Oxford Dictionary of National Biography - volume 29 Hutchins–Jennens

1018 Pages·2004·197.413 MB·English

by  Brian Harrison & H. C. G. Matthew

Oxford Dictionary of
National Biography
Volume 29
Oxford Dictionary of
National Biography
IN ASSOCIATION WITH
The British Academy
From the earliest times to the year 2000
Edited by
H. C. G. Matthew
and
Brian Harrison
Volume 29
Hutchins-Jennens
OXFORD
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OF ABBREVIATIONS
LIST
1 General abbreviations
AB bachelorofarts BCnL bachelorofcanonlaw
ABC AustralianBroadcastingCorporation BCom bachelorofcommerce
ABCTV ABCTelevision BD bachelorofdivinity
act. active BEd bachelorofeducation
A$ Australiandollar BEng bachelorofengineering
AD annodomini bkpi.bks book(s)
AFC AirForceCross BL bacheloroflaw letters literature
/ /
AIDS acquiredimmunedeficiencysyndrome BLitt bachelorofletters
AK Alaska BM bachelorofmedicine
AL Alabama BMus bachelorofmusic
Alevel advancedlevel[examination] BP beforepresent
ALS associateoftheLinneanSociety BP BritishPetroleum
AM masterofarts Bros. Brothers
AMICE associatememberoftheInstitutionofCivil BS (i)bachelorofscience;(2)bachelorofsurgery;
Engineers (3)Britishstandard
ANZAC AustralianandNewZealandArmyCorps BSc bachelorofscience
appxpi.appxs appendix(es) BSc(Econ.) bachelorofscience(economics)
AR Arkansas BSc(Eng.) bachelorofscience(engineering)
ARA associateoftheRoyalAcademy bt baronet
ARCA associateoftheRoyalCollegeofArt BTh bacheloroftheology
ARCM associateoftheRoyalCollegeofMusic bur. buried
ARCO associateoftheRoyalCollegeofOrganists C. command[identifierforpublished
ARIBA associateoftheRoyalInstituteofBritish parliamentarypapers]
Architects
ARP air-raidprecautions c. circa
ARRC associateoftheRoyalRedCross cC.A cCaapliitfuolrunmiapi.capitula:chapter(s)
ARSA associateoftheRoyalScottishAcademy
Cantab. Cantabrigiensis
aArSt.C AarrtimcyleS/eirtviecmeCorps cap. capitulumpi.capitula:chapter(s)
CB companionoftheBath
Asch AustrianSchilling CBE commanderoftheOrderoftheBritishEmpire
ASDIC AntisubmarineDetectionInvestigation
Committee CBS ColumbiaBroadcastingSystem
ATS AuxiliaryTerritorialService cc cubiccentimetres
ATV AssociatedTelevision C$ Canadiandollar
Aug August CD compactdisc
AZ Arizona Cd command[identifierforpublished
parliamentarypapers]
bB.A bbaocrhnelorofarts CE Common(orChristian)Era
BA(Admin.) bachelorofarts(administration) cent. century
BAFTA BritishAcademyofFilmandTelevisionArts cf compare
BAO bachelorofartsinobstetrics CH CompanionofFlonour
chap. chapter
hap. baptized
BBC BritishBroadcastingCorporation Company ChB bachelorofsurgery
/ Cl ImperialOrderoftheCrownofIndia
BC beforeChrist
BCE beforethecommon(orChristian)era CIA CentralIntelligenceAgency
BCE bachelorofcivilengineering CID CriminalInvestigationDepartment
BCG bacillusofCalmetteandGuerin[inoculation CIE companionoftheOrderoftheIndianEmpire
againsttuberculosis] Cie Compagnie
