Oxford American handbook of clinical pharmacy

837 Pages·2010·2.2 MB·English

by  Denise R.

About the Oxford American Handbooks in Medicine
The Oxford American Handbooks are fl exi-covered pocket clinical
books, providing practical guidance in quick reference, note form. Titles
cover major medical specialties or cross-specialty topics and are aimed at
students, residents, internists, family physicians, and practicing physicians
within specifi c disciplines.
Their reputation is built on including the best clinical information, com-
plemented by hints, tips, and advice from the authors. Each one is carefully
reviewed by senior subject experts, residents, and students to ensure that
content refl ects the reality of day-to-day medical practice.
Key series features
• Written in short chunks, each topic is covered in a two-page spread
to enable readers to fi nd information quickly. They are also perfect
for test preparation and gaining a quick overview of a subject without
scanning through unnecessary pages.
• Content is evidence based and complemented by the expertise and
judgment of experienced authors.
• The Handbooks provide a humanistic approach to medicine—it’s more
than just treatment by numbers.
• A “friend in your pocket,” the Handbooks offer honest, reliable
guidance about the diffi culties of practicing medicine and provide
coverage of both the practice and art of medicine.
• For quick reference, useful “everyday” information is included on the
inside covers.
• Made with hard-wearing plastic covers, tough paper, and built-in
ribbon bookmarks, the Handbooks stand up to heavy usage.
This page intentionally left blank
Hematology—reference intervals
Measurement Reference interval Your hospital
White cell count (WCC ) 4–11 x 109/mm3
Red cell count Males: 4.6–6 x 106/mm3
Females: 3.9–5.6 x 106/mm3
Hemoglobin (Hb) Males: 13.5–18 g/dL
Females: 11.5–16 g/dL
Hematocrit Males: 40%–52%
Females: 34%–46%
Mean cell volume (MCV) Males: 80–100 pg
Females: 79–98 pg
Mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) 25.4–34.6 fL
Mean cell hemoglobin Males: 31%–37%
concentration (MCHC) Females: 30%–36%
Neutrophils 1.8–8 k/µL
40%–75% WBC
Lymphocytes 1–5 k/µL
20%–45% WBC
Eosinophils 0.0–0.6 k/µL
1%–6% WBC
Basophils 0.0–0.2 k/µL
0–1% WBC
Monocytes 0–0.1 k/µL
2%–10% WBC
Platelet count 150–450 x 103/mm3
Reticulocyte count 0.5%–1.5%
Erythrocyte sedimentation Depends on age
rate (ESR)
Prothrombin time (PT) 11–15 seconds
(factors I, II, VII, X)
Activated partial thromboplastin 25–39 seconds
time (aPTT) (VIII, IX, XI, XII)
D-dimers1 <0.5 mg/L
1 D-dimer assay may be useful as a screening test for thromboembolic disease; see Perrier A, et al.
(1999). Non-invasive diagnosis of venous thromboembolism in outpatients. Lancet 353 190. However,
the reference range does depend on the assay—check with your hematology lab.
Reproduced with permission from Longmore ML, Wilkinson IB, Rajagopalan S (2004). Oxford
Handbook of Clinical Medicine, 6th ed Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Useful Web sites
Description Web address (URL)
Centers for Disease Control and www.cdc.gov
Prevention
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid www.cms.hhs.gov
Services
ClinicalTrials.gov www.clinicaltrials.gov
Electronic Orange Book www.fda.gov/cder/ob
Food and Drug Administration www.fda.gov
FDA Postmarket Drug Safety www.fda.gov/cder/drugSafety.htm
Information for Patients
and Providers
Institute for Safe Medication Practices www.ismp.org
The Joint Commission www.jointcommission.org
MedWatch www.fda.gov/medwatch
Merck Manual www.merck.com/pubs/
National Association of Boards of www.nabp.net
Pharmacy (NABP)
National Comprehensive www.nccn.org
Cancer Network
National Institutes of Health www.nih.gov
American Association of Poison Control Centers
Poison control centers are open 24 hours, 7 days a week. Poison centers
are staffed by pharmacists, physicians, nurses, and toxicology specialists.
The Poison Help hotline is 1-800-222-1222.
Oxford American Handbook of
Clinical Pharmacy
Published and forthcoming Oxford American Handbooks
Oxford American Handbook of Clinical Medicine
Oxford American Handbook of Anesthesiology
Oxford American Handbook of Clinical Dentistry
