Ottomans and Armenians: A Study in Counterinsurgency

308 Pages·2013·1.877 MB·English

by  Edward J. Erickson (auth.)

Ottomans and Armenians
Also by Edward J. Erickson
Mustafa Kemal Atat ü rk
Strategic Water; Iraq, Water and Security in the Euphrates-Tigris Basin , coau-
thored with F. M. Lorenz
Gallipoli, The Ottoman Campaign , published in Turkish as Gelibolu, Osmanlĭ
Cephesi
A Military History of the Ottoman s , from Osman to Ataturk , coauthored with
Mesut Uyar
By the Light of a Candle, The Diaries of a Reserve Officer in the Ottoman Army:
The WW1 Diaries of Ragip Nurettin Ege , translated by Gunes Ege-Akter,
annotated by Edward Erickson
Gallipoli and the Middle East 1914–1918, From the Dardanelles to Mesopotamia ,
Published in Swedish as F ö rsta V ä rldskriget Del 5: Gallipoli och Mellan ö stern ,
published in Turkish as B irinci D ü nya Savaş ı’ nda Osmanl ı : D ü nya Sava ş
Tarihi
Ottoman Army Effectiveness in W.W.I: A Comparative Study , published in Turkish
as D ü nya Sava ş’ nda Osmanl ı Ordusu ( Ç anakkale, Kut ü’ l-Amare ve Filistin
Cephesi)
Defeat in Detail, The Ottoman Army in the Balkans , 1912–1913 , published in
Turkish as B alkan Harplerinde Osmanl ı Ordusu
Ordered To Die, A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War , pub-
lished in Turkish as S ize Ö lmeyi Emrediyorum! Bininci D ü nya Sava ş’ nda
Osmanl ı Ordusu
The Euphrates Triangle , S ecurity Implications of the Southeast Anatolia Project ,
coauthored with F. M. Lorenz
Ottomans and Armenians
A Study in Counterinsurgency
Edward J. Erickson
OTTOMANS AND ARMENIANS
Copyright © Edward J. Erickson, 2013.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2013 978-1-137-36220-9
All rights reserved.
First published in 2013 by
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN®
in the United States— a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC,
175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010.
Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world,
this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited,
registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills,
Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS.
Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies
and has companies and representatives throughout the world.
Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States,
the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries.
ISBN 978-1-349-47260-4 ISBN 978-1-137-36221-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9781137362216
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the
Library of Congress.
A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library.
Design by Newgen Knowledge Works (P) Ltd., Chennai, India.
First edition: November 2013
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
This book is dedicated to the memory of
the late Professor Stanford J. Shaw
(emeritus UCLA and Bilkent University)
and to
Professor Dennis Showalter, Colorado College,
both of whom gave me incredible encouragement
and support as a novice author and historian
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Contents
List of Maps, Figures, and Table i x
Acknowledgments x i
Introduction 1
1 Insurgency by Committee 7
2 Counterinsurgency in the Empire’s Core 3 9
3 Counterinsurgency in the Periphery 5 7
4 A Template for Destruction 7 9
5 Invisible Armies 9 7
6 Readiness for War 1 23
7 Irregular War in Caucasia and in the Levant 1 43
8 Enemies Within 1 61
9 A New Course of Action 1 83
10 Aftermath 2 13
Appendix A: The Relocation Antitheses 2 23
Notes 231
Bibliography 281
Index 291
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Maps, Figures, and Table
Maps
1.1 Ottoman core provinces in 1914 1 2
1.2 Armenian arms smuggling routes 1 8
5.1 Distribution of Ottoman Armenian population, 1913 1 05
6.1 Locations of Ottoman army corps in August 1914 1 27
7.1 Locations of Ottoman army corps in December 1914 1 49
8.1 Ottoman lines of communication 1 73
9.1 Large communities of Ottoman Armenians, 1915 1 85
9.2 Locations of Ottoman army corps in July 1915 1 96
10.1 Distribution of Armenians remaining in Ottoman
provinces, 1917 2 20
Figures
1.1 The Armenian ARF committee structure, 1898 2 4
1.2 The Armenian ARF committee structure, 1904 2 6
Table
10.1 Distribution of Armenians remaining in 1917 2 16