BCh bachelorofsurgery cut companionofliterature
BChir bachelorofsurgery CM masterofsurgery
BCl. bachelorofcivillaw cm centimetre(s)
GKNERAL ABBREVIATIONS VI
Ciml command|idcntifierforpublished edn edition
parliamentaiypapers] EEC EuropeanEconomicCommunity
CMC companionolIheOrderofStMichaeland EFTA EuropeanFreeTradeAssociation
SIGeorge EICS EastIndiaCompanyService
Cmnd command|identifierforpublished EMI ElectricalandMusicalIndustries(Ltd)
parliamentarypapers]
Eng. English
CO Colorado
enl. enlarged
Co. company ENSA EntertainmentsNationalServiceAssociation
CO. county
ep.pl.epp. epistola{e)
col.I’l.cols. column(s) ESP extra-sensoryperception
Corp. corporation
esp. especially
csi; certificateofsecondaryeducation
esq. esquire
CSI companionoftheOrderoftheStarofIndia
cr Connecticut est. estimate/estimated
EU EuropeanUnion
cvo commanderoftheRoyalVictorianOrder
cwt hundredweight ex soldby(lit.outof)
$ (American)dollar excl. excludes/excluding
exh. exhibited
<Di.BE (dia)mpeencnoym(mpeanncde)e;r(2o)fdtiheedOrderoftheBritish exh.cat. exhibitioncatalogue
Empire f.pi.ff. following(pages]
UCH diplomainchildhealth FA FootballAssociation
DCh doctorofsurgery FACP fellowoftheAmericanCollegeofPhysicians
DCI. doctorofcivillaw facs. facsimile
OCnI. doctorofcanonlaw FANY FirstAidNursingYeomanry
DCVO damecommanderoftheRoyalVictorianOrder FBA fellowoftheBritishAcademy
DD doctorofdivinity FBI FederationofBritishIndustries
DE Delaware FCS fellowoftheChemicalSociety
Dec December Feb February
clem. demolished FEng fellowoftheFellowshipofEngineering
DEng doctorofengineering FFCM fellowoftheFacultyofCommunityMedicine
des. destroyed FGS fellowoftheGeologicalSociety
DEC DistinguishedFlyingCross fig- figure
DipEd diplomaineducation FlMechE fellowoftheInstitutionofMechanical
DipPsych diplomainpsychiatry Engineers
diss. dissertation FL Florida
DI. deputylieutenant fl- floruit
DLitt doctorofletters FLS fellowoftheLinneanSociety
DLittCelt doctorofCelticletters FM frequencymodulation
DM (1)Deutschmark;(2)doctorofmedicine; fol.pi.fols. folio(s)
(3)doctorofmusicalarts Fr Frenchfrancs
DMus doctorofmusic Fr. French
DNA dioxyribonucleicacid FRAeS fellowoftheRoyalAeronauticalSociety
doc. document FRAl fellowoftheRoyalAnthropologicalInstitute
DOL doctoroforientallearning FRAM fellowoftheRoyalAcademyofMusic
DPH diplomainpublichealth FRAS (1)fellowoftheRoyalAsiaticSociety;(2)fellow
DPhil doctorofphilosophy oftheRoyalAstronomicalSociety
DPM diplomainpsychologicalmedicine FRCM fellowoftheRoyalCollegeofMusic
DSC DistinguishedServiceCross FRCO fellowoftheRoyalCollegeofOrganists
DSc doctorofscience FRCOG fellowoftheRoyalCollegeofObstetriciansand
DSc(Econ.l doctorofscience(economics) Gynaecologists
DSc(Eng.) doctorofscience(engineering) FRCP(C) fellowoftheRoyalCollegeofPhysiciansof
DSM DistinguishedServiceMedal Canada
DSO companionoftheDistinguishedServiceOrder FRCP(Edin.) fEedlilnobwuorfgthheRoyalCollegeofPhysiciansof
