Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Nursing PDF
Preview Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Nursing
OXFORD MEDICAL PUBLICATIONS Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Nursing Published and forthcoming Oxford Handbooks in Nursing Oxford Handbook of Musculoskeletal Nursing Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Nursing 2nd edition Terry Robinson and Jane Scullion Edited by Susan M. 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It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Oxford University Press 2021 The moral rights of the authors have been asserted First Edition published in 2008 Second Edition published in 2021 Impression: 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Control Number: 2020944540 ISBN 978– 0– 19– 883181– 5 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198831815.001.0001 Printed and bound in China by C&C Offset Printing Co., Ltd. Oxford University Press makes no representation, express or implied, that the drug dosages in this book are correct. Readers must therefore always check the product information and clinical procedures with the most up-t o- date published product information and data sheets provided by the manufacturers and the most recent codes of conduct and safety regulations. The authors and the publishers do not accept responsibility or legal liability for any errors in the text or for the misuse or misapplication of material in this work. Except where otherwise stated, drug dosages and recommendations are for the non-p regnant adult who is not breast- feeding Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work. v Contents Abbreviations vii Contributors xi Covid-19 xiii 1 Introduction 1 2 Why work in respiratory nursing? 7 3 Anatomy and physiology 13 4 Respiratory assessment 29 5 Respiratory investigations 75 6 Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 137 7 Asthma and allergies 145 8 Bronchiectasis 215 9 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 235 10 Cystic fibrosis 285 11 Interstitial lung disease (ILD) 299 12 Lung cancer and mesothelioma 313 13 Obstructive sleep apnoea 335 14 Oxygen therapy 345 15 Pharmacology 377 16 Pleural effusion 437 17 Pneumonia 445 18 Pneumothorax 455 19 Pulmonary embolism 463 20 Pulmonary hypertension 473 21 Non- invasive ventilation (NIV) 485 22 Tuberculosis (TB) 497 23 Palliative care 507 24 Pulmonary rehabilitation 515 vi Contents 25 Smoking and public health 523 26 Sex, sexuality, and breathlessness 553 27 The multidisciplinary team 561 28 Flying, altitude, and diving 593 29 Glossary 609 30 Useful contacts 621 Index 623 vii Abbreviations ABG arterial blood gas cGMP Cyclic Guanosine ACE angiotensin- converting enzyme Monophosphate ACBT Active Cycle of Breathing CHF Chronic Heart Failure Techniques COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary ACT asthma control test disease ADR Adverse drug reaction COSHH Control of Substances Hazardous to Health AFB acid- fast bacilli CPAP continuous positive airway ALK anaplastic lymphoma kinase pressure AMS Acute Mountain Sickness CPEX cardiopulmonary exercise test ANA antinuclear antibody CRP C- reactive protein ANCA antinuclear cytoplasmic CT computed tomography antibody CVA Cerebral Vascular Accident ANF atrial natriuretic factor CVS cardiovascular system APRV Airway Pressure Release Ventilation CVS chorionic villus sampling ARDS acute respiratory distress CXR chest X- ray syndrome DIOS distal intestinal obstruction ARNS Association of Respiratory syndrome Nurse Specialists DOACs Direct Oral Anticoagulants ASH Action on Smoking and Health DOT directly observed therapy ASM airway smooth muscle DPI dry powder inhaler ATS American Thoracic Society ECG Electro-cardiogram BCG bacillus Calmette-Guerin DVLA Driver and Vehicle BAME Black, Asian and Minority Licensing Agency Ethnic DVT deep vein thrombosis BHR Bronchial Hyperreactivity ECMO extracorporeal membrane BLF British Lung Foundation oxygenation BMI body mass index ED emergency department BNF British National Formulary EDS excessive daytime sleepiness BOOP Bronchiolitis Obliterans EIA exercise- induced asthma Organizing Pneumonia EPAP expiratory positive airway BPM breaths per minute pressure BSACI British Society for Allergy and EPP Expert Patients Programme Clinical Immunology ERA Endothelin Receptor Agonist BTS British Thoracic