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G R V d e t ni U r - s.i 9 & n s 9 a hir si a er t p . p vi tahir99 - UnitedVRG vip.persianss.ir OXFORD MEDICAL PUBLICATIONS Oxford Handbook of Anaesthesia G R V d e t ni U r - s.i 9 & n s 9 a hir si a er t p . p vi tahir99 - UnitedVRG vip.persianss.ir Published and forthcoming Oxford Handbooks Oxford Handbook for the Foundation Programme 3e Oxford Handbook of Acute Medicine 3e Oxford Handbook of Anaesthesia 3e Oxford Handbook of Applied Dental Sciences Oxford Handbook of Cardiology Oxford Handbook of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2e Oxford Handbook of Clinical Dentistry 5e Oxford Handbook of Clinical Diagnosis 2e Oxford Handbook of Clinical Examination and Practical Skills Oxford Handbook of Clinical Haematology 3e Oxford Handbook of Clinical Immunology and Allergy 2e Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine - Mini Edition 8e Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine 8e Oxford Handbook of Clinical Pharmacy Oxford Handbook of Clinical Rehabilitation 2e Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties 8e Oxford Handbook of Clinical Surgery 3e Oxford Handbook of Complementary Medicine Oxford Handbook of Critical Care 3e Oxford Handbook of Dental Patient Care 2e Oxford Handbook of Dialysis 3e Oxford Handbook of Emergency Medicine 3e Oxford Handbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes 2e Oxford Handbook of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Oxford Handbook of Expedition and Wilderness Medicine Oxford Handbook of Gastroenterology & Hepatology Oxford Handbook of General Practice 3e Oxford Handbook of Genetics Oxford Handbook of Genitourinary Medicine, HIV and AIDS 2e Oxford Handbook of Geriatric Medicine Oxford Handbook of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Oxford Handbook of Key Clinical Evidence Oxford Handbook of Medical Dermatology Oxford Handbook of Medical Sciences Oxford Handbook of Medical Statistics Oxford Handbook of Nephrology and Hypertension Oxford Handbook of Neurology Oxford Handbook of Nutrition and Dietetics 2e Oxford Handbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2e Oxford Handbook of Occupational Health Oxford Handbook of Oncology 3e Oxford Handbook of Ophthalmology Oxford Handbook of Paediatrics Oxford Handbook of Pain Management Oxford Handbook of Palliative Care 2e Oxford Handbook of Practical Drug Therapy 2e Oxford Handbook of Pre-Hospital Care Oxford Handbook of Psychiatry 2e Oxford Handbook of Public Health Practice 2e Oxford Handbook of Reproductive Medicine & Family Planning Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine 2e Oxford Handbook of Rheumatology 2e Oxford Handbook of Sport and Exercise Medicine Oxford Handbook of Tropical Medicine 3e Oxford Handbook of Urology 2e tahir99 - UnitedVRG vip.persianss.ir Oxford Handbook of Anaesthesia Third edition Edited by G Keith G. Allman R V d Consultant Anaesthetist, e Royal Devon and Exeter NHtS Foundation Trust, ni UK U r and 9 - & n s s.i Iain H.9 Wilson a hir si Coansultant Anaesthetist, er t Royal Devon and Exeter pNHS Foundation Trust, . UK p vi Assistant Editor Aidan O’Donnell Consultant Anaesthetist, Hamilton, New Zealand 1 tahir99 - UnitedVRG vip.persianss.ir 1 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offi ces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York G © Oxford University Press, 2011 R The moral rights of the authors have been asserted V Database right Oxford University Press (maker) d e First published 2002 nit Second edition 2006 U r RTehpirrdin etdeidti o20n0 270 (1t1w ice with correctio-n s) s.i All rights reserved. No part o9f th9is publication ma&y be reproadunceds, swtoitrheodu tin t hae r eptrrioierv aple srymhsitisesmrio,n o irn t wrarnitsimngit otef dO, ixnf oarndy Ufonrimvse iorsri tbyy P arneys sm, eans, or as expressly peramitted by law, or under termse agrreed with the appropriate reprographics rtights organization. Enquiries copncerning reproduction . outside the scope of the above should bpe sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the addvreiss above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Data available Typeset by Glyph International, Bangalore, India Printed in China on acid-free paper through Asia Pacifi c Offset ISBN 978–0–19–958404–8 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 Oxford University Press makes no representation, express or implied, that the drug dosages in this book are correct. Readers must therefore always check the product information and clinical procedures with the most up-to-date published product information and data sheets