DSocSc doctorofsocialscience FRCP(Lond.) fellowoftheRoyalCollegeofPhysiciansof
DTech doctoroftechnology London
DTh doctoroftheology FRCPath fellowoftheRoyalCollegeofPathologists
DTM diplomaintropicalmedicine FRCPsych fellowoftheRoyalCollegeofPsychiatrists
DTMH diplomaintropicalmedicineandhygiene FRCS fellowoftheRoyalCollegeofSurgeons
DU doctoroftheuniversity ERGS fellowoftheRoyalGeographicalSociety
DUniv doctoroftheuniversity FRIBA fellowoftheRoyalInstituteofBritishArchitects
dwt pennyweight
FRICS fellowoftheRoyalInstituteofChartered
EC EuropeanCommunity Surveyors
ed.pi.eds. edited/editedby/editor(s) FRS fellowoftheRoyalSociety
Edin. Edinburgh FRSA fellowoftheRoyalSocietyofArts
vii GENERAL ABBREVIATIONS
FRSCM fellowoftheRoyalSchoolofChurchMusic ISO companionoftheImperialServiceOrder
FRSE fellowoftheRoyalSocietyofEdinburgh It. Italian
FRSL fellowoftheRoyalSocietyofLiterature ITA IndependentTelevisionAuthority
FSA fellowoftheSocietyofAntiquaries ITV IndependentTelevision
ft footpi.feet jan January
FTCL fellowofTrinityCollegeofMusic.London JP justiceofthepeace
ft-lbpermin. foot-poundsperminute|unitofhorsepower] jun. junior
FZS fellowoftheZoologicalSociety KB knightoftheOrderoftheBath
GA Georgia KBE knightcommanderoftheOrderoftheBritish
GBE knightordamegrandcrossoftheOrderofthe Empire
BritishEmpire KC king’scounsel
GCB knightgrandcrossoftheOrderoftheBath kcal kilocalorie
GCE generalcertificateofeducation KCB knightcommanderoftheOrderoftheBath
GCH knightgrandcrossoftheRoyalGuelphicOrder KCH knightcommanderoftheRoyalGuelphicOrder
GCHQ, governmentcommunicationsheadquarters KCIE knightcommanderoftheOrderoftheIndian
GCIE knightgrandcommanderoftheOrderofthe Empire
IndianEmpire KCMG knightcommanderoftheOrderofStMichael
GCMG knightordamegrandcrossoftheOrderofSt andStGeorge
MichaelandStGeorge KCSI knightcommanderoftheOrderoftheStarof
GCSE generalcertificateofsecondaryeducation India
GCSI knightgrandcommanderoftheOrderofthe KCVO knightcommanderoftheRoyalVictorianOrder
StarofIndia keV kilo-electron-volt
GCStJ bailiffordamegrandcrossoftheorderofSt KG knightoftheOrderoftheGarter
Johnofjerusalem KGB [Sovietcommitteeofstatesecurity]
GCVO knightordamegrandcrossoftheRoyal KH knightoftheRoyalGuelphicOrder
VictorianOrder laM KoninklijkeLuchtvaartMaatschappij(Royal
GEC GeneralElectricCompany DutchAirLines)
Ger. German km kilometre(s)
GI government(orgeneral)issue KP knightoftheOrderofStPatrick
GMT Greenwichmeantime KS Kansas
GP generalpractitioner KT knightoftheOrderoftheThistle
GPU (Sovietspecialpoliceunit] kt knight
GSO generalstaffofficer KY Kentucky
Fleb. Hebrew £ pound(s)sterling
HEICS HonourableEastIndiaCompanyService £E Egyptianpound
HI Hawaii
L lirapi.lire
HHIKV$ hHounmganKoinmgmudnololdaerficiencyvirus 1L.Api11. lLionues(si)ana
HM his/hermajesty!'s) LAA lightanti-aircraft
HMAS his/hermajesty’sAustralianship LAH licentiateoftheApothecaries’Hall.Dublin
