simple and present continuous

Forms, uses, and contexts

1 Present simple
Here are some ramps af the present simples
We vein a house Ives inarRot
oul doesn tlhe bee od dont kei ether
Boy speateFrench? Does Tey speck Dutch?

We adds o ere pose heshedt form of regular vets,
{Formove information en iregular vars, swe. 1273,

We use dofdoes a neqntives and questions.

2 We use the present simple to talk about permanent
silyatlons facts, and regular, repeated, orconssant
Theitver Amazon Rows into the état
Thay don't haveszhooton sturdays.
hore fal brea ee deeper

3. Present continuous
‘We foim che present continuous with the present of
be famiisfae} + the-ing form.

Whats Sala doing? ~ She srudyieg for herexons

{Forrules on sping the ing farm, see p12)

4 Weuse the present continuous e talk about
someting hapaciing 3¢r around te moment
of speaking:

“ane cv come fo the phone — she® having a bath

5 Weuse the present continuous foran incamplete
lim (vesnectaa, i thi week he staying with
hisporents.

16 Some verbs describe states and da not normaly have:
ike Soni lms um Bking Spore irs

‘Weuse state verbs alk about chaughts ie.
believe, know, seem, think, understanel, fealings
{eg agree, hope like, ove, want), existence (be
possession ig have, belong, ovina the
proaerties ef something 69 cost, contain,
include, mean

Note thas some verbs cn descibe an action
| orstarceg,
oyu hve var? state)

She’ having a shower faction now)
| _ Siebasosovercver ning elec)
"he eeu ioaks good. ete)
|) What re thes fosking a? faction now)
rayslockat the sears pages. regular action}
Ibe Lyra a
Lie being naught. faction ne
volts of ir actiond

mnougtei

Grammar in action

4] Wecan use the present simple to ta kabout where
peoplelive, study, and work
My hushed, Sack, and vein teed bus wn
trator

‘We use the present simple fr things we dea every day
or mest days
‘Bay vnte the newton 772 Ne, dom usa
‘get home time bur oer Aster to menews. the
aio beore gota sigp.

le ofr use hequercyadverhs fen, usualy etc)
wth che present simple

2 We use tae present simple ta explainhow we co

things. or hove things happenin busines, pis,
‘how dot make on omete” Wel brsok wo eos
Jt bes tale ssa.
Water freezes at Cand boils 10°C.

4 We use the present continuous totale about things
that have stated but not finished,
forexample when oe dezeribe our
‘current stuation meter cma

Were saying in tovely noel by
thesea. Werebeing very lary. ond
geting up lte every dy.

Theactions are stations we dseribe arent ahaays
In progressarthisexact mo~ent. Here somecne talks
about ther fe around the moment of speaking
spending mast ofmy ve lsoking
‘lo iearng aan ann
fing ay accountancy exes
A fire-fighter doesn’t only fight fires

‘Complete the text by using the verbs in brackets inthe present simple,

Neturaly. freighters 9% out wut fees, but their job also

linel.ce} many othe” tings. They ate 2 rescae) people from car
crashes, and when thee is lowe. ey > pump the water aut
‘of buiklings Aahey divas “pot work)
with aumans. someone 4 (phoned ta sy that reir cats suck
ina re, the fre sevice * tgend) someone to save it In some
placesa freighter 2 pot, wort) hous evry day, nsteed, they

' fdot a 28-hcur nik and then "ave wo
Shays oi which efeourse equal hours a dayl

What are the children doing?

-father phones home to talk to the babysitter. Complete the conversation with the
Present continuous of the verbs inthe Box. Use short forms where possible.

ask pe “behave build concentrate do
diaié help look phone sta ry

SiN elo, Ann. TasiaSam. Io: peoune, 2 taaskabourtne

iad Us. you Vofierther but ey
Fel?

ann On, yes They are very good.

sho What Jimmy "

any Ae » abridge an the oar with hs Lego,

SAM Sn Laure Sbime

NK No. she " sethotable she Stodraws tiger

Laka Whe you “a ant

ANN es your father te, + about you. Bo you wa totale te hin?

