Overthrow: America's Century of Regime Change from Hawaii to Iraq PDF
Preview Overthrow: America's Century of Regime Change from Hawaii to Iraq
NATIONAL BESTSELLER "A detailed, I)assionateandconvincingbook ... [wilh] lhe pace and grip ofagood lhriller." - TheNew York Tillles BookReview STEPHEN KINZER AUTHOR OF ALL THE SHAH'S MEN OVERTHROW ___________4 _ ___4_ _ _11 1_11 __iii _ 2_~ __11 _ __ _ AMERICA'S CENTURY OF REGIME CHANGE FROM HAWAII TO IRAQ STEPHEN KINZER TIM E S BOO K S Henry Holt and Company New York Times Books Henry Holt and Company, LLC Publishers since 1866 175 Fifth Avenue New York, New York 10010 www.henryholt.com Henry Holt® is a registered trademark of Henry Holt and Company, LLC. Copyright © 2006 by Stephen Kinzer All rights reserved. Distributed in Canada by H. B. Fenn and Company Ltd. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kinzer, Stephen. Overthrow: America's century of regime change from Hawaii to Iraq I Stephen Kinzer. -1st ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-8050-8240-1 ISBN-1O: 0-8050-8240-9 1. United States-Foreign relations-20th century. 2. Hawaii-History Overthrow of the Monarchy, 1893.3. Iraq War, 2003- 4. Intervention (Internationallaw)-History-20th century. 5. Legitimacy of governments-History-20th century. I. Title. E744.K49 2006 327. 73009-dc22 2005054856 Henry Holt books are available for special promotions and premiums. For details contact: Director, Special Markets. Originally published in hardcover in 2006 by Times Books First Paperback Edition 2007 Designed by Kelly S. Too Printed in the United States of America 791086 Time present and time past Are both perhaps present in time future, And time future contained in time past. -T. S. ELIOT DNTE S Introduction 1 PART ONE: THE IMPERIAL ERA 1. A Hell of a Time Up at the Palace 9 2. Bound for Goo-Goo Land 31 3. From a Whorehouse to a White House S6 4. A Break in the History of the World 78 PART TWO: COVERT ACTION S. Despotism and Godless Terrorism 111 6. Get Rid of This Stinker 129 7. Not the Preferred Way to Commit Suicide 148 8. We're Going to Smash Him 170 9. A Graveyard Smell 19S PART THREE: INVASIONS 10. Our Days of Weakness Are Over 219 11. You're No Good 239 12. They Will Have Flies Walking Across Their Eyeballs 260 13. Thunder Run 281 14. Catastrophic Success 300 Notes 323 Bibliography 345 Acknowledgments 365 Index 367 OVERTHROW Introduction Why does a strong nation strike against a weaker one? Usually because it seeks to impose its ideology, increase its power, or gain control of valuable resources. Shifting combinations of these three factors moti vated the United States as it extended its global reach over the past cen tury and more. This book examines the most direct form of American intervention, the overthrow of foreign governments. The invasion of Iraq in 2003 was not an isolated episode. It was the culmination of a nO-year period during which Americans overthrew fourteen governments that displeased them for various ideological, political, and economic reasons. Like each of these operations, the "regime change" in Iraq seemed for a time-a very short time-to have worked. It is now clear, however, that this operation has had terrible unintended consequences. So have most of the other coups, revolu tions, and invasions that the United States has mounted to depose gov ernments it feared or mistrusted. The United States uses a variety of means to persuade other countries to do its bidding. In many cases it relies on time-honored tactics of diplomacy, offering rewards to governments that support American interests and threatening retaliation against those that refuse. Some times it defends friendly regimes against popular anger or uprisings. In more than a few places, it has quietly supported coups or revolutions organized by others. Twice, in the context of world wars, it helped to wipe away old ruling orders and impose new ones. This book is not about any of those ways Americans have shaped the modern world. It focuses only on the most extreme set of cases: those in which the United States arranged to depose foreign leaders. No nation
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