HMNZS his/hermajesty’sNewZealandship Lat. Latin
HMS his/hermajesty’sship lb pound(s).unitofweight
HMSO His/HerMajesty’sStationeryOffice LDS licenceindentalsurgery
HMV HisMaster’sVoice
lit. literally
Hon. Honourable
LittB bachelorofletters
hp horsepower
LittD doctorofletters
hr hour(s) LKQCPI licentiateoftheKingandQueen’sCollegeof
HRH his/herroyalhighness Physicians.Ireland
HTV HarlechTelevision LLA ladyliterateinarts
lA Iowa LLB bacheloroflaws
ibid. ibidem:inthesameplace LLD doctoroflaws
ICI ImperialChemicalIndustries(Ltd) LLM masteroflaws
ID Idaho LM licentiateinmidwifery
IL Illinois LP long-playingrecord
illus. illustration LRAM licentiateoftheRoyalAcademyofMusic
illustr. illustrated LRCP licentiateoftheRoyalCollegeofPhysicians
IN Indiana LRCPS(Glasgow) licentiateoftheRoyalCollegeofPhysiciansand
in. inch(es) SurgeonsofGlasgow
Inc. Incorporated LRCS licentiateoftheRoyalCollegeofSurgeons
ind. includes including LSA licentiateoftheSocietyofApothecaries
/
lOU Ioweyou LSD lysergicaciddiethylamide
IQ intelligencequotient LVO lieutenantoftheRoyalVictorianOrder
Ire Irishpound M.pl.MM. Monsieurpi.Messieurs
IRA IrishRepublicanArmy m metre(s)
GENERAL ABBREVIATIONS viii
m.pi nun. membranc(s) ND NorthDakota
MA (1)Massachusetts;(2)masterofarts n.d. nodate
MAI masterofengineering NE Nebraska
MB bachelorofmedicine ncm.con. neminecontradicente:unanimously
MBA masterofbusinessadministration newser. newseries
MBK memberoftheOrderoftheBritishEmpire NH NewHampshire
MC MilitaryCross NHS NationalHealthService
MCC MaryleboneCricketClub NJ NewJersey
MCh masterofsurgery NKVD [Sovietpeople'scommissariatforinternal
MChir masterofsurgery affairs]
MCom masterofcommerce NM NewMexico
nm nanometre(s)
MI) (1)doctorofmedicine;(2)Maryland
MDMA methylenedioxymethamphetamine no.pl.nos. number(s)
Nov November
ME Maine
MEd masterofeducation n.p. noplace[ofpublication]
MEng masterofengineering NS newstyle
NV Nevada
MEI> memberoftheEuropeanparliament
MG MorrisGarages NY NewYork
MGM Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer NZBS NewZealandBroadcastingService
Mgr Monsignor OBE officeroftheOrderoftheBritishEmpire
MMIhc ([1s)eMcriecthiingtaenl;li(g2)enmcielidteaprayritnmteenltli]gence oObcitt. oObcittoubaerry
OCTU officercadetstrainingunit
MI5 [militaryintelligencedepartment]
OECD OrganizationforEconomicCo-operationand
MI6 [secretintelligencedepartment] Development
MI9 [secretescapeservice] OEEC OrganizationforEuropeanEconomicCo-
MICE memberoftheInstitutionofCivilEngineers operation
MIEE memberoftheInstitutionofElectrical OEM orderofFriarsMinor[Franciscans]
Engineers OFMCap OrdineFratiMinoriCappucini;memberofthe
min. minutefs) Capuchinorder
Mk mark OH Ohio
ML (1)licentiateofmedicine;(2)masteroflaws OK Oklahoma
MLitt masterofletters 0level ordinarylevel[examination]
Mile Mademoiselle OM OrderofMerit
mm
millimetre(s) OP orderofPreachers[Dominicans]
Mme Madame op.pl.opp. opuspi.opera