Society ERS European Respiratory Society CAP community- acquired pneumonia ESC European Society of Cardiology CAT COPD Assessment Test ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate CBT cognitive behavioural therapy EU European Union CCG Clinical Commissioning Group FBC full blood count CF cystic fibrosis FeNO fraction of exhaled nitric oxide CFCs Chlorofluorocarbons FiO Fraction of inspired oxygen 2 CFRD cystic fibrosis- related diabetes FLD first- line drugs CFTR cystic fibrosis transmembrane FRC functional residual capacity conductance regulator FVC forced vital capacity CO2 carbon dioxide GCS Glasgow Coma Scale viii Abbreviations GMS General Medical Service LTOT long- term oxygen therapy GOLD Global Obstructive Lung LTRA Leukotriene receptor Disease antagonist GORD gastro- oesophageal reflux LVF left ventricular failure disease LVRS lung- volume reduction surgery GP general practitioner MAI mycobacterium avium GPwSI GP with a specialist interest intracellulare GSF Gold Standards Framework MART maintenance and reliever HADS Hospital Anxiety and therapy Depression Scale MDR-TB Multi-Drug Resistant HaH Hospital at Home Tuberculosis Hb Haemaglobin MDT mechanical diagnosis and treatment (also HCP healthcare professional multidisciplinary team) HEF High Efficiency Filter MPAP mean pulmonary artery HFAs Hydrofluoroalkanes pressure HIV human immunodeficiency virus MRC Medical Research Council HOCF Home Oxygen Consent Form MRI magnetic resonance imaging HOOF Hone Oxygen Order Form MTB Mycobacterium Tuberculosis HOSAR home oxygen assessment and NHS National Health Service review service NICE National Institute for Health HP hypersensitivity pneumonitis and Care Excellence HRCT high-r esolution computed NiPPV non- invasive positive pressure tomography ventilation IC inspiratory capacity NIV non- invasive ventilation ICS inhaled corticosteroid NO nitric oxide ICU intensive care unit NRAD national review of IHORM initial home oxygen risk asthma deaths mitigation form NRT nicotine replacement therapy ILD interstitial lung disease NSAID Non-steroidal IMIG International Mesothelioma anti-inflammatory Interest Group NSCLC non- small cell lung cancer INR international normalized ratio NSIP non- specific interstitial IOT intermittent oxygen therapy pneumonia IPAP inspiratory positive airway OSA obstructive sleep apnoea pressure OSAS obstructive sleep apnoea IPC indwelling pleural catheter syndrome IPF idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis OT occupational therapist IPPV Intermittant positive pressure OTC over the counter ventilation PAAP Personal Action Asthma Plans ITU intensive therapy unit PACS Picture Archiving and IV intravenous Communication System IVC Inferior vena cava PAF platelet- activating factor JVP jugular venous pressure PCI prophylactic cranial irradiation LAM Lymphangiomyomatosis PCO primary care organizations LAMA long- acting antimuscarinics PCRS Primary Care Respiratory LLN lower limit of normal Society LMW low- molecular weight PCT primary care trusts LRTI lower respiratory tract PCV Pressure control ventilation infection PE pulmonary embolism Abbreviations ix PEEP positive end expiratory SCLC small cell lung cancer pressure SCUBA Self Contained Underwater PEF peak expiratory flow Breathing Apparatus PEFR peak expiratory flow rate SVC slow vital capacity PEP positive expiratory pressure SWT shuttle walk test PET positron emission tomography TB Tuberculosis PH pulmonary arterial TENS transcutaneous nerve hypertension stimulation PN practice nurse TKI tyrosine kinase inhibitor PR pulmonary rehabilitation TLC total lung capacity RADS reactive airway dysfunction TTE Transthoracic Echocardiogram syndrome UIP usual interstitial pneumonia RAST radioallergosorbent test UK United Kingdom RBC red blood cell VALI ventilator- associated RCP Royal College of Physicians lung injury RF rheumatoid factor VAP ventilator- associated RHC right heart catheterization pneumonia RSV respiratory syncytial virus VATS video- assisted thoracoscopic surgery RV residual volume VC vital capacity RVC relaxed vital capacity V/Q Ventilation perfusion SABR stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy WHO World Health Organization SACT systemic anticancer treatment XDR-TB Extensively Drug Resistant Tuberculosis SARS severe acute respiratory syndrome
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