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Oxford Grammar for Schools 4. Student's Book PDF

177 Pages·2016·32.59 MB·English
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Oxford Grammar f°i Schools Student's DVD-Rom OXFORD Oxford Grammar for Schools Martin Moore OXPORD UNIVERSITY PRESS OXFORD UNIVERSITY l*RKSS Great Clarendon Street. Oxford. 0x2 6dp, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It fnrt lid.s the University"s objective of excellence in research, scholarship. and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries ©Oxford University Press 2014 The moral rights of the author have been asserted First published in 2014 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 10 987654321 No unauthorized photocopying All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law. by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the ELT Riglus Department. Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose Ibis same condition on any acquirer links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work isbn: 9780194539034 Printed in China This book is printed 011 paper from certified and well-managed sources. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Illustrations by. Judy Brown pp.7.16.21.39.46.71.91.100.106.124.139. 145 (Fx 3). 159.166: Heather Clarke pp.29 (Ex 8). 55.75. 78 (Ex 1). 90. 123. 123 (Ex 1). 136.145 (Prepositions of place). 149.158; James Hart pp.26.29 (Ex 10). 42.58.86.98. 118. 155. 163; Sean Longcroft pp. 18.33.48.65. 85.87. 112. 121. 142.146.152; Oxford University Press pp.107.169; Andy Peters pp.6.11.15.20. 24. 30.35.41.45. 52.57.61. 73. 78(Reported speech). 84.89.96. 103.105.110. 116.120.123 (desert island). 127.132.140.144.148.153.156; Jo,ftyior pp.9.38. 102. 107. 129 We would also like to thank the following for permission to reproduce the following photographs: Alamy pp.94 (Jim Wileman). 154 (credit card/nol>oastsoficrcc). (chips/Viktor Fischer). (dictionaiy/I). Hurst), (swimming hat/Anton Starikov). (keyboard/Zoonar/lgorTerekhov/Zoonar Gmbll). 157 (lunkyfood London/Paul Williams). 159 (Tony French); Corbis p.143 (George Ticdemann/Hisiorical): Getty Images pp.47 (John Lund/Marc Romanelli/BIend Images). 60 (Bob Thomas/ Popperfoto). 70 (Andy Buchanaii/AIT). 72 (Kyu Oh/F.+). 131 (KidStock/Blend Images); Royalty-free pp.17 (Ricardo Junqueira). 32 (kangaroo/Photodisc). 32 (tiger/Photodisc). 80 (Tliinksiock). 154 (jainflohn Foxx); Science Photo Library p28 (Detlev van Ravenswaay); Sbutterstock pp. 19 (Victor Torres). 23 (Gail . Johnson). 32 (gorilla/Eric Issclee). (penguin/Ieksele). 34 (Nataiki). 44 (Josep Pena Llorens). 64 (doishock), 68 (Goodluz). 93 (Bigchen). 101 (Goodluz). 109(woman / humean?). \35\jatevv\\y ft.uwgf) Introduction Oxford Grammar for Schools helps students develop a At the end of the book there are five pages of extra detailed understanding of grammar form and use in information for the information gap activities, a context, and inspires them to have fun with English reference section containing useful form tables, and an through personalized activities, games and role play. irregular verb list. The grammar is introduced or revised through easy- Students can use the Oxford Grammar for Schools series to-read tables and illustrated presentations with clear in class with any coursebook to support and reinforce examples, all level-appropriate. The exercises build their grammar study. The Teacher's Book includes all from controlled activities up to more communicative the answers and audio scripts.There are also tests for and productive skills-based activities. In each unit there every Student's Book unit, and two review tests which are several speaking activities where students work can be used at the end of a school term or whenever with each other to use English with improved accuracy appropriate. and confidence.The extended writing activities also encourage students to use language in realistic Student's DVD-ROM situations. The Student's DVD-ROM includes all the exercises in Each unit begins with a 'Can do' statement, which the Student's Book, as well as all the audio recordings summarizes what students