Oxford Handbook of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology

909 Pages·2017·4.361 MB·English

by  Estée Török, Ed Moran, Fiona Cooke

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i

OXFORD MEDICAL PUBLICATIONS
Oxford Handbook of
Infectious Diseases
and Microbiology
ii
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iii
Oxford Handbook of
Infectious
Diseases and
Microbiology
Second edition
Dr M. Estée Török
Clinical Scientist Fellow & Senior Research Associate
University of Cambridge, UK
Dr Ed Moran
Consultant in Infectious Disease
Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK
Dr Fiona J. Cooke
Consultant Medical Microbiologist
Addenbrooke’s Hospital
Cambridge, UK
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First Edition published in 2009
Second Edition published in 2017
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Foreword to the second
edition
It is a great honour to be writing the foreword for the latest edition of the
Oxford Handbook Infectious Diseases and Microbiology.
It is put together by a talented and committed group of authors who have
direct experience and insight on the practicalities of delivering specialist clin-
ical care in infectious diseases and microbiology, as well as in running expert
laboratory support and advancing research in the field.
The latest edition of the Handbook provides an ideal and useful com-
bination of being organized into chapters that are both organism-based
and syndrome-based. The new edition importantly provides more infor-
mation and detail on infection prevention which is increasingly important
in the context of addressing antimicrobial resistance as well as protecting
our patients and staff. Well laid out, user-friendly flow charts have been
provided in this edition providing valuable rapid resources, for example in
organism identification. A newly updated section on antibiotic resistance
and antibiotic agents also provides critical information for the now com-
bined ID/Microbiology trainees in the UK, but also valuable for any infec-
tion specialty trainees internationally.
It is marvellous to see that the Handbook is promoting cross-disciplinary
working and provides a shared resource for all of those working in infec-
tious diseases and clinical microbiology, whether they are students, train-
ees or senior doctors or ID pharmacists, nurses and biomedical scientists,
infection nurses.
Alison Holmes,
Professor of Infectious Diseases,
Imperial College, UK
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Preface to the second
edition
Medicine is all about adapting to change as research is published and new
therapies launched. In the years since the publication of the first edition
of this book the treatment of viral hepatitis has transformed beyond rec-
ognition, to the extent that drugs have been introduced and withdrawn
as obsolete, and novel classes of anti-virals and antibiotics are now main-
stream. Those of us working in infection have additional challenges: the
rise of entirely new diseases (MERS, Ebola, Chikungunya and Zika have
each taken their turn in the spotlight), the failure of treatments that have
served us faithfully for many years (multi-resistant organisms now attract
the attention of Presidents and Prime Ministers), and the automation and
molecular revolution in our diagnostic laboratories. UK infection training
has responded with the distinction between classic ‘Infectious Disease’ and
‘Microbiology’ becoming ever harder to spot, recognized with the launch of
Core Infection Training.
Whilst as ever no single book—or at least no single portable book—can
tell you everything you need to know, we hope that this second edition of
the Oxford Handbook of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology will continue to
prompt, guide, and educate those caring for people with infections.
Estée Török,
Ed Moran, Fiona Cooke
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Acknowledgements
With thanks to Lee Reed for significant revision contributions, and to Jane
Stockley, Armine Sefton, Gemma Winzor, and George Trafford for pro-
viding valuable thoughts on the first draft. Mike Riste, Chris Green, and
Rebecca Sutherland provided invaluable extra pairs of eyes in proof reading
the final version.
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Contents
Symbols and abbreviations xiii
Part 1 Antimicrobials 
1 Basics of antimicrobials  3
2 Antibiotics  31
3 Antifungals  79
4 Antivirals  89
5 Antiparasitic therapy  111
Part 2 Infection control 
6 Infection control  129
Part 3 Systematic microbiology 
7 Bacteria  207
8 Viruses  365
9 Fungi  469
10 Protozoa  511
11 Helminths  541
12 Ectoparasites  571
Part 4 Clinical syndromes 
13 Fever  579
14 Respiratory, head, and neck infections  589
15 Cardiovascular infections  629
16 Gastrointestinal infections  643
17 Urinary tract infections  677
18 Sexually transmitted infections  693
19 Neurological infections  717
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xii CONTENTS
20 Ophthalmological infections  745
21 Skin and soft tissue infections  757
22 Bone and joint infections  773
23 Pregnancy and childhood  785
24 Immunodeficiency and HIV  809
25 Health protection  843
Index  851