MN Minnesota OPEC OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries
MO Missouri OR Oregon
MOH medicalofficerofhealth orig. original
MP memberofparliament OS oldstyle
m.p.h. milesperhour OSB OrderofStBenedict
MPhil masterofphilosophy OTC Officers’TrainingCorps
MRCP memberoftheRoyalCollegeofPhysicians OWS OldWatercolourSociety
MRCS memberoftheRoyalCollegeofSurgeons Oxon. Oxoniensis
MRCVS memberoftheRoyalCollegeofVeterinary p.pi.pp. page(s)
Surgeons PA Pennsylvania
MRIA memberoftheRoyalIrishAcademy p.a. perannum
MS (1)masterofscience;(2)Mississippi para. paragraph
MSpi.MSS manuscript(s) PAYE payasyouearn
MSc masterofscience pbkpl.pbks paperback(s)
MSc(Econ.) masterofscience(economics) per. [duringthe]period
MT Montana PhD doctorofphilosophy
MusB bachelorofmusic pi. (1)plate(s);(2)plural
MusBac bachelorofmusic priv.coll. privatecollection
MusD doctorofmusic ptpi.pts part(s)
MV motorvessel pubd published
MVO memberoftheRoyalVictorianOrder PVC polyvinylchloride
n.pi.nn. note(s) q.pi.qq. (1)question(s);(2)quire(s)
NAAFI Navy.Army,andAirForceInstitutes Q.C queen’scounsel
NASA NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration R rand
NATO NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization R. Rex Regina
NBC NationalBroadcastingCorporation r recto/
NNCCO Nnoornt-hcoCmamrioslisniaonedofficer rR.A rReoiyganleAdc/arduelemdy RoyalAcademician
/
GENERAL ABBREVIATIONS
ix
RAC RoyalAutomobileClub Skr Swedishkrona
RAF RoyalAirForce Span. Spanish
RAFVR RoyalAirForceVolunteerReserve SPCK SocietyforPromotingChristianKnowledge
RAM [memberofthe]RoyalAcademyofMusic SS (1)Santissimi;(2)Schutzstaffel;(3)steamship
RAMC RoyalArmyMedicalCorps STB bacheloroftheology
RCA RoyalCollegeofArt STD doctoroftheology
RCNC RoyalCorpsofNavalConstructors STM masteroftheology
RCOG RoyalCollegeofObstetriciansand STP doctoroftheology
Gynaecologists supp. supposedly
RDI royaldesignerforindustry suppl.pi.suppls. supplement(s)
RreEpr.pi.reprs. RreopyrailntE(ns)gi/nreeeprrsinted sS.Yv. ssutbevaemrbyoa/cshutbvoce:undertheword/heading
repro. reproduced TA TerritorialArmy
rev. revised/revisedby/reviser/revision TASS [Sovietnewsagency]
Revd Reverend
RR1HA WR(1ao)tyReahrlo-HdCioebleIorsulnraisnadn;A(2c)aRdoyeamlyInstituteofPaintersin TTBD t((12u))btteeerarccruhilttaooirsiidasdll(adliet(.cmtouerbmaetbriecolrneobfatcihleluDsai)l);
TN Tennessee
RIBA RoyalInstituteofBritishArchitects TNT trinitrotoluene
RIN RoyalIndianNavy
RM Reichsmark trans. translated/translatedby/translation/
translator
RMS RoyalMailsteamer TT touristtrophy
RN RoyalNavy TUC TradesUnionCongress
RNA ribonucleicacid TX Texas
RNAS RoyalNavalAirService
U-boat Unterseeboot:submarine
RNR RoyalNavalReserve Ufa Universum-FilmAG
RNVR RoyalNavalVolunteerReserve
UMIST UniversityofManchesterInstituteofScience
RO RecordOffice andTechnology
r.p.m. revolutionsperminute UN UnitedNations