LAURA No just tel Fim that "¥ piture for hint and
H 2 very oat

Canteen conversation

Some office workers are talking at kanchtime, Complete the conversation by crossing
‘outthe form that doesnt

TK {seo thu. you rezating Feat a wagotarian dls. Are Da you aay eating eat™
vegetarian food?

CLARE No.1 eating ear’ everthing but i jingy try this today because
it Soaking looks "sa goo sorta

[iit Mycousinis a vegan. Thats meoning eons that he io eating des ot any
animal products At the moment he ufviog sure Fars ata arblem
land the ectar thinking hls" thet he should ea some fh ec mec.

Fao ins eeeming,<eems*si ly tome ta be sa strict. Psople oreo ating om”
animals get mil oF 2695 for example,

“WL magresingagrae™ with ys, bul ny cousin €ellevingBeheves” that we
Should explo srimas tal

(CLAIRE. al ning hope" that hel soon get over hs vitamin problem,
Present simple and present continuous
Present tenses with future meaning

7 Wecan use the present simple and theprasent
continuous to alk about the future:
“The star storts 2¢9.00 and lasts 3 hous
Ym meeting Lie torre night- we're going 9
the canna to se the new Coen trather

Grammarin ac

We use the present simple lo taleabott something in
the furwe thats offically organized for example cn
timetable or schedules

Theoret provide packed inch because the
couch leaves at 7 30rd doesnt turn unt the
‘erening

What love do closes stort net keri Term tats
‘90 15° September ut cloves don arate

S$ Weuse the present continuous tak 2kout some-hing
inshefirureshatwe Rave agreed to do:
‘nero foregoing tthe theare tonight chen were
heving dinner at nite

i

Here, we ate talking about our plans
forthe weekend
‘Areyou doing anything atthe
\weekend?~ playing ens ith
Mary Sota.

D_ Making arrangements to travel

A boss stalking to his secretary. Use the verbs in brackets to complete the dogue.
‘ith the present simple. Use short forms where possile

8085 Remind meof the arsangemerts for tomorow Rabin,
OG el yourfight <e..00 2 (depart ram Heathrow at 7.10.

1085 OK. And whien terminal

* lease from Termine 2. a
‘dt arivl in Frankfurt unt 840,thea you
Shute us inea te.

ROaN It

poss gan
ORIN. Ys, the ight
hour shea.

* take} the

> lst)an hour end ahel but Germany sone

2055 Oh. yes of course Al the meeting? When, they
egies?
RODIN AT 11100, ftershe moesings yeu * haved plenty of time for

lunch because your Fight back
iget auc neveat 630 cal ne,
oss That hne because thers

5 pot eave) unel o'clock.

"tbe: aChamplons League match
* ino start until quarto eight
E Arranging to meet

Use a verb from the box in the present simple or the present continuous to complete
the dalogue, Use short forms where possible,

begin’ da Reto Get! "Gal ga lkaeRotleave meee ake

UA There’ an interesting talkon healt Hvng athe itary thi Fides 20°09 ©
wth Sarah. We "in the café opposite. Yow about jaining us?
Lasts, At7 o'clock
aK > ny rhe w thu tao ot ida aid i ain
«until zbou querterto even so wort he back in time rn
avid hat alot the usted? you :

frying speril on Saturiay?
anes, ots of us,

the antiwar demonstration in Lees

ack How you there?
Fring InSaracene ie her at 89.0 rm sure theres ra9m foryau.
ARK OK ® anything else, salen you

F Making excuses

Look at Alan's diary for next week and then read the emall messages he has received.
Ure the words given to waite his replies.