will be able to achieve on for the listening and pronunciation activities. Students completion of the unit. At the end of each unit isa self- can also access and print out extra interactive evaluation table. Students should be encouraged to activities, giving them motivating additional practice rate their progress in each exercise, which helps them for homework. The teacher can also use the DVD-ROM to take responsibility for their own learning and also on an interactive whiteboard in class. increases motivation. Key to the symbols O 0.0 (0.0 = track number) Listening activity Speaking activity Game / Extended writing activity © Pronunciation activity * Introductory exercise * Moderately challenging exercise * * Most challenging exercise * A difficulty rating is given to each exercise. The scale of difficulty is relative to each unit, so there are exercises with one, two, and three stars in every unit. Introduction 3 Contents 1 Nouns, quantities and articles Countable, uncountable and plural nouns 6 Quantities: a/an/some; container words Articles: the/a/an/no article 2 Some and any; indefinite Some/any/no; requests and offers 11 pronouns Indefinite pronouns: some-/any-/every-/no- 3 Quantifiers Much, many, a lot of, a few, a little 15 Too much, too many, (not) enough 4 Personal pronouns; impersonal Personal pronouns 20 there and it/they Impersonal it/they and there 5 Demonstratives and possessives Demonstrative pronouns: this/that/these/those; one/ones 24 Possessive adjectives; possessive pronouns; possessive's Revision 1 Units 1-5 27 6 Present simple and continuous Present simple and continuous contrast 30 7 Past simple Past simple: regular verbs 35 Past simple: be Past simple: irregular verbs Time expressions: in, last, yesterday, on, ago 8 Past continuous Past continuous: time expressions 41 Past continuous or past simple? When/while 9 Present perfect Present perfect: time expressions (unfinished); gone vs been 45 Present perfect with just, already, yet and still Present perfect with since and for 10 Present perfect and past simple Present perfect and past simple contrast 52 11 Past perfect Past perfect vs past simple; conjunctions when/by the time/ 57 before/after/the first time 12 The future Be going to + the infinitive 61 Will + the infinitive Shall...? Present continuous for future Will vs going to i Revision 2 Units 6-12 67 13 To + the infinitive and the -ing To + the infinitive 73 form -ing form: go + -ing; -ing as subject Verbs with to + the infinitive or -ing 14 Reported speech Tense changes 78 Pronoun changes Say vs tell Time and place references Revision 3 Units 13-14 82 15 Can, could, be able to Can, could, be able to: ability 84 Can and could: permissions and requests 16 Must, have to, should, needn't Must, have to: necessity and obligation 89 Mustn't, don't have to, needn't: permission and obligation Should, must: advice and recommendation 4 Contents Revision 4 Units 15-16 94 17 Question words What, when, where, who, why, how 96 What vs which Whose vs who's How + adjective/adverb Subject and object questions 18 Question tags Pronunciation and meaning: checking information; 103 helping conversation 19 Relative pronouns Who, which, that: subject and object relative pronouns 105 Relative clauses with when and where 20 Connectors And, but, or 110 Because, so, although When, while Revision 5 Units 17-20 114 21 Prepositions of place Zero conditional 116 First conditional - 22 Second conditional Second conditional 120 First vs second conditional . 23 I wish I wish + past simple 123 I wish + would Revision 6 Unit 21-23 125 24 Comparison: adjectives and Comparative and superlative adjectives 127 adverbs Not as ... as; less ... than Comparison of adverbs - 25 Position: adjectives and adverbs Position of adjectives 132 Position of adverbs Too and enough Revision 7 Units 24-25 138 26 Prepositions of time At, in, on 140 After, before, during, for By, from... until 27 Prepositions of place and In, at, on + place 144 movement Prepositions of place Prepositions of movement 28 Expressions with prepositions By, for, in, on, with 148 Revision 8 Units 26-28 151 29 Active and passive Active vs passive 