RRS royalresearchship UNESCO UnitedNationsEducational,Scientific,and
Rs rupees CulturalOrganization
RSA (1)RoyalScottishAcademician;{2)RoyalSociety UNICEF UnitedNationsInternationalChildren’s
ofArts EmergencyFund
RSPCA RoyalSocietyforthePreventionofCrueltyto unpubd unpublished
Animals
USS UnitedStatesship
RtHon. RightHonourable UT Utah
RtRevd RightReverend
V verso
RUC RoyalUlsterConstabulary
V. versus
Russ. Russian VA Virginia
RWS RoyalWatercolourSociety VAD VoluntaryAidDetachment
S4C SianelPedwarCymru VC VictoriaCross
s. shilling(s) VE-day victoryinEuropeday
s.a. subanno:undertheyear Ven. Venerable
SABC SouthAfricanBroadcastingCorporation
VJ-day victoryoverjapanday
SAS SpecialAirService
SC SouthCarolina vol.pi.vols. volume(s)
VT Vermont
ScD doctorofscience WA Washington[state]
S$ Singaporedollar WAAC Women’sAuxiliaryArmyCorps
SD SouthDakota
WAAF Women’sAuxiliaryAirForce
sec. second(s) WEA Workers’EducationalAssociation
sel. selected WHO WorldHealthOrganization
sen. senior W
Sept September 1 Wisconsin
WRAF Women’sRoyalAirForce
set. series
SSIHDARPOE sSoucpireetemeInhteeardnqautaiorntaelresda'lElineedrgpioeweHrysd,roE-urope WWRVNS WWeosmtenVi’rsgiRnoiyaalNavalService
Electrique WVS Women’sVoluntaryService
WY Wyoming
sig.pl.sigs. signature(s)
sing. singular ¥ yen
SIS SecretIntelligenceService YMCA YoungMen’sChristianAssociation
SJ SocietyofJesus YWCA YoungWomen’sChristianAssociation
INSTITUTION ABHRl-VIATIONS
2 Institution abbreviations
AllSoulsOxf. AllSoulsCollege,Oxford Garr.Club GarrickClub,London
AM0x1. AshmoleanMuseum.Oxford GiitonCam, GirtonCollege,Cambridge
liiilliol0x1. BalliolCollege.Oxford Gl. GuildhallLibrary,London
I!BC:WAC BBCWrittenArchivesCentre.Reading Glos.RO GloucestershireRecordOffice,Gloucester
Hods.&LutonARS BedfordshireandLutonArchivesandRecord Gon.&CainsCam. GonvilleandCaiusCollege,Cambridge
Service,Bedford Gov.ArtColl. GovernmentArtCollection
Berks.RO BerkshireRecordOffice.Reading GSLond. GeologicalSocietyofLondon
Bl'l BritishEilniInstitute.London Hants.RO HampshireRecordOffice,Winchester
BI-INITVA BritishEilniInstitute,London,NationalEilm HarrisMan.Oxf HarrisManchesterCollege,Oxford
andTelevisionArchive HarvardTC HarvardTheatreCollection,Harvard
BGS BritishGeologicalSurvey,Keyworth, University,Cambridge,Massachusetts,Nathan
Nottingham MarshPuseyLibrary
Birm.CA BirminghamCentralLibrary,BirminghamCity HarvardU. HarvardUniversity,Cambridge,Massachusetts
Archives HarvardU., HarvardUniversity,Cambridge,
Birm.Cl. BirminghamCentrall.ibraiy HoughtonL. Massachusetts,HoughtonLibrary
HI. BritishLibraiy.London Herefs.RO HerefordshireRecordOffice,Hereford
BI.NSA BritishLibraiy.London,NationalSound Herts.ALS HertfordshireArchivesandLocalStudies,
Archive Hertford
BI.OIOC BritishLibraiy.London,OrientalandIndia Hist.Soc.Penn. HistoricalSocietyofPennsylvania,
OfficeCollections Philadelphia
BLPKS LondonSchoolofEconomicsandPolitical HLRO HouseofLordsRecordOffice,London