Oxford American Handbook of Clinical Diagnosis
Oxford American Handbook of Critical Care
Oxford American Handbook of Emergency Medicine
Oxford American Handbook of Nephrology and Hypertension
Oxford American Handbook of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Oxford American Handbook of Oncology
Oxford American Handbook of Otolaryngology
Oxford American Handbook of Pediatrics
Oxford American Handbook of Psychiatry
Oxford American Handbook of Pulmonary Medicine
Oxford American Handbook of Rheumatology
Oxford American Handbook of Surgery
Oxford American
Handbook of
Clinical
Pharmacy
Edited by
Michelle W. McCarthy, Pharm.D.
Director, Drug Information Services
Department of Pharmacy Services
University of Virginia Health System
Charlottesville, Virginia
Denise R. Kockler, Pharm.D., BCPS
Director, Drug Information Services
Department of Pharmacy Services
Virginia Commonwealth University Health System
Richmond, Virginia
with
Philip Wiffen
Marc Mitchell
Melanie Snelling
Nicola Stoner
1
3
Oxford University Press, Inc. publishes works that further
Oxford University’s objective of excellence
in research, scholarship and education.
Oxford New York
Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi
Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi
New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto
With offi ces in
Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece
Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal
Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam
Copyright © 2009 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
Published by Oxford University Press Inc.
198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016
www.oup.com
Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
without the prior permission of Oxford University Press,
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Oxford American handbook of clinical pharmacy/edited by Michelle W. McCarthy,
Denise R. Kockler ; with Philip Wiffen ... [et al.].
p. ; cm. —(Oxford American handbooks)
Adapted from: Oxford handbook of clinical pharmacy/Philip Wiffen ... [et al.]. 2007
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978–0–19–537510–7 (fl exicover : alk. paper)
1. Hospital pharmacies—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Pharmacy—Handbooks,
manuals, etc. 3. Clinical pharmacology—Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. McCarthy,
Michelle W., 1970- II. Kockler, Denise R., 1968- III. Wiffen, Phil. IV. Oxford
handbook of clinical pharmacy. V. Title: Handbook of clinical pharmacy. VI. Series:
Oxford American handbooks.
[DNLM: 1. Pharmaceutical Services—Handbooks. 2. Pharmacology,
Clinical—methods—Handbooks. QV 735 O975 2009]
RS152.O94 2009
615’.1—dc22 2009002713
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed in China
on acid-free paper
This material is not intended to be, and should not be considered, a
substitute for medical or other professional advice. Treatment for the
conditions described in this material is highly dependent on the individual
circumstances. Although this material is designed to offer accurate infor-
mation with respect to the subject matter covered and to be current as of
the time it was written, research and knowledge about medical and health
issues are constantly evolving and dose schedules for medications are being
revised continually, with new side effects recognized and accounted for
regularly. Readers must, therefore, always check the product informa-
tion and clinical procedures with the most up-to-date published product
information and data sheets provided by the manufacturers and the most
recent codes of conduct and safety regulation. Oxford University Press and
the authors make no representations or warranties to readers, express
or implied, about the accuracy or completeness of this material, including,
without limitation, that they make no representation or warranties about
the accuracy or effi cacy of the drug dosages mentioned in the material.
The authors and the publishers do not accept, and expressly disclaim, any
responsibility for any liability, loss, or risk that may be claimed or incurred
as a consequence of the use and/or application of any of the contents of
this material.