153 Present simple passive By + agent 30 Past passive Past simple passive 156 Revision 9 Units 29-30 158 Revision 10 All units 160 Extra information 168 Reference 173 Irregular verb list 176 Contents 5 Nouns, quantities and articles I can use countable and uncountable nouns and articles. Countable, uncountable and plural nouns Spelling rules Most nouns: + -s pencil - pencils car - cars Nouns ending in -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x: -es glass - glasses box - boxes Nouns ending in-o: -s piano- pianos radio- radios There are two exceptions: potato - potatoes tomato - tomatoes Nouns ending in consonant + -y: y -» ies s tra wberry - s tra wberr es city - cities But nouns ending in vowel + -y: -s toy - toys day - days Nouns ending in -f or -fe: -> -ves leaf-leafes knife- knives Countable nouns have singular and plural forms. A few nouns have irregular plurals. one ruler two rulers man -» men fish -»fish one woman three women woman -» women mouse -> mice Uncountable nouns only have a singular form. We child -» children goose -» geese cannot count them. person people foot -» feet sheep sheep tooth teeth waters water moneys money O O Write the words in the correct place. %2 O 1.1 Circle the correct answer. Then listen and check. apple burger cheese coffee egg fruit grape oil orange pasta rice salt ÿ I like fast car/cars. sandwich toast vegetable water 1 Have you got any bread / breads? 2 I often eat grape/grapes for lunch. Countable Uncountable 3 Do you listen to music / musics in the car? 4 Tony doesn't enjoy exam / exams. fl-pple 5 They don't understand the homework / homeworks. 6 Have you got any information / informations about the museum? 7 I can't find my money / moneys. 8 Lucy bought some T-shirt /T-shirts for her holiday. 9 He arrived late because of the traffic / traffics. 10 I offered him some fruit/fruits. 6 Nouns, quantities and articles O 3 Write the plural form if the noun is countable. 01.2 What are they talking about? ÿbaby babies 7 petrol Listen and number from 1-8. ÿrice 8 person 9 advice 1 station 2 knife 10 tooth 11 education 3 rain 12 child 4 party - 13 journey 5 money 6 dress 14 electricity Quantities We use a or an with singular countable nouns. I'd like an orange. Have you got a phone? We use a before a consonant sound and an before a vowel sound. a computer a house a university (starts with /j/ consonant sound) an apple an island an hour (starts with /ao/ vowel sound) We don't usually use a or an with uncountable nouns. Ifd like & cheese. We use some with uncountable nouns and plural countable nouns. We've got some homework tonight . They need some books. If we want to count uncountable nouns, we sometimes use a word for a container (bottle, cup) or quantity (kilo, litre) with of. See page 173 for a list of words. 5 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. You can use words more than once. 6 Match the beginnings and ends of the sentences. ÿ Have you got a bag of d ? a an a cup a kilo some 1 Let's get her a box of ÿ I'd like to listen to zom music _. . 2 Check in the fridge. I don't think we've got any 1 My cousins live in_apartment. 2 Please put_butter on my sandwiches. 3 Can you get me an _ 3 Can you buy me_of cheese? 4 I need two packets of 4 Bill has got_old watch. 5 There isn't any _. 5 I'd like_water. 6 Mrs Jackson is_science teacher. a milk 7 Would you like_of tea? b biscuits 8 The police officer wants_information c chocolates about the accident. d-fleur 9 That's_long email. e oil 10 They need new equipment for the gym. f apple Unit 1 7 Articles: the, a/an or no article A/an The We use a/an when we talk about something and We use the when we talk about something and the we don't know which one, or it isn't important speaker and the listener know which one we are which one. talking about. I'd like a sandwich, please. Would you like the cheese or the chicken sandwich? What sort would you like? We've got cheese or chicken. Could I have the cheese sandwich, please? Have you got a laptop? (= any laptop. The speaker Did you bring the laptop? (=The speaker and the listener doesn't know which one.) both know which laptop they are talking