Science,BritishLibraiyofPoliticaland Hult.Arch. HultonArchive,LondonandNewYork
EconomicScience Hunt.L. HuntingtonLibrary,SanMarino,California
BM BritishMuseum.London ICL ImperialCollege,London
Bodl.Oxf. BodleianLibraiy,Oxford Inst.CE InstitutionofCivilEngineers,London
Bodl.Rll BodleianLibraiyofCommonwealthand Inst.EE InstitutionofElectricalEngineers,London
AfricanStudiesatRhodesHouse,Oxford rwM ImperialWarMuseum,London
Borth.Inst. BorthwickInstituteofHistoricalResearch, fWMFVA ImperialWarMuseum,London,Filmand
UniversityofYork
VideoArchive
BostonPL BostonPublicLibrary,Massachusetts IWMSA ImperialWarMuseum,London,Sound
BristolRO BristolRecordOffice Archive
Bucks.RLSS BuckinghamshireRecordsandLocalStudies JRL JohnRylandsUniversityLibraryofManchester
Service.Aylesbury King'sACCam. King'sCollegeArchivesCentre,Cambridge
CACCam. ChurchillCollege,Cambridge,Churchill King’sCam. King'sCollege,Cambridge
ArchivesCentre
King'sLond. King’sCollege,London
Cambs.AS CambridgeshireArchiveService
CCCCam. CorpusChristiCollege,Cambridge King'sLond., King’sCollege,London,LiddellHartCentre
CCdhiCreACisLs.SOtS&xCfhChuersctherOxf CCSChthorueridspsihuteissrCCehSheuarrrinvcsidhtci.CehCOeoxlsfltoeergred,ArOcxhfiovredsandLocal LLL.eainCLcciossd.n.dgRe.RlOlOHartC. fLLLoeairibncrcMeaaisrsltyhietiroarsfrheCyioRrAneerg,ccroLhereisidvsce,eOssfWtfeaircs,eh,aiPnnrgdetsRotunot,nlaDnCdRecord
Office,Leicester
Christies Christies.London Lines.Arch. LincolnshireArchives,Lincoln
CityWestm.AC CityofWestminsterArchivesCentre,London Linn.Soc. LinneanSocietyofLondon
CKS CentreforKentishStudies,Maidstone LMA LondonMetropolitanArchives
CLRO CorporationofLondonRecordsOffice LPL LambethPalace,London
Coll.Arms CollegeofArms,London LpoolRO LiverpoolRecordOfficeandLocalStudies
Col.U. ColumbiaUniversity,NewYork Service
CornwallRO CornwallRecordOffice,Truro LUL LondonUniversityLibrary
CourtauldInst. CourtauldInstituteofArt,London Magd.Cam. MagdaleneCollege,Cambridge
CUL CambridgeUniversityLibrary Magd,Oxf. MagdalenCollege,Oxford
CumbriaAS CumbriaArchiveSeiwice Man.CityGall. ManchesterCityGalleries
Derbys.RO DerbyshireRecordOffice,Matlock Man.CL ManchesterCentralLibrary
DevonRO DevonRecordOffice.Exeter Mass.HistSoc. MassachusettsHistoricalSociety,Boston
DorsetRO DorsetRecordOffice,Dorchester MertonOxf MertonCollege,Oxford
DukeU. DukeUniversity.Durham,NorthCarolina MHSOxf MuseumoftheHistoryofScience,Oxford
DukeU.,PerkinsL. DukeUniversity.Durham,NorthCarolina, MitchellL,Glas. MitchellLibrary,Glasgow
DurhamCath.CL WDiulrlhiaammRC.atPheerdkrianls,Lcihbarpartyerlibrary MitchellL.,NSW SMtiattceheLlilbrLairbyraorfyNewSouthWales,Sydney,
DDuWrLhamRO DDrurWihlalmiaRmesc’osrLdibOrfafriyc,eLondon NMoArCgaannaLd.a PNaiteiropnoanltAMrocrhgiavensLoibfrCaaryn,adNae,wOYtotrakwa
EssexRO EssexRecordOffice NAIre. NationalArchivesofIreland,Dublin
E.SussexRO EastSussexRecordOffice,Lewes NAM NationalArmyMuseum,London