provided by the manufacturers and the most recent codes of conduct and safety regula- tions. The authors and the publishers do not accept responsibility or legal liability for any errors in the text or for the misuse or misapplication of matetraiahl inir t9his9 w -o rkU. nitedVRG vip.persianss.ir v Preface Welcome to the third edition of the Oxford Handbook of Anaesthesia . We have been delighted with the success of the handbook, and hope that this edition will be well received. The third edition contains many changes to take account of the feedback obtained from readers and reviewers. We have involved new authors in different sections of the book so that the material remains up-to-date and refl ects a balanced set of views. In our opinion, each author is an established expert in their fi eld and, more importantly, a good clinical anaesthetist. The book describes the preparation of the patient for anaesthesia, the implications of concurrent diseases and the general principles of anaesthetic practice for different subspecialties. A practical approach is suggested where appropriate. There are detailed chapters on obstetric and paediatric anaesthesia, and also emergencies. A comprehensive drug formulary is included. The Oxford Handbook of Anaesthesia remains a practical guide to anaesthesia written for those who have mastered basic anaesthetic techniques, but need advice for the many common problems encountered in clinical practice. The Oxford Handbook of Anaesthesia has proved popular in many countries throughout the world. A low-cost edition is available in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh and translations have been produced in Chinese, Italian, and Polish. An American edition was produced in 2008. We are particularly grateful for the expert proofreading skills of Dr Aidan O’Donnell who has provided invaluable support during the preparation of this edition. Despite all our efforts it is possible that an occasional error exists: please be careful. We hope that you will enjoy this latest edition of the O xford Handbook of Anaesthesia . Please email us your criticisms and suggestions, so that we can keep improving the book. Many thanks to our understanding families and authors and to the landlord and locals of the Teign House Inn (www.teignhouseinn.co.uk) for continuing help and advice. Keep well, Keith and Iain [email protected] 2011 tahir99 - UnitedVRG vip.persianss.ir This page intentionally left blank tahir99 - UnitedVRG vip.persianss.ir vii Contents C ontributors xi A bbreviations xv Preoperative assessment and preparation for anaesthesia 1 General considerations 1 2 Consent and anaesthetic risk 17 3 Cardiovascular disease 45 4 Perioperative arrhythmias 81 5 Respiratory disease 97 6 Renal disease 127 7 Hepatic disease 139 8 Endocrine and metabolic disease 155 9 Bone, joint, and connective tissue disorders 191 10 Haematological disorders 203 11 Neurological and muscular disorders 239 12 Psychiatric disorders and drugs 277 13 Uncommon conditions 295 Anaesthesia for surgical specialties 14 Cardiac surgery 331 15 Thoracic surgery 365 16 Neurosurgery 403 17 Vascular surgery 441 18 Orthopaedic surgery 465 19 Plastic surgery 513 20 General surgery 535 tahir99 - UnitedVRG vip.persianss.ir viii CONTENTS 21 Liver transplantation and resection 569 22 Endocrine surgery 579 23 Urological surgery 591 24 Gynaecological surgery 613 25 Ear, nose, and throat surgery 631 26 Maxillofacial and dental surgery 667 27 Ophthalmic surgery 679 28 Day surgery 701 29 Laser surgery 709 30 Anaesthesia for CT, MRI and Interventional Radiology 715 31 Anaesthesia for the elderly 727 Obstetric anaesthesia and analgesia 32 Obstetric anaesthesia and analgesia 735 Paediatric and neonatal anaesthesia 33 Paediatric and neonatal anaesthesia 799 Anaesthetic emergencies 34 The critically ill patient 861 35 Anaesthetic emergencies 907 Practical anaesthesia 36 Airway assessment and management 969 37 Practical anaesthesia 1005 38 Blood products and fl uid therapy 1065 tahir99 - UnitedVRG vip.persianss.ir CONTENTS ix Acute pain 39 Acute pain 1089 40 Postoperative nausea and vomiting 1113 Regional anaesthesia 41 Regional anaesthesia 1119 Drug formulary and data 42 Drug formulary 1193 43 Anaesthesia data 1259 I ndex 1281 tahir99 - UnitedVRG vip.persianss.ir

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The bestselling Oxford Handbook of Anaesthesia has been completely updated for this new third edition. All chapters have been rewritten and a number of new authors have been brought on board to add their expertise and knowledge. Additional new material includes regional anaesthesia, and a comprehens