about.) We use a/an when we talk about something for We use the when we talk about something for the first time. the second time. She's got a bicycle. The bicycle is blue. She's got a bicycle. The bicycle is blue. We also use a/an when we are talking about We also use the before ordinal numbers in dates, someone's job and when we mean 'one' especially when we are speaking. . He's an actor. She's a teacher. the third of January the tenth of May a hundred people an hour We use the when we talk about musical instruments. I play the piano. She plays the guitar. No article In some cases, we do not use a/an or the with a noun. We do not use articles with plural nouns or uncountable nouns in general, when we mean 'all' . Fruit is good for you. The fruit is good for you. Nurses work in hospitals. The nurses work in hospitals, Homework is important. We do not use articles with names of people, cities, most countries, streets, languages or school subjects. Emily lives in Australia. My school is on Oaktree Road. My school is on the Oaktree Road. I speak Russian. I speak the Russian She unders tands Arabic. I study maths. I study the maths. I enjoy physics. Complete the sentences to describe these jobs. architect doctor dentist farmer hairdresser mechanic waiter police officer shop assistant ÿ Doctors help sick people to get better. 1 repair cars and lorries. 2 cut people's hair. 3 grow food and look after animals. 4 catch criminals and protect people. 5 serve food and drinks in restaurants. 6 design houses and other buildings. 7 sell products in shops. 8 look after people's teeth. 8 Nouns, quantities and articles 8 ©O 1.3 Read the information, then listen and Sil Look at the picture below for one minute. O repeat the words. Cover the picture, then ask and answer questions about these things with A an and the are normally not stressed. , your partner. They have 'weak' vowel sounds. apple banana brown bag blue book a =/o/ a concert bottle of water cat computer guitar before a consonant sound a postcard jacket lamp red bag red pen phone purse television tennis racket white book an =/on/ an actor before a vowel sound an exam is there ciuv a-p-ple? yes, there is a ÿ Apple. the market the =/do/ The crpple is oia, the table. the radio before a consonant sound No, there isvÿft is there a baiÿiÿa? the university a baÿaÿa. the = /di/ the airport before a vowel sound the umbrella O ©O 1.4 Tick (ÿ) the correct sound. Listen and check. Then listen and repeat. ÿ new coat 5 -amazing gÿme - /o/ 0 /on/ ÿ /o/ O /on/ ÿ 1 _easy question 6 _important lo! ÿ /an/ ÿ point Ida/ ÿ /di/ ÿ 2 _first prize /do/ ÿ /di/ ÿ small problem /o/ O /on/ [J 3 _brilliant film /o/ ÿ /on/ ÿ 8 _usual song /6o/ O /di/ o 4 _old school /do/ ÿ /di/ ÿ 10 Circle the correct word. O ÿ 'I'd like a / the drink' 'Water or juice?' . «12 O 1.5 Number the sentences from 1 to 6. 1 There are some books and a magazine.' Then listen and check. 'Can I read a / the magazine?' 2 My dad is an / the engineer. On the desk is a computer and next 3 The fridge is in a / the kitchen. to it is a lamp. 4 'Can I borrow a / the pen?' 'Yes. Would you like blue or black?' There is a big bedroom and a small 5 'Is there a / the computer in your classroom?' bedroom. 'No, there isn't.' 6 'Can I have a / the banana?' 'Sorry.That banana c - The computer has a webcam. is for your dad.' 7 'I'm reading a new book.' 'What is a / the book d i My house has got two bedrooms. about?' 8 'Where is a / the car?' 'It's over there.' e _ I use the webcam when I talk to my 9 'How long is the journey?' 'An /The hour and cousin in Australia. fifteen minutes.' 10 I don't know an / the answer to this question. f _ The small bedroom belongs to me and it has got a small bed, a desk and a wardrobe. Unit 1 9

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Oxford University Press, 2014. — 176 p.A 5-level series with clear explanations and communicative activities to help young learners and teenagers understand and practise grammar.Grammar for Schools gives students the opportunity to explore grammar for themselves and encourages them to be aware of
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