Eton EtonCollege,Berkshire NAScot. NationalArchivesofScotland,Edinburgh
EMCam. FitzwilliamMuseum,Cambridge NewsInt.RO NewsInternationalRecordOffice,London
Folger FolgerShakespeareLibrary,Washington,DC NGIre. NationalGalleryofIreland,Dublin
INSTITUTION ABBREVIATIONS
XI
NGScot. NationalGalleryofScotland,Edinburgh SuffolkRO SuffolkRecordOffice
NHM NaturalHistoryMuseum,London SurreyHC SurreyHistoryCentre,Woking
NLAus. NationalLibraryofAustralia,Canberra TCD TrinityCollege,Dublin
NLIre. NationalLibraryofIreland,Dublin TrinityCam. TrinityCollege,Cambridge
NLNZ NationalLibraryofNewZealand,Wellington U.Aberdeen UniversityofAberdeen
NLNZ,TurnbullL. NationalLibraryofNewZealand,Wellington, U.Birm. UniversityofBirmingham
AlexanderTurnbullLibrary U.Birm.L. UniversityofBirminghamLibrary
NLScot. NationalLibraryofScotland.Edinburgh U.Cal. UniversityofCalifornia
NLWales NationalLibraryofWales,Aberystwyth U.Cam. UniversityofCambridge
NMGWales NationalMuseumandGalleryofWales,Cardiff UCL UniversityCollege,London
NMM NationalMaritimeMuseum,London U.Durham UniversityofDurham
NorfolkRO NorfolkRecordOffice.Norwich U.DurhamL. UniversityofDurhamLibrary
Northants.RO NorthamptonshireRecordOffice, U.Edin. UniversityofEdinburgh
Northampton U.Edin.,NewColl. UniversityofEdinburgh,NewCollege
NorthumbdRO NorthumberlandRecordOffice U.Edin.,New UniversityofEdinburgh,NewCollegeLibrary
Notts.Arch. NottinghamshireArchives,Nottingham Coll.L.
NPG NationalPortraitGallery,London U.Edin.L. UniversityofEdinburghLibrary
NRA NationalArchives,London.Historical U.Glas. UniversityofGlasgow
ManuscriptsCommission,NationalRegisterof U.Glas.L. UniversityofGlasgowLibrary
Archives U.Hull UniversityofHull
NuffieldOxf. NuffieldCollege,Oxford U.Hull,Brynmor UniversityofHull,BrynmorJonesLibrary
N.Yorks.CRO NorthYorkshireCountyRecordOffice, JonesL.
Northallerton U.Leeds UniversityofLeeds
NYPL NewYorkPublicLibrary U.Leeds, UniversityofLeeds,BrothertonLibrary
Oxf.UA OxfordUniversityArchives BrothertonL.
OxfU.Mus.NH OxfordUniversityMuseumofNaturalHistory U.Lond. UniversityofLondon
Oxon.RO OxfordshireRecordOffice,Oxford U.Lpool UniversityofLiverpool
PembrokeCam. PembrokeCollege,Cambridge U.LpoolL. UniversityofLiverpoolLibrary
PRO NationalArchives,London,PublicRecord U.Mich. UniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor
Office U.Mich.. UniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor.WilliamL.
PRONIre. PublicRecordOfficeforNorthernIreland, ClementsL. ClementsLibrary
Belfast U.Newcastle UniversityofNewcastleuponTyne
PuseyOxf PuseyHouse,Oxford U.Newcastle, UniversityofNewcastleuponTyne,
RA RoyalAcademyofArts,London RobinsonL. RobinsonLibrary
RansomHRC HarryRansomHumanitiesResearchCenter, U.Nott. UniversityofNottingham
RAS URnoiyvaelrAssittyroonfoTmeixcaas,lASuocsiteitny,London UU..NOoxtft..L. UUnniivveerrssiittyyooffONxoftotridnghamLibrary
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