Outbreaks, Epidemics, and Health Security: COVID-19 and Ensuring Future Pandemic Preparedness in Ireland and the World PDF
Preview Outbreaks, Epidemics, and Health Security: COVID-19 and Ensuring Future Pandemic Preparedness in Ireland and the World
Outbreaks, Epidemics, and Health Security This page intentionally left blank Outbreaks, Epidemics, and Health Security COVID-19 and Ensuring Future Pandemic Preparedness in Ireland and the World Authors Sebastian Kevany, MA, MPH, PhD Aoife Kirk, MB BCH BAO (HONS) MPH Senior Editorial Contributor Ruchika Gallani, BDS Editorial Contributors Eilis Conneally, MA, PgDip Maisie M. Jones, BSc, MPH Eimear Bourke, BCL, DipLaw Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier 125 London Wall, London EC2Y 5AS, United Kingdom 525 B Street, Suite 1650, San Diego, CA 92101, United States 50 Hampshire Street, 5th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, United Kingdom Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. The views expressed in this article are the author’s and do not reflect those of Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, the U.S. Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. ISBN 978-0-323-91705-6 For information on all Academic Press publications visit our website at https://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals Publisher: Stacy Masucci Acquisitions Editor: Elizabeth Brown Editorial Project Manager: Tracy Tufaga Production Project Manager: Punithavathy Govindaradjane Cover Designer: Matthew Limbert Typeset by STRAIVE, India To Shandy and in memory of Dr. John Kevany. This page intentionally left blank Contents About the authors xvii About the contributors xix Foreword xxxi Preface: Three interlocking functions for stronger health security xxxv Acknowledgements xxxix Part I Big picture lessons 1. The irreversible global politicization of health Sebastian Kevany and Aoife Kirk 1.1 Health and politics 3 1.2 Guest essay: Global health inequalities, crises, and governance 5 German Andres Alarcon Garavito Global health background 6 Health in global governance 6 Missing global health leadership 7 Global participation 7 The rule of law 8 Conclusion 9 1.3 Changing political stances 9 1.4 Guest essay: COVID-19 opinion piece on the Irish experience of COVID-19 12 Ina Kelly 1.5 Health, politics, and the economy 14 1.6 Key points 16 References 16 2. Fortress Ireland Sebastian Kevany and Aoife Kirk 2.1 Would closing borders have worked? 19 2.2 Guest essay: COVID-19 lessons from Cuba: Isolation and diplomacy 22 Ilan Kelman Dealing with isolation 22 vii viii Contents Global health diplomacy 23 What’s next? 24 2.3 The costs of isolation 26 2.4 Guest essay: The biggest threat to global health security: COVID-19 and neoliberalism 27 Sabine Iva Franklin Age and the economy 27 Delta and the economy 28 Lessons for the future 28 The American Public Health System 30 2.5 One island, two countries 31 2.6 Ireland versus New Zealand 32 2.7 Guest essay: The New Zealand response—A medic abroad 33 Sarah O’Dwyer 2.8 Key points 35 References 35 3. Lessons for humanity Sebastian Kevany and Aoife Kirk 3.1 What have we learned? 39 3.2 Guest essay: Social observations of a post-lockdown environment 42 Selma Furtado The ubiquitous hand sanitizer 42 The refrain of ‘too many people’ 43 The guarding of personal space 43 Our new ‘comfort zoom’ 44 ‘The new normal’ versus ‘normality’ 44 So where do we go from here? 44 3.3 Humans versus nature 45 3.4 Guest essay: Pandemic reflection from WHO ‘changemakers in health’ filmmaker 47 Danny Scheinmann 3.5 Health is wealth 52 3.6 Key points 54 References 54 Part II Lockdowns and politics 4. Lockdown alternatives Sebastian Kevany and Aoife Kirk 4.1 The lockdown dilemma 59 Contents ix 4.2 Guest essay: Experiences and policy lessons from the first wave of the COVID-19 emergency in Italy: The importance of the geo-political context 61 Serena Masino and Luisa Enria 4.3 Lockdowns and societal control 63 4.4 Guest essay: Invisible Indians—The pandemic, mass exodus, and never-ending pain of migrants of India 64 Swati Mishra The scale of India’s circular migrant labour 64 A global pandemic and the genesis of a mass exodus 65 Scarcity of resources to survive in the destination 65 Loss of self-esteem and violations of fundamental human rights 66 Failure of the socio-political system 66 Future course of action 67 Rights-based approach 67 Institutional mechanism within the government system 67 Amendments to existing laws 67 Creating alternative livelihood opportunities in their source states 67 The volume of seasonal migration—A case of migration from Ganjam (Odisha) to Surat (Gujarat) 67 Need for robust data on migrants 68 Need for social protection 68 4.5 Lockdown alternatives 69 4.6 Guest essay: Pandemic lessons: A Buddhist perspective 71 Kathylene Castillo Southard 4.7 Conclusion: Lockdown trade-offs 73 4.8 Key points 74 References 74 5. Creativity and originality: Original responses Sebastian Kevany and Aoife Kirk 5.1 A challenging initial response 77 5.2 Guest essay: China versus COVID-19: A battle China has won 81 Sandra Chukwudumebi Obiora Introduction 81 The beginning of a global health crisis 81 Taking the hard but effective route on a national scale 82 The utilization of technology and the return to ‘relative normalcy’ 83 China today, vaccinations, and the sustained hope for the future 83 Conclusion 84 5.3 The forgotten concept of health security 86
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