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Oxford American Handbook of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (Oxford American Handbooks) PDF

482 Pages·2010·3.71 MB·English
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Oxford American Handbook of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Published and Forthcoming Oxford American Handbooks Oxford American Handbook of Clinical Medicine Oxford American Handbook of Anesthesiology Oxford American Handbook of Clinical Dentistry Oxford American Handbook of Clinical Diagnosis Oxford American Handbook of Clinical Pharmacy Oxford American Handbook of Critical Care Oxford American Handbook of Emergency Medicine Oxford American Handbook of Geriatric Medicine Oxford American Handbook of Nephrology and Hypertension Oxford American Handbook of Obstetrics and Gynecology Oxford American Handbook of Oncology Oxford American Handbook of Otolaryngology Oxford American Handbook of Pediatrics Oxford American Handbook of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Oxford American Handbook of Psychiatry Oxford American Handbook of Pulmonary Medicine Oxford American Handbook of Rheumatology Oxford American Handbook of Surgery Oxford American Handbook of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Edited by Lyn D. Weiss Jay M. Weiss Thomas Pobre 1 3 Oxford University Press, Inc. publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offi ces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Published by Oxford University Press Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press First published 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press, Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Oxford American handbook of physical medicine and rehabilitation / edited by Lyn D. Weiss, Jay M. Weiss, Thomas Pobre. p. ; cm.—(Oxford American handbooks) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978–0–19–536777–5 (fl exicover : alk. paper) 1. Medicine, Physical—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Medical rehabilitation— Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Weiss, Lyn D. II. Weiss, Jay, MD. III. Pobre, Thomas. IV. Series: Oxford American handbooks. [DNLM: 1. Physical Medicine—methods—Handbooks. 2. Rehabilitation—methods— Handbooks. WB 39 O9785 2010] RM701.6.O94 2010 617’.03—dc22 2009021103 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in China on acid-free paper This material is not intended to be, and should not be considered, a substitute for medical or other professional advice. Treatment for the conditions described in this material is highly dependent on the indi- vidual circumstances. And, while this material is designed to offer accurate information with respect to the subject matter covered and to be current as of the time it was written, research and knowledge about medical and health issues is constantly evolving and dose schedules for medications are being revised continua lly, with new side effects recognized and accounted for regularly. Readers must therefore always check the product informa- tion and clinical procedures with the most up-to-date published product information and data sheets provided by the manufacturers and the most recent codes of conduct and safety regulation. Oxford University Press and the authors make no representations or warranties to readers, express or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of this material, including without limitation that they make no representation or warranties as to the accuracy or effi cacy of the drug dosages mentioned in the material. The authors and the publishers do not accept, and expressly disclaim, any responsibility for any liability, loss or risk that may be claimed or incurred as a consequence of the use and/or application of any of the contents of this material. vi Preface Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R, or physiatry) is a growing, but still misunderstood medical specialty in the United States. Perhaps no fi eld is as broad in the areas it covers as PM&R, as this book attempts to show. By necessity, areas that could fi ll volumes are limited to a few pages or paragraphs. We have tried to distill the information into as useful a format as possible while attempting to include most of the important points. This book is aimed primarily at medical students rotating through PM&R, and PM&R residents. It is meant to be available for quick reference on a topic when in the hospital or clinic. There is ample space for note taking while on rounds, and its size and layout are meant to encourage this. It is also intended for physiatrists who may encounter conditions or top- ics that they rarely see or haven’t seen in years. Our residents enter our programs with varied experiences and knowledge of this fi eld. In contrast to fi elds such as internal medicine or Ob/Gyn, there is no standard expo- sure to PM&R in medical school. Thus we have to assume that residents and students have no familiarity with PM&R and start with the most basic knowledge of the fi eld. This Handbook should be considered only a fi rst step, and we hope it will help provide a foundation for understanding that can be advanced by further reading and research. Many aspects of the specialty (such as spinal procedures, electromyog- raphy, and others) are impossible to learn without a guided preceptorship or fellowship. This book tries to stress an understanding of when, where, and why these procedures fi t into the care of patients, but cannot teach how to perform them. In those cases we hope this book serves as an introduction. There are many excellent texts in the fi eld of PM&R that are written by well-respected authors. The reader is encouraged to consult these books for a more detailed discussion of PM&R in general. There are also many excellent books that focus on specifi c topics. Obviously, the Internet has increased the amount of material available exponentially. The resources chapter at the end of this book lists organizations, journals, and Web sites that serve as resources for the most up-to-date information. vii Acknowledgments The authors have been privileged to work for and with many talented indi- viduals. Students, colleagues, and mentors have all infl uenced our practice of medicine. We would like to thank all of the contributors to this book. Their enthu- siasm for learning and teaching is evident in their work. The editors at Oxford University Press have been wonderful to work with. Special thanks go to Elizabeth Kates and Andrea Seils for their assist- ance and patience. Of course, we couldn’t do half of the things we do without our coordinator, secretary, and offi ce manager Sheila Slezak. We would like to thank Dr. Yasha Magyar for his outstanding illustrations. We are extremely grateful to have the support and encouragement of our Medical Director and CEO at Nassau University Medical Center. Steve Walerstein, MD, and Arthur Gianelli, CEO, are role models in the prac- tice of medicine and administration. They always put patient care fi rst and strive to provide the best care possible. We have given better care to our patients because of them, and for that we are appreciative. Finally, and most importantly, we would like to thank our spouses, chil- dren, and family for their love and support. Jay, Lyn, Ari, Helene, Stefan, Richard, Rhona, and Nicole have been our foundation and the most impor- tant part of our lives. This book is dedicated to them, in the hopes that they may always fi nd happiness and fulfi llment. Lyn Weiss Jay M. Weiss Thomas Pobre This page intentionally left blank ix Contents Detailed contents xi Contributors xvii Symbols and abbreviations xxi 1 General principles 1 2 Head and neck 15 3 Spine 33 4 Upper extremity 71 5 Lower extremity 121 6 Pain syndromes 165 7 Procedures and medications 183 8 Neurological disorders 227 9 Rheumatological disorders 253 10 Prosthetics and orthotics 277 11 Spinal cord injury 305 12 Traumatic brain injury 321 13 Stroke 327 14 Pulmonary and cardiac rehabilitation 343 15 Pediatrics 351 16 Common complications 363 17 Rehabilitation issues 401 Index 441

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