Table Of Content

owls of the world second edition 000a prelims.indd 1 22/06/2013 10:26 000a prelims.indd 2 22/06/2013 10:26 owls of the world a photographic guide second edition Heimo Mikkola Christopher helm london 000a prelims.indd 3 22/06/2013 10:26 This electronic edition published in 2017 by Bloomsbury Publishing Plc First published 2012 by Christopher helm, an imprint of Bloomsbury publishing plc, 50 Bedford square, london WC1B 3dp. this edition and digital edition published 2013. www.bloomsbury.com www.bloomsburywildlife.com Copyright © 2013 text by heimo mikkola Copyright © 2013 in the photographs remains with the individual photographers – see credits on pages 521–522 the right of heimo mikkola to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, designs and patents Act 1988. ISBN (print): 978-1-4729-0593-2 ISBN (enhanced e-book): 978-1-4729-0592-5 ISBN (ePDF): 978-1-4729-4561-7 A Cip catalogue record for this book is available from the British library. All rights reserved. no part of this publication may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means – photographic, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or information storage or retrieval systems – without permission of the publishers. this book is produced using paper that is made from wood grown in managed sustainable forests. it is natural, renewable and recyclable. the logging and manufacturing processes conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. Commissioning editor: Jim martin design: Julie dando, Fluke Art To find out more about our authors and books visit www.bloomsbury.com. Here you will find extracts, author interviews, details of forthcoming events and the option to sign up for our newsletters. noW AVAilABle – oWls oF the World enhAnCed e-BooK, featuring a comprehensive sound archive that complements this book. Check it out on the iBookstore! 000a prelims.indd 4 22/06/2013 10:26 Contents Acknowledgements 13 IntroductIon 15 whAt mAkes An owl? 16 Vision 16 hearing 17 significance of ear-tufts 18 silent flight 20 Bill and claws 22 the nAture of owls 24 shape and size 24 calls 26 colour variation and ageing 28 Abnormalities in owl plumage 30 moult 33 food and hunting 33 habitat 40 Behaviour 41 Intraguild aggression 50 Breeding strategies 51 longevity records 53 movements 55 eVolutIon of owls 57 dIstrIButIon And BIogeogrAphy 57 tAxonomy And dnA-sequencIng 58 owls And humAns 60 conserVAtIon 66 extInct owls 69 ‘owlAholIcs’ 70 owl AssocIAtIons And gloBAl reseArch orgAnIsAtIons 71 owls on the internet 71 specIes Accounts 72 photographs 73 distribution maps 73 references 73 topography of a typical owl 74 Abbreviations 75 glossary 75 the specIes Accounts 78 tytonIdAe: BArn, grAss And BAy owls 78 1. BArn owl Tyto alba 78 2. AmerIcAn BArn owl Tyto furcata 82 3. curAçAo BArn owl Tyto bargei 86 4. lesser AntIlles BArn owl Tyto insularis 87 5. gAlápAgos BArn owl Tyto punctatissima 88 000b Owls intro.indd 5 22/06/2013 10:08 6. cApe Verde BArn owl Tyto detorta 89 7. são tomé BArn owl Tyto thomensis 90 8. AustrAlIAn BArn owl Tyto delicatula 91 9. BoAng BArn owl Tyto crassirostris 93 10. AndAmAn BArn owl Tyto deroepstorffi 94 11. Ashy-fAced owl Tyto glaucops 95 12. mAdAgAscAr red owl Tyto soumagnei 98 13. golden mAsked owl Tyto aurantia 100 14. tAlIABu mAsked owl Tyto nigrobrunnea 101 15. eAstern grAss owl Tyto longimembris 102 16. AfrIcAn grAss owl Tyto capensis 104 17. lesser mAsked owl Tyto sororcula 106 18. AustrAlIAn mAsked owl Tyto novaehollandiae 107 19. mAnus mAsked owl Tyto manusi 108 20. sulAwesI mAsked owl Tyto rosenbergii 109 21. tAsmAnIAn mAsked owl Tyto castanops 110 22. sulAwesI golden owl Tyto inexspectata 112 23. lesser sooty owl Tyto multipunctata 113 24. greAter sooty owl Tyto tenebricosa 114 25. ItomBwe owl Tyto prigoginei 116 26. orIentAl BAy owl Phodilus badius 117 27. srI lAnkA BAy owl Phodilus assimilis 120 strIgIdAe: true owls 122 28. common scops owl Otus scops 122 29. pAllId scops owl Otus brucei 126 30. ArABIAn scops owl Otus pamelae 128 31. AfrIcAn scops owl Otus senegalensis 130 32. socotrA scops owl Otus socotranus 132 33. cInnAmon scops owl Otus icterorhynchus 133 34. sokoke scops owl Otus ireneae 134 35. pemBA scops owl Otus pembaensis 135 36. são tomé scops owl Otus hartlaubi 136 37. seychelles scops owl Otus insularis 138 38. mAyotte scops owl Otus mayottensis 139 39. grAnde comore scops owl Otus pauliani 140 40. AnJouAn scops owl Otus capnodes 141 41. mohélI scops owl