Oxford Desk Reference: Nephrology PDF
Preview Oxford Desk Reference: Nephrology
OXFORD DESK REFERENCE NEPHROLOGY SECOND EDITION Edited by Jonathan Barratt | Peter Topham | Sue Carr Mustafa Arid | Adrian Liew O X F O R D D E S K R E F E R E N C E OXFORD MEDICAL PUBLICATIONS Oxford Desk Reference Nephrology ii Oxford Desk Reference: Acute Medicine Oxford Desk Reference: Major Trauma Edited by Richard Leach, Derek Bell, and Kevin Moore Edited by Jason Smith, Ian Greaves, and Keith Porter Oxford Desk Reference: Cardiology Oxford Desk Reference: Obstetrics and Edited by Hung- Fat Tse, Gregory Y. Lip, and Gynaecology Andrew J. Stewart Coats Edited by Sabaratnam Arulkumaran, Lesley Regan, Aris Papageorghiou, Ash Monga, and David Farquharson Oxford Desk Reference: Clinical Genetics, Second Edition Oxford Desk Reference: Oncology Helen V. Firth and Jane A. Hurst Edited by Thankamma V. Ajithkumar, Ann Barrett, Helen Hatcher, and Natalie Cook Oxford Desk Reference: Critical Care, Second Edition Oxford Desk Reference: Respiratory Medicine Edited by Carl Waldmann, Andrew Rhodes, Edited by Nick Maskell and Ann Millar Neil Soni, and Jonathan Handy Oxford Desk Reference: Rheumatology Oxford Desk Reference: Endocrinology Edited by Richard Watts, Gavin Clunie, Frances Hall, and Edited by Helen E. Turner, Richard Eastell, and Tarnya Marshall Ashley Grossman Oxford Desk Reference: Toxicology Oxford Desk Reference: Geriatric Medicine Edited by Nicholas Bateman, Robert Jefferson, Edited by Margot Gosney, Adam Harper, and Simon Thomas, John Thompson, and Allister Vale Simon Conroy Oxford Desk Reference Nephrology Second Edition Edited by Jonathan Barratt Professor and Honorary Consultant Nephrologist, John Walls Renal Unit, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester Peter Topham Consultant Nephrologist and Honorary Senior Lecturer, John Walls Renal Unit, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester Sue Carr Consultant Nephrologist and Honorary Professor of Medical Education University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester Mustafa Arici Professor of Medicine, Department of Nephrology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey Adrian Liew Senior Consultant and Director, The Kidney and Transplant Practice, Mount Elizabeth Novena Hospital, Singapore 1 iv 1 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Oxford University Press 202 2020 The moral rights of the authors have been asserted First Edition Published in 2008 Second Edition Published in 202 Impression: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 98 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 006, United States of America British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Control Number: 202933373 ISBN 978– 0– 9– 87778– 2 DOI: 0.093/ med/ 97809877782.00.000 Printed and bound by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY Oxford University Press makes no representation, express or implied, that the drug dosages in this book are correct. Readers must therefore always check the product information and clinical procedures with the most up-t o- date published product information and data sheets provided by the manufacturers and the most recent codes of conduct and safety regulations. The authors and the publishers do not accept responsibility or legal liability for any errors in the text or for the misuse or misapplication of material in this work. Except where otherwise stated, drug dosages and recommendations are for the non-p regnant adult who is not breast- feeding Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work. v Preface All clinicians will encounter patients with kidney disease in their routine clinical prac- tice. Care of the patient with kidney disease is increasingly multidisciplinary and multiprofessional. This Oxford Desk Reference (ODR) is written for clinicians who need easy to access information on the diagnosis, investigation, and treatment of patients with kidney disease. The ODR is presented in a way that is easy to read and digest, but detailed enough to allow an in depth understanding of the complex mix of meta- bolic, immunological, and genetic causes of both acute and chronic kidney disease. The kidneys are rarely affected by disease in isolation and we comprehensively cover the multisystem disorders that require a multidisciplinary approach. In parallel, it extensively describes the myriad multi- system complications of progressive chronic kidney disease, with practical advice on how these should be investigated and managed. As specialists in adult nephrology, we