Overdiagnosis in psychiatry : how modern psychiatry lost its way while creating a diagnosis for almost all of life's misfortunes PDF
Preview Overdiagnosis in psychiatry : how modern psychiatry lost its way while creating a diagnosis for almost all of life's misfortunes
Advance Praise for Overdiagnosis in Psychiatry “Dr. Paris is a psychiatrist who knows his onions and so can make you weep. He weeps at the failure to recognize strengths in people rather than weaknesses, and after reading his book we should all gain from one of its key sentences ‘it would probably be better to define mental health, not as happiness, but as resilience in the face of adversity’.” —Peter Tyrer, Professor of Community Psychiatry, Centre for Mental Health, Imperial College, London “Most discussions of diagnosis focus on problems with missed diagnoses or mis- diagnosis. Dr. Paris does the field a great favor by focusing on the problem of overdiagnosis, and showing how it is as great a problem as underdiagnosis.” —Mark Zimmerman, Professor of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown Medical School, Providence, RI “Too much medicine can be bad for your health—overdiagnosis and over-treatment are now serious public health problems. Dr Paris has provided an important pebble in the David vs Goliath battle to contain the medical-industrial complex.” —Allen Frances, Professor Emeritus and former Chair, Duke University and author of Saving Normal, Coronado, CA “Dr. Joel Paris has written a wonderfully provocative book that will irritate some readers and delight others. With opinions based on his many years working in the trenches, Dr. Paris points out the problems of overdiagnosis, misdiagnose, and diag- nostic epidemics that have been fueled in part by overenthusiasm for the DSM. Written in an accessible style, this book is bound to become a classic in the field.” —Donald W. Black, MD, Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA ✦ OVERDIAGNOSIS IN PSYCHIATRY How Modern Psychiatry Lost Its Way While Creating a Diagnosis for Almost All of Life’s Misfortunes JOEL PARIS, MD Professor of Psychiatry, McGill University 1 1 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 © Oxford University Press 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Paris, Joel, 1940–, author. Overdiagnosis in psychiatry: how modern psychiatry lost its way while creating a diagnosis for almost all of life’s misfortunes/Joel Paris. p. ; cm. ISBN 978–0–19–935064–3 (alk. paper) I. Title. [DNLM: 1. Mental Disorders—diagnosis. 2. Diagnostic Errors. 3. Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures—utilization. WM 141] RC473.D54 616.89′075—dc23 2014039665 This material is not intended to be, and should not be considered, a substitute for medical or other professional advice. Treatment for the conditions described in this material is highly dependent on the individual circumstances. And, while this material is designed to offer accurate information with respect to the subject matter covered and to be current as of the time it was written, research and knowledge about medical and health issues is constantly evolving and dose schedules for medications are being revised continually, with new side effects recognized and accounted for regularly. Readers must therefore always check the product information and clinical procedures with the most up-to-date published product information and data sheets provided by the manufacturers and the most recent codes of conduct and safety regulation. The publisher and the authors make no representations or warranties to readers, express or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of this material. Without limiting the foregoing, the publisher and the authors make no representations or warranties as to the accuracy or efficacy of the drug dosages mentioned in the material. The authors and the publisher do not accept, and expressly disclaim, any responsibility for any liability, loss or risk that may be claimed or incurred as a consequence of the use and/or application of any of the contents of this material. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper This book is dedicated to my fellow researchers in psychiatry, who have taught me the importance of caution in clinical practice. CONTENTS Acknowledgments ix Introduction xi PART I. BACKGROUND 1. Diagnosis in Psychiatry 3 2. The DSM and Its Discontents 25 3. Overdiagnosis and Over-Treatment 41 4. Science, Philosophy, and Diagnosis 55 PART II. CATEGORIES MOST LIKELY TO BE OVERDIAGNOSED 5. How Major Is Major Depression? 67 6. Bipolar Disorders 81 7. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder 95 viii | CONTENTS 8. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 105 9. Personality and Personality Disorder 117 10. Other Disorders in Which Overdiagnosis Is a Risk 129 PART III. DIAGNOSIS AND NORMALITY 11. How Do We Know What Is Normal? 137 12. Where Do We Go From Here? 149 References 153 Index 173 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Don Black and Mark Zimmerman read earlier versions of this book and made many helpful suggestions for its improvement.
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