Otus moheliensis 142 42. mAdAgAscAr scops owl Otus rutilus 143 43. torotorokA scops owl Otus madagascariensis 145 44. mountAIn scops owl Otus spilocephalus 148 45. IndIAn scops owl Otus bakkamoena 150 46. orIentAl scops owl Otus sunia 152 47. collAred scops owl Otus lettia 156 48. JApAnese scops owl Otus semitorques 158 49. elegAnt scops owl Otus elegans 160 000b Owls intro.indd 6 22/06/2013 10:08 50. sundA scops owl Otus lempiji 162 51. nIcoBAr scops owl Otus alius 163 52. sImeulue scops owl Otus umbra 164 53. enggAno scops owl Otus enganensis 165 54. mentAwAI scops owl Otus mentawi 166 55. rAJAh scops owl Otus brookii 168 56. sIngApore scops owl Otus cnephaeus 169 57. luZon lowlAnd scops owl Otus megalotis 170 58. mIndAnAo lowlAnd scops owl Otus everetti 171 59. VIsAyAn lowlAnd scops owl Otus nigrorum 173 60. gIAnt scops owl Otus gurneyi 174 61. pAlAwAn scops owl Otus fuliginosus 176 62. whIte-fronted scops owl Otus sagittatus 177 63. reddIsh scops owl Otus rufescens 178 64. serendIB scops owl Otus thilohoffmanni 180 65. AndAmAn scops owl Otus balli 181 66. JAVAn scops owl Otus angelinae 182 67. wAllAce’s scops owl Otus silvicola 183 68. flores scops owl Otus alfredi 184 69. mIndAnAo scops owl Otus mirus 185 70. luZon scops owl Otus longicornis 186 71. mIndoro scops owl Otus mindorensis 187 72. rInJAnI scops owl Otus jolandae 188 73. moluccAn scops owl Otus magicus 189 74. wetAr scops owl Otus tempestatis 190 75. sulA scops owl Otus sulaensis 192 76. BIAk scops owl Otus beccarii 193 77. sulAwesI scops owl Otus manadensis 194 78. kAlIdupA scops owl Otus kalidupae 195 79. BAnggAI scops owl Otus mendeni 196 80. sIAu scops owl Otus siaoensis 197 81. sAngIhe scops owl Otus collari 198 82. mAntAnAnI scops owl Otus mantananensis 199 83. flAmmulAted owl Psiloscops flammeolus 202 84. western screech owl Megascops kennicottii 204 85. eAstern screech owl Megascops asio 207 86. pAcIfIc screech owl Megascops cooperi 210 87. oAxAcA screech owl Megascops lambi 211 88. whIskered screech owl Megascops trichopsis 212 89. BeArded screech owl Megascops barbarus 214 90. BAlsAs screech owl Megascops seductus 216 91. BAre-shAnked screech owl Megascops clarkii 217 92. tropIcAl screech owl Megascops choliba 218 93. mArIA koepcke’s screech owl Megascops koepckeae 222 94. peruVIAn screech owl Megascops roboratus 224 000b Owls intro.indd 7 22/06/2013 10:08 95. tumBes screech owl Megascops pacificus 226 96. montAne forest screech owl Megascops hoyi 228 97. rufescent screech owl Megascops ingens 229 98. sAntA mArtA screech owl Megascops ‘gilesi’ 230 99. colomBIAn screech owl Megascops colombianus 231 100. cInnAmon screech owl Megascops petersoni 232 101. cloud-forest screech owl Megascops marshalli 234 102. northern tAwny-BellIed screech owl Megascops watsonii 235 103. southern tAwny-BellIed screech owl Megascops usta 236 104. BlAck-cApped screech owl Megascops atricapilla 238 105. sAntA cAtArInA screech owl Megascops sanctaecatarinae 239 106. VermIculAted screech owl Megascops vermiculatus 240 107. chocÓ screech owl Megascops centralis 242 108. rorAImA screech owl Megascops roraimae 244 109. guAtemAlAn screech owl Megascops guatemalae 245 110. puerto rIcAn screech owl Megascops nudipes 246 111. rIo nApo screech owl Megascops napensis 247 112. whIte-throAted screech owl Megascops albogularis 249 113. pAlAu owl Pyrroglaux podarginus 251 114. cuBAn BAre-legged owl Gymnoglaux lawrencii 252 115. northern whIte-fAced owl Ptilopsis leucotis 254 116. southern whIte-fAced owl Ptilopsis granti 256 117. snowy owl Nyctea scandiaca 258 118. greAt horned owl Bubo virginianus 262 119. mAgellAnIc horned owl Bubo magellanicus 266 120. eurAsIAn eAgle owl Bubo bubo 268 121. phArAoh eAgle owl Bubo ascalaphus 272 122. rock eAgle owl Bubo bengalensis 274 123. cApe eAgle owl Bubo capensis 276 124. Akun eAgle owl Bubo leucostictus 278 125. spotted eAgle owl Bubo africanus 280 126. greyIsh eAgle owl Bubo cinerascens 282 127. frAser’s eAgle owl Bubo poensis 284 128. usAmBArA eAgle owl Bubo vosseleri 285 129. mIlky eAgle owl Bubo lacteus 286 130. shelley’s eAgle owl Bubo shelleyi 288 131. forest eAgle owl Bubo nipalensis 289 132. BArred eAgle owl Bubo sumatranus 290 133. dusky eAgle owl Bubo coromandus 292 134. phIlIppIne eAgle owl Bubo philippensis 294 135. BlAkIston’s fIsh owl Bubo blakistoni 296 136. Brown fIsh owl Bubo zeylonensis 298 137. mAlAy fIsh owl Bubo ketupu 300 138. tAwny fIsh owl Bubo flavipes 302 000b Owls intro.indd 8 22/06/2013 10:08