recognize the importance of understanding the evolution of kidney disease in children and young adults. We also acknowledge that in many parts of the world there is no distinction between adult and paediatric nephrology; therefore, it is important that all nephrologists have a sound grasp of both paediatric and adult kidney diseases. The number of patients with advanced kidney disease who are treated with a kidney transplant or who receive dialysis is increasing in all parts of the world. All doctors will encounter patients on dialysis or who have a kidney transplant; thus, we dis- cuss these treatments and the commonly encountered medical problems such patients experience in a way that is both accessible to the non-n ephrologist and comprehensive for the specialist. Welcome to the world of nephrology. vii Acknowledgements The editors thank their families, all of the authors, and Oxford University Press for their help and support during the preparation of this second edition. It is a pleasure and privilege to care for patients with kidney disease, many of whom have helped shape the physicians we have become over our careers. Kidney disease is multifaceted, complex, and impacts on every other organ system of the body. We hope this book delivers an easily accessible entry into the fascinating world of the nephrology. ix Brief contents Detailed contents xi Contributors xv Abbreviations xxiii General considerations in patients with renal disease 1 2 Hypertension 43 3 Fluid and electrolyte disorders 62 4 Glomerular disease 104 5 Tubular and interstitial disease 140 6 The kidney in systemic disease 185 7 Diabetes and the kidney 285 8 Infection and the kidney 298 9 Inherited renal disease 339 0 Pregnancy and the kidney 402 The child with kidney disease 433 2 Acute kidney injury (AKI) 490 3 Chronic kidney disease (CKD) 526 4 Management of advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) 608 x x BRIEF CONTENTS 5 Renal transplantation 689 6 Urological aspects of renal disease 741 Appendices 775 Index 789 xi Detailed contents Contributors xv Abbreviations xxiii General considerations in 5 Tubular and interstitial patients with renal disease disease 40 . History and clinical examination of 5. Epidemiology of tubular and interstitial patients with kidney disease 2 disease around the world 4 .2 Urinalysis and microscopy 9 5.2 Clinical presentation of tubular and .3 Clinical assessment of renal function 4 interstitial disease 42 .4 Immunological investigation of renal 5.3 Isolated defects of tubular disease 8 function 46 .5 Imaging in renal disease 2 5.4 Fanconi syndrome 50 .6 Kidney biopsy 32 5.5 Renal tubular acidosis 54 .7 Prescribing in patients with kidney 5.6 Hypokalaemic tubular disorders 59 disease 36 5.7 Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus 65 5.8 Allergic interstitial nephritis 69 2 Hypertension 43 5.9 Analgesic nephropathy 7 2. Clinical approach to hypertension 44 5.0 Uric acid and kidney 74 2.2 Renovascular disease 49 5. Nephrotoxic metals 77 2.3 Malignant hypertension 58 5.2 Balkan nephropathy 80 5.3 Aristolochic acid nephropathy and 3 Fluid and electrolyte other rare causes of chronic interstitial nephritis 83 disorders 62 3. Hypo- / hypernatraemia: disorders of 6 The kidney in systemic water balance 63 disease 85 3.2 Hypo- / hyperkalaemia 70 3.3 Hypo- / hypercalcaemia 76 6. Oncology drugs and the kidney 86 3.4 Hypo- / hyperphosphataemia 80 6.2 Electrolyte abnormalities and the 3.5 Hypo- / hypermagnesaemia 84 cancer patient 90 3.6 Clinical acid– base disorders 88 6.3 Tumour lysis syndrome 94 3.7 Clinical use of diuretics 99 6.4 AKI and membranous nephropathy in malignancy 97 4 Glomerular disease 04 6.5 Drug- induced renal disease 200 4. Epidemiology of glomerular diseases 6.6 Amyloid and immunotactoid around the world 05 glomerulopathy 23 4.2 Clinical presentation of glomerular 6.7 Plasma cell dyscrasias 220 disease 08 6.8 Cryoglobulinaemia 225 4.3 Minimal change disease 2 6.9 Sarcoidosis 228 4.4 Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 7 6.0 Haemolytic uremic syndrome and 4.5 Membranous nephropathy 22 thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 230 4.6 Immunoglobulin A nephropathy and IgA vasculitis 28 6. Anti-g lomerular basement antibody (Goodpasture’s) disease 235 4.7 Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis 34 6.2 Systemic vasculitis 239 4.8 Acute endocapillary glomerulonephritis/ 6.3 Systemic lupus erythematosus 250 poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis 37 6.4 Scleroderma/ systemic sclerosis 256
The list of books you might like