T mondey tym Dinner with Mary | Sniday’ pat bunds ith the Lost 1
sesegit se Teena tere Setyries Scene wre a .

huesaay 96. delp Seu Hn mews

4. Aan De you wantto goto the cine on Monday evening? Lenny
Hiern Monday evenna/a good. have rner woh ty. How abourWecescay?
Hjbeory, anda een’ chine goed (xey deine sianar «Ps Mines Mow aboutWedvesday? | |
1 Alan: Can we meet on Tuesday afternoon ro taleabe the holiday? Sue :
Hisue I’fnid/eant meet on Tuesday aferoon bomause pay torn wath tt Alan
HS a : tn
2 Hialor Anychanes of ecing you on Thursday <femoon? Kin
Anson feant/seeyou an Thurday ateraon, hel Sam mave ino hr Mat. Alan
3 Dear Alar: Can we have lunch wagether an Friday? Lov. Vumt
Deon, FidayFno good. |/havedluneh wth the boss Anyvay ee on Sstrda Love Alan
Beet oe . tae Aan
4 Thala areyautce an Sattaay morning need yur advice. Tony
| Hier Sony/go/sn¢pping wth ry mun on Saturday erring, you!do‘anythingin the evening? Ale) |
H tony. — : oe |

Lan

(EERE Now go to page 122.
0

1

3

Talking abaut the past

Past simple
‘Ta formthe snstve pastsimple, dd ed tote verb,
Vieforminegatives and questions with dldaldn't +
vert

ast Sonuray painted my Yecroom.

tbat stay ot 2hemorty very org cr dete

Did os enjoy vous tthday?i aden one

“The cast spl ithe same inl persons. Many
corumon verns 27 esl
(Forroreinfoomstion, ee p. 129)

Wwe the past simple tora abe

shor evans inthe pase
When did Cscer phone you?
+ longerpast actions:
"Mary oc Ti studied physics univers
+ repeated eventsin the gas:
‘De thornes sited 43 putes ester

+ past states!
Campurers costae nore fen yeatsago.

We often use the pase simple with time expressions
‘uch 3¢ yesterday, last weekiyeat,n 1999, ewe years
ago, when!, haw long?

Bia ne ecient happen sesteraay seve ys 902

then did they mowe?~ They moved in 2007

titel dy stey? Hestayed for to yrs

Past continuous
Wie orm te past corninuos wil wasinere =g orm:
‘They were waiting for as
wes raining ot esi
Were youdstemng tore?

\Weuse te past continuous 2 doseite an action oF
siluaio inthe pas thal vantinued fo a period of ime:
‘ewes snowing heya tay.
Shewaseryng wale notching nef,

sive
aa

stbeandtenses

What vera yon deing
‘ons wouldhos:the Olrspis in 201

Past simple and past continuous

We can use the past continuous fortwo actions that
sere bath n progress at the ame tine:
Whe was cleaning ihe Moors th chun yore
washing tii’.

Grammar in action

1 Weusethe past simple rok about completes
scitonsin the pas. 37 often mention when the sctlon
happened. te can bis up a pictur of tha past for
example oan Inteniewe

eearim. end yaw pai schol?

ae Mishel n 1990,
nero Did you go to university
thesame yea

- NosFlist nent abroad

‘orayea: twerked non
fmphanage vee
oye aren siemonth,

‘Weuse the past continuous total about actions we
were the mid oft parieular tines in the past:

rarcsiay Whatwere ye dotan yesterday.at
Su clouk?
os uns stig ea arnt,

Seucun Hekno hoon made
one el rz yourear at
5:15. heer ya 0m
hea younvedetbarcel?

ye twarganghome, ‘a

We use the past simple to give the artions in ast7+
ands sno Ue past continuous to ive background
Information tio the situation

evs raining se te alr pucen hr ceat Ihe
hie sere ating byte dont. She Weed therm
ondsctottforthesttion Whieshe ves wasting fo
the taly, shenmticed a hanslag undera banc

At the time it happened

‘We often ask what people were doing when something important happened.
Complete these questions and ansmersy writing in the correct form of the verbs

{you da}